2014到2018高考真题汇编全国卷浙江卷及答案

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die) early by running.

While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be) more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).

The best exercise is one that you e njoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.

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第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）(2018全国II卷)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is 3 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pig s, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放）of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.

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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I’m not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 5 (challenge).

My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 6 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.

When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10 (stay) and watch.

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2018年6月浙江卷语法填空真题

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out. I still remember 4 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become) common for many young people in recent year s, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9 (weigh) problems.

If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.

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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals

and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes.

Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health.

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第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）(2017 全国II 卷)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __1__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___2__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____3___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___4___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines ___5__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___6__(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using___7__ every day.

Later, engineers ____8___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___9___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___10___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (real) Instead, she is earning $500 a day as 2 model in New Y ork.

Sarah 3 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter, 44, want her to give up school to model full time But Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 5 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate).

She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture.

Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more. "

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第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）[2017·浙江卷6月考]

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2________ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.

Pahlsson screamed 3________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 4________ (I)，” says Pahlsson.

Sixteen years 5_______ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6_______ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 7________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothi ng. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.

Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8_______ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10.________ wonder.

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第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）[2017·浙江卷11月考]

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Easy Ways to Build V ocabulary

It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it’s 1________ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, 2________ means you’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few 3________(month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 4________the rest of your life, and that’s also true for building your vocabulary — you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.

One of the 5________ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 6________ (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn’t as hard as it 7________ (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 8________(read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 9________ (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words 10________ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.

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第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）(2016 全国I 卷)

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __1___ (attract).

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I __2____（arrow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __3___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back __4____ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, __5___ I was the first Western TV reporter __6___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include __7___(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by __8____ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __9___(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __10____ other is with mum-she never suspects.

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第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）(2016 全国II 卷)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 1 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 2 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3 (be) often acceptable.

Most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.

Recent 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.

If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 9 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 10 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

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第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）(2016 全国III 卷)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂culture s of China, Japan, Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3 (create) special designs.

The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 5 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twig s which 6 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9 (be) too violent for use at the ta ble.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 10 their hands.

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【2016·上海】(B)

Stress: Good or Bad?

Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.

In recent years, stress(1)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(2)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (3)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (4)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (5)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(6) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(7)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.

To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (8)_______ (get )ill.

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【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The giant panda 1 (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 2 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 3 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 4 (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 5 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6 it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats,The mother continued to care for the young panda 7 more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed 8 (it)mother for food.However,it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half years,the mother 9 (drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby, 10 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.

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第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）(2015 全国1 卷)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的的正确形式。

Yangshuo, China

It was raining lightly when I _1__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours_2__, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with __3_ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_4__ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _5__ (painting). Instead, I‘d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away __6_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

Yangshuo __7__ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers _8__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 9 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people _10__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

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9.____________ 10.____________ [2015·全国卷Ⅱ]

The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1.________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2.________ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3.________(able) to “air condition” a house without 4.________(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe ta ke in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5.________(slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6.________ (cool) the house during the hot day;

7.________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 8.________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temper atures. As 9.________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10.________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

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[2015·广东卷]

Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned __1__ farm, which l ooked almost abandoned. __2__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby __3__ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what __4__ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass __5__ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she __6__ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living __7__ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __8__ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market __9__ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to __10__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

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第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）(2014 全国1 卷)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?

In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It __1____（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it ____2____(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, ears later, this river is one of _3___most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasn’t changed in a few days __4____even a few months. It took years of work__5______(reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is___6_____(clean) than ever.

Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit __7___is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card us e. When you face such an impossible situation ,don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?

While there are ___8_______(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the___9_______(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 (patience)

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第三节（共10分；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）(2014 全国II卷)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __1___ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___2____ some of them looked very anxious and ___3__(disappoint) . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ____4___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ____5___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____6___(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____7___(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “____8___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s ____9___ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the s uitcase thankfully, Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ___10__(sudden) became friendly to one another.

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[2014·辽宁卷]

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Jonny：Hey！I'm just practising Tai Chi(太极)．Would you like to join me?

Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?

Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.

Peter：OK.Don't laugh __61__ me.I may look funny.

Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and __62__ (soft)．Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.

Peter：I cannot control my body well.My legs become __63__(pain)．

Jonny：Keep __64__(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let __65__ stay in the air for seconds.

Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I can not do this any longer.

Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi __66__(call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well __67__ strong.In real competition，a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The __68__(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!

Peter：Unbelievable！Oh…，__69__ you don't mind，I'll stop and take a deep __70__.

2018全国I卷

1. longer

2. to see

3. dying

4. is

5. than

6. that/which

7. causes

8. strengthen

9. energetic 10. it/running

2018全国II卷

1.has grown

2. the

3. actually

4. to improve

5. Than

6. pollution

7. global

8. started

9. that / which 10. feeding

2018全国III卷

1.which

2. the

3. loudest

4. looking

5. challenged

6. scientist

7. for

8. them

9. meant 10. to stay

2018年6月浙江卷

1.dishes

2. who / that

3. it

4. visiting

5. was shocked

6.have become

7. affordable

8. higher

9. weight 10. for

2017 全国1 卷

61.as

【解析】考查介词。根据句意“这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病方法”可知这里表达“作为”之意，所以答案填as。

62.effects

【解析】考查名词单复数。有前面的修饰短语some可知这里的side effects应该用复数，所以答案填effects。

63.to process

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据固定短语be required to do sth.“被要求做某事”可知此处答案填to process。

64.are removed

【解析】考查动词时态和语态。设空处是由When引导的时间状语从句，主语是fat and salt（复数），因此所给词remove要充当谓语，根据上下文可知为一般现在时，而fat and salt与remove 存在被动关系，故答案填are removed。

65.a

【解析】考查冠词。根据固定短语as a result “结果”，可知答案填a。

66.worse

【解析】考查形容词的比较级。此处所给词bad前面有even修饰，所以要用比较级,根据

bad-worse-worst可知答案填worse。

67.is

【解析】考查动词时态。此句主语是Fast food，所以后面的be作谓语，根据上下文语境该用一般现在时，fast food是单数，所以答案填is。

68.eating

【解析】考查非谓语动词。By是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以答案填eating。

69.careful

【解析】考查词类转换。此句是一个祈使句，以系动词be开头，系动词后面接形容词作表语，所以care 转换成形容词careful。所以答案填careful。

70.which

【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意“跟其他食物一样，吃得太多也是有可能的，但这对健康不利”，设空处应该指代前面整句话，所以只能用which引导非限制性定语从句，所以此处填which。

63. laying考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。

64. the考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。

65. were used考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力。

66. fairly考查副词。副词修饰形容词。

67. it考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。

68. managed考查动词时态。描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。

69. introduction考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。

70. successful考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。

【名师点睛】

在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的，横线前是冠词the，所以横线上要使用名词introduction。，在英语中，副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词fairly作状语修饰形容词pleasant。

词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。

技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。

技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。

技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。

技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。

技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。

2017 全国1II 卷

63. has been told/was told考查动词的时态和语态。tell后接双宾语，因此可判断此句用被动语态；再根据后面句子的时态可判断用现在完成时或一般过去时。

64. who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语，故填who。

67. invitations考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。

68. in考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。

69. comes考查动词的时态。根据at the moment可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。

70. certainly考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。

【名师点睛】语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是物主代词，则空后需跟名词，比如66题。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。例如67题，several 是修饰复数名词的词，所以判断后面用名词的复数形式。

2017·浙江卷6月考

【文章大意】本文是一则小故事，主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在16年前丢失了结婚戒指，现在失而复得的故事。

56. carrots考查名词。根据a handful of可知，应该有一把小胡萝卜，所以用carrot的复数形式。

57. shiny/shining考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知，需用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。

58. so考查状语从句。此处是“so…that…”结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。

59. myself考查反身代词。根据语意可知，此处填I的反身代词，意为“她认为‘我’伤到了‘我’自己”，故填myself。

【名师点睛】

在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的57题，“she noticed a 57 (shine) object”，句中a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining 。

