医用酒精浓度

医用酒精的主要成分是乙醇，并且它是混合物。医用酒精是用淀粉类植物经糖化再发酵经蒸馏制成，相当于制酒的过程，但蒸馏温度比酒低，蒸馏次数比酒多，酒精度高，制成品出量高，含酒精以外的

工业酒精和医用酒精的区别

1、纯度

医用酒精是指医学上使用的酒精，医用酒精的纯度有多种，常见的为95%和75%。

工业酒精是指工业上使用的酒精，工业酒精的纯度一般为95%和99%

2、毒性

医用酒精由于浓度低，可以用于人体的消毒。

工业酒精不能用于人体的消毒，因为甲醇会导致中毒，用于皮肤消毒也会有部分被皮肤吸收，中毒后严重的可导致失明甚至死亡。

3、用途

医用酒精主要用于消毒、杀菌。

工业酒精可用于印刷、电子、五金、香料、化工合成、医药合成等方面。可用作清洗剂、溶剂。

消毒机理

要使蛋白质变性，就要让蜷曲、螺旋的蛋白质分子长链舒展、松弛