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中考定语从句复习精练

中考定语从句复习精练
中考定语从句复习精练

定语从句

定语从句(I)

一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

请分析一下GO FOR IT 教材中出现的部分定语从句:( 请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)

1.Check the ways you study for an English test.

2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.

3.You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.

4.I have some ideas that may help.

5.They said something you didn’t like.

6.Can you think of any problems you have had recently?

7.Think about Stephen Hawking, a very clever scientist, who regards his many physical problems as

unimportant.

8.He would always take pride in everything good I do.

9.My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.

10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?

11.Being a professional runner is the only thing I have ever wanted to do.

12.If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.

13.Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.

14.If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.

15.All I ever wanted to do was traveling.

练习:

一、Join each pair of the sentences after the model.

Model: The boy is my brother. He helped me. →The boy that (who) helped me is my brother.

1.The man is in the next room. He brought us the letter yesterday.

____________________________________________________________________________________

2.The film is interesting. They saw it last night. _______________________________________________

3.The pen is mine. He has taken it away. __________________________________________________

4.The students will not pass t he exam. They don’t work hard.

____________________________________________________________________________________

5.The lady is our teacher. You saw her just now. ____________________________________________

6.I was reading a book. The book is about a boy. ______________________________________________

7. He is the young writer.He wrote the book.________________________________________________

8. Do you know the doctor? He comes here once a month and examines the workers.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The foreign guest is Mr. Green.You saw him at the school gate.

______________________________________________________________________________________

10. I've received the book.Father sent it to me._________________________________________________

二、用关系代词填空:that 、which 、who、whom 、whose

1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.

2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.

3.The man __________ you went to see has come.

4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.

5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.

6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.

7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.

8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.

9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.

10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.

11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.

12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.

13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.

14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.

15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.

16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.

17.I will never forget the people and the places _____I have ever visited.

18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing?

19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.

20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.

三、单项选择

( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. whose ( ) 2. What’s the name of the program________.

A. which are listening

B. you are listening to

C. to that you are listening

D. that you are listening

( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.

A. in which

B. in that this

C. all that

D. in everything ( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.

A. whom

B. whose

C. that

D. which ( ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year.

A. where

B. in which

C. which

D. in that ( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. who ( ) 7. Do you know the student_____?

A. whom I often talk

B. with who I often talk

C. I often talk with

D. that I often talk

( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south.

A. whose

B. who’s

C. it's

D. its ( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?

A. what I need

B.I need

C. which I need it

D. that I need it ( )10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.

A. who

B. to whom

C. whom

D. that

定语从句(II)

一、关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got together finally came.

2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know him.

(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.

二、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

=The school in which he once studied is very famous.

(2)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

=Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(3)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

注意:1、有些动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等

(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (True)

(2)This is the watch for which I am looking. (False)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用

that;关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3、“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

针对性练习

简单归纳:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择, 方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配), 再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断, 结合生活实际来判断.

( ) 1.Do you know who lives in the building ______there is a well?

A. in front of it

B. in front of whose

C. in front of which

D. in front which

( ) 2.I’ll never forget the day ____I joined the League.

A. on which

B. in which

C. which

D. at which

( ) 3.The woman_____my brother spoke just now is my teacher.

A. who

B. to whom C .to who D. whom

( ) 4.Jeanne was her old friend,____she borrowed a necklace.

A. from who

B. from whom

C. to that

D. to whom

( ) 5.His glasses, _____he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg.

A. which

B. with which

C. without which

D. that

( ) 6.she is a teacher of much knowledge, _____much can be learned.

A. who

B. that

C. from which

D. from whom

( ) 7.He built a telescope_____he could study the skies.

A. in which

B. with that

C. through which

D. by it

( ) 8.Do you know the reason____he was late?

A. that

B. which

C. for what

D. for which

( ) 9.I have bought two ballpens, ____writes well.

A. none of which

B. neither of which

C. none of them

D. neither of them

( ) 10.The Second World War_____millions of people were killed in 1945.

A. during which

B. in that

C. where

D. on which

( ) 11.China has many rivers, ____the Changjiang River is the longest.

A. which

B. in which

C. among which

D. one of which

( ) 12.This is the very knife_____I used to cut apples yesterday.

A. that

B. by which

C. which

D. with which

13.The speed____which you drive your car mustn’t too high.

14. In the park there are many flowers, the color_____ which is bright and nice.

15. The little girl is reading a book, _____which there are many pictures.

16. What were the things_______which he was not too sure?

17. They held a meeting, ____which the hospital director made a speech.

18. The book, _____which he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading.

19. Is this the man____whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?

20. The villagers dug along tunnel______which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.

21. Wu Dong, _____whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

22. The stories about Long March, _____which this is one example, are well written.

三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句举例:

(1)The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could miss.

(2)China is a country which has a long history.