词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。

技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。

技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。

技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。

技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。

技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。

考点：考查语法填空

2017浙江卷11月考

56. an【冠词】由语境可知“和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程”，因此用不定冠词an表示泛指。

57. which【定语从句关系词】分析句子结构可知，57 means you’ll … 空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。

58. months【名词单复数】month为可数名词，且由a few可知month应用复数形式。

59. for【介词】be enough for sth 对······已足够。

60. effective【词性转换】此处要表达的是“有效的方法之一”，因此填effective。

61. really【词性转换】此处应用副词修饰不定式to read，因此填really。

62. sounds【谓语动词】本句意为“这件事并不像听起来那么难”，描述的是一般事实，且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。

63. reading【非谓语动词（现在分词）】逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。

64. their【代词】此句意为“另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法”，use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。

65. learned / learnt【非谓语动词（过去分词）】learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”，words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。

2016年全国I卷

61. attraction

【解析】本题考察attract的名词形式，熊猫是它最具吸引力的地方。

62. was allowed

【解析】本题考察词组be allowed to,我受允许亲密接触这些可爱的动物。

63. officially

【解析】本题考察official的副词形式，意为官方地，正式地。我将在伦敦的典礼上被正式授予这项头衔。

64. to

【解析】本题考察词组go back to,追溯到。

65. when

【解析】本题考察when引导时间状语从句。

66. permitted

【解析】本题考察动词的过去分词表被动，作后置定语。表示被允许用permitted。

67. introducing

【解析】本题考察动名词作宾语，introduce变为动名词形式introducing。

68. its

【解析】本题考察形容词性物主代词，根据上下文指代小公熊猫，故用its。

69. days

【解析】本题考察名词单复数；few表示很少的，几乎没有的，后面接可数名词复数。

70. the

【解析】本题考察固定搭配，一个……另一个……the one…the other…。

2016年全国II卷

【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as

46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make

43.is 考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中单个动名词短语“Leaving.....tomorrow”在句中做主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，所以使用is。

44.on 考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。

45.as 考查固定搭配。短语as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。

46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studie s。

47.regualrly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。

48.a 考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会；本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。

49.to bring 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。

50.make 考查祈使句。本句中动词短语make sure放在句首，构成祈使句。句意：要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。

【名师点睛】

在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的，横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。

词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。

技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。

技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。

技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。

技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。

技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。

考点：考查语法填空

2016年全国III卷

【答案】

41. and

42. be made

43. to create

44. using

45. as/when

48. development

49. were

50. with

43. to create考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1b18836925.html,ing考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。

45.as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为“当……时候”，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。

46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。

47. who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。

48.development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。

49. were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。

50. with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。

考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句

【名师点睛】

语法填空的解题技巧

语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：

1. 纯空格试题的解题技巧

首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列连词，45空考查时间状语从句，47空考查非限制性定语从句，50空考查介词。

2. 给出了动词的试题解题技巧

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词）。比如42空，43空和49空，给的是动词，根据句意可知42空是动词词组，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的谓语。

3. 词汇转换题解题技巧

这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如46空和

【2016·上海】(B)

【答案】

33. has been regarded 34. that 35. better 36. a 37. you 38. annoyed 39. control 40. to get

34. that 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。

35. better 考查固定句式“The+比较级.....，the+比较级”意为“越....就越.....”。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.

36. a 考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。

37. you 考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。

38. annoyed 考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。

39. control 考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。

40. to get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。

【名师点睛】

本文考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：

强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：

It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。

It’s me that he blamed．他怪的是我。

强调句型最重要的句型是： It is (was) ＋被强调部分＋ that／ who ＋句子的其它成份。

英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：

It is they who ／that will have a meeting tomorrow． (强调主语)

It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow． (强调宾语)

It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting． (强调时间状语)

应注意的要点:

1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其中的it 本身没有词义。

2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that ，而不能用when 或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。

如： It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday． (虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。) 3．强调句子的主语时，that 或who 之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。