非限制性定语从句举例:

(1)His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

(2)China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别:

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1)His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2)His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)

四、难点分析

(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1.当先行词是

1) anything, everything, nothing (something 除外)

2) few, all, none, little, some

3)由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

(5) Any man that has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

(6) He'll read all the books that are sold here.

(7) Ask any questions (that) you don't understand.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时

(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is t he only thing that he owned.

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

针对性练习

简单归纳:先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时, 通常关系代词用that

1)先行词是all、no、none、everyone、 something、much、 little等

2)先行词前有序数词, 形容词最高级, the last, the same, the only等.

3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时.

4)若主句中有疑问代词who, which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who, which ( ) 1. This is all____I know about the matter.

A. that

B. what

C. who

D. whether

( ) 2Is there anything else_____you require?

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. what

( )3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. it

( )4.He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school.

A. which

B. that

C. it

D. whom

( )5.There is no dictionary_____you can find everything.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. in that

( )6.This is one of the best books_______.

A. that have ever been written

B. that has ever been written

C. that has written

D. that have written

( )7. He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything__ _ __ he saw on the way to the Paris.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. where

( )8.Is oxygen the only gas_____helps fire burn?

A. that B ./ C. which D. it

( )9.Is there anything_____to you?

A. that is belonged

B. that belongs

C. which belongs

D. that belong ( )10.The scientist and his achievements______you told me about are admired by us all.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whose ( )11.Which of the books______were borrowed fro him is the best?

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. whose (二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that. As一般放在句首,which在句中.

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:

1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。

(1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;

which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思

(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (主句之前)

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent(口语). (主句之后)

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.

注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时,常用as

(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

针对性练习

简单归纳: as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句, 如都指前一句话的意思,二者可以互换。

as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有“正如…..,正像…”一类的含义,与之连用的词有know, see, expect, announce, point out等。此外,在the same…as…、such….as….中as引导的是限制性定语从句. ( ) 1.______was natural, he married Jenny.

A. Which

B. That

C. This

D. As

( ) 2. Such signs_____we use in the experiment_____ Greek letters.

A .as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is

( ) 3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_____ he drank immediately .

A. that

B. as

C. which

D. who

( ) 4.She is very good at dance, ____everybody knows.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. as

( ) 5.It was raining, _____was a pity.

A. what

B. that

C. the which

D. which

( ) 6.______has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.

A. Which

B. What

C. That

D. As

( ) 7.We do the same work_____they do.

A. which

B. as

C. than

D. like

( ) 8.The earth is round, _____we all know.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. as

(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略。

The way in which/ that/ he answered the question was surprising.

( 四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )

定语从句练习

一、用关系代词填空:that 、which 、who、whom 、whose

1. I know the person ______company produces new machines

2.She is the engineer _____ work is considered to be the best here.

3.This is the person _____ story surprised everybody.

4.The woman ______ secret was discovered kept her job in the company.

5.This is the boy______mother teaches us Chinese in our school.

6.The girl _____ watch was lost cried sadly.

7.Please pass me the book _____ cover is black.

8.The student _____ shoes are dirty played basketball so well.

9.Mr Lee _____ son is my classmate is my English teacher.

10.Is this factory the one __________a lot of students visited yesterday?

11.The first thing ___________ we should do is to clean the room.

12.You should do all ___________ I told you to do.

13.The book has nothing ________ interests me.

14.The naughty boy can do something _________ will give you trouble.

15.This is the tallest building ___________ I have ever seen.

16.You can take anything ___________ you like.

17.This is the best film ________ has been shown this year.

18.He took away everything __________ belonged to him.

19.There is no person ________ is always in the right.

20.This is the very person __________ I need.

21.I have read all the books ________ you gave me.

22.He is the only person ___________ is right.

23.I don't have any friends _________ can lend me some money.

24.I have read every book __________ I can find.

25.They talked much _________ had nothing to do with the matter.

26.There is little ________ I can give you.

二、用关系副词:when、where、why填空

1. I don’t know the reason ___________ he was late for the class.

2. A birthday is the date _____ one was born.

3.Do you know the reason _____ no one questioned Aristotle's theory for about 2,000 years?

4.Do you still remember the days____________we spent together last term? 5.Shanghai is the city _______ I was born.

6. The house______I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

7. I still remember the day _______I first came to the school.

8. The time _______we got together finally came.

9. Please tell me the reason _______ you missed the plane.

10. I don’t know the reason________ he looks unhappy today.

注:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(when=in which、where=in which、why=for which )

(1) The reason _____ _____he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year ______ _____ he was going to school he began to know me.

(3) Great changes have taken place in the city _____ _____ I was born.

三、用“prep + whom/which” 填空

5.The teacher ____ _______ I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu.

6.What's the name of the sport _____ ______ you go in a boat?

7.Mathematics is the subject ______ _______ I am most interested.

8.This is the question ______ __________ we have had a discussion.

9.This is the house __________ _________ I was born.

10.Is that the girl ________ ________ you lent your bicycle?

11.This is the pen ________ _______ I wrote the letter.