4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。

即It is ．．． that／who．．．和It was ．．．that／who．．．。

如： It was the way he asked that really upset me．

5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。

如： It was in today's newspaper that we found the news．

去掉It was ．．．that 之后，句子可以整理为:We found the news in today's newspaper．

这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。

常见考法:

1．用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：

It was for this reason that he left that school．

It was in this way that he solved the problem．

2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：

It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty．

3．用 not until 复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star．

It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began．

4．在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：

It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died．

5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如：

Was it during the Second World War that he died？

When was it that the sports meeting began？

It was not Tom that stole the book．

Wasn't it he that had made a mistake？

6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用 is 或 was外，还可以在其前面加上 may ／ might ／must 等表示推测的情态动词。

如： It might be him that you met yesterday．

【2016·四川】

【答案】41.is loved 42.recently 43.caring/careful 44.to eat 45.enemies

46.When/If 47.for 48.its 49.drove 50.and

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲的是妈妈熊猫和她的孩子的故事。

44.to eat 句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。

45.enemies 句意：任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人。自然界的敌人不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。

46.When/If 句意：如果或当它哭的时候，她会前后摇动。故填When/If。

49.drove 句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填drove。

50.and 句意：现在是她该有一个小宝宝的时间了，同时也是小熊猫该独立的时间了。此处表示并列，是一个并列句，故填and。

2015年全国I卷

1.arrived

【解析】由后一句的But I didn't care可知，这里使用一般过去时态。

2.before/earlier

【解析】根据句意和前后文可知，几个小时前，我待在香港的家里。

3.its

【解析】因为smog是名词，所以此处需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰。

4.that/which

【解析】因为先行词the Li River是物，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导。

5. paintings

【解析】因为该词由many修饰，所以这里使用复数的形式。

6.by

【解析】乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数。

7. is

【解析】根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时，又因为Yangshuo是单数，所以这里使用is。8. conducted

【解析】因为study和conduct之间是被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。

9. regularly

【解析】此处需要一个副词修饰动词say。

10. living

【解析】因为people___和live之间是主动关系，所以使用动词ing形式作定语。

2015年全国II卷

[解析]

文章大意：土坯房比现在的房子好在冬暖夏凉。现代的建筑师都很羡慕这样的房子不用空调就能很好地调节室内的温度，不过关键是这房子的墙的厚度。

61. built build与前面的the adobe dwellings构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。

62. the 空格后面的most是形容词最高级，故前面使用the。

63. ability 结合空格前面的形容词性物主代词their可知，后面要用able的名词形式。

64. using结合空格前面的介词without，后面应该使用v.-ing的形式。

65. slowly根据空格前面的give out that heat和后面的during cool nights可知，这里使用副词修饰动词短语give out。

2014年全国I卷

1.was

【解析】由于此处描述的是过去的事情，故用过去形式。

2.actually

【解析】该词在句中说明谓语动词的情况，故用副词形式。

3.the

【解析】句中one of the most...是“最……之一”的意思，是形容词的最高级形式。

4.or

【解析】此处填or表示a few days和even a few months的并列意义，且此句是否定句。

5.to reduce

【解析】根据句型it takes some time to do sth.可以解题。

6.cleaner

【解析】该句表示比较意义，故用clean的比较级。

7.which/that

【解析】此处用which或that引导定语从句。

8.amazing

【解析】该空应填形容词amazing来修饰后面的stories。

9.changes

【解析】变化是缓慢的，需要付出努力和工作，由后面的谓语动词are可判断用change的复数形式。

10.patient

【解析】此处用形容词作表语。

[2015·广东卷]

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是约翰逊先生一家靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是一次意外奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不想其他办法维持生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。最终丰收来临，他将药草和蔬菜卖给镇上的人。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了另一扇门。

16. a考查冠词。名词farm第一次出现，表示泛指，故填a。

17. Luckily 考查副词。用副词修饰整个句子。

18. for考查介词。根据句中的exchange可知，用介词for。exchange for交换，兑换。

19. was left考查动词的时态和语态。文章中的时态都是用的过去时，what与leave是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

20. when 考查连词。根据“…the cow was eating grass…it began to rain heavily.”可知，本句中一个