12.Here is the address _______ _______ you should write

13.These are the things _______ ________ I spoke just now.

14.Is that the fish _______ _______ you asked the waiter?

四、Non-restrictive attribute clause

15.Tom won the first prize, ____________ everybody knows.

16.Yesterday I met Ling Ping, _______ seemed to be very busy.

17.Our teacher, _______ wife is a nurse, is very strict with us.

18.She sang a new song, ________ we liked very much.

19.He lost my bike, _________ made me unhappy.

五、Tell the function (成分) of the words that, who, whom, whose, which, when and where.

1. He is the man who lives nest door.

2. This is the photo which shows my house.

3. He is the man whom I met.

4. This is the photo that I took.

5.He is the man whose car was stolen.

6. This is the house whose windows are very bright.

7. This is the school where we studied together.

8. I can’t find the house where I bought a shirt.

9.Is this the room in which you live?

10.Where is the young policeman from whom we have learnt a lot?

六、单项选择

( ) 1. The pencil____ he was writing was broken.

A. which

B. that

C. with that

D. with which

( ) 2. I should like to use the same TV set____ is used in your classroom.

A. which

B. who

C. as

D. whose

( ) 3. I will never forget the day____ we studied together.

A. at which

B. on that

C. at that

D. on which

( ) 4.Galileo built a telescope_____ he could study the skies.

A. with which

B. through which

C. through that

D. which

( ) 5.This shirt is like the one___ we saw yesterday in that shop ___ John told us about.

A. that, which

B. which, where

C. whom; that

D. which, in which

( ) 6.He is doing such work ____I am.

A. as

B. which

C. who

D. what

( ) 7.The exhibition in ___the pictures are on show is on the second floor.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. it

( ) 8.This is the place____ he stayed last year.

A. which

B. in where

C. in which

D. in that

( ) 9.That is the writer ____ a lot of books were written.

A. by Whom

B. who

C. whose

D. whom

( )10. It is one of the best books_____.

A. that have ever been written

B. that has ever been written

C. Which have been written

D. which has been written

( ) 11.We should learn from those ___ are always ready to help others.

A. who

B. whom

C. they

D. that

( ) 12.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who___in China.

A. works

B. is working

C. are working D .has been working ( ) 13.Tom is the only one of the students who___to Shanghai.

A. have gone

B. have been

C. has been

D. had gone ( ) 14 I, ___your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is

B. who am

C. that is

D. which am

定语从句改错40题

1. These who have plenty of money will help their friend.

2. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.

3. Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.

4. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the farm which you visited last week.

5. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.

6. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of them hadn't been cleaned fot at least a year.

7. The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.

8. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China.

9. They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.

10.My glasses, with which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.

11. He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned.

12. A harvester is a machine with which we harvest crops or a person which is harvesting.

13. I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.

14. In the police station I saw the man from which room the thief had stolen the TV set.

15. Chapin, for who money was now no problem , start a new film company with his friends.

16. Please put the letter which he can easily find it.

17. The house in the front of which there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.

18. Antarcti ,which we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

19. The reason why I was away from school is because I was ill yesterday.

20. It was a meeting that importance I didn't realize at that time

21.She was the one I met at the party , whom you knew.

22. They have decided to stay at home, that is , I think ,a wise choice.

23. All the apples which fell down were eaten by the pigs.

24. Did you see the man whom I nodded just now ?

25. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.

26. ---How do you like the book? ---It's quite different from the one what I read last month.

27. Is oxygen the only gas which helps fire burn?

28. I'll tell you all what he told me last week.

29.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person from whom she could turn for help

30.Willma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, that made her mother veryhappy.

31.She heard a terrible noise , as brought her heart into her mouth.

32.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whom family was poor.

33.The weather turned out to be very good, that was more than we could expect.

34.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town which he grew up as a child.

35. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the country with the farmers.

37. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,who ,of course , made the others unhappy.

38. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , the price of whose was very reasonable.

39. Which has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

40. He lived in London for 3 months , during that time he learned some English.

41.Oh the wall hung a picture, which color is blue.

42.Whenever I met him , that was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.

43.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture there stands the famous tower.

44.The boss whose department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.

45.I don't like the way which you speak to her which

答案:1. these-those 2. which-that 3 which-as 4 first'which'-when 5 drop 'it' 6.them-which 7 which-when 8 is-are 9 who-that 10 with-without. 11 who-whom 12 second 'which'-who 13 which-as 1 4 which-whose

15 who-whom 16.which-where 17 drop 'the' 18 which前加about 19.because-that 20 that-whose

21 whom-as 22 that-which 23 which-that 24 nodded后加to 25 is-am 26 what-that

27 which-that 28 what-that 29 from-to 30 that-which 31 as-which 32 whom-whose

33 that-which 34 which-where 35 which-when 37 who-which 38 whose-which 39 which-as 40

that-which 41 which-whose 42 that-which 43 there-where 44 worded后加in 45which-in which

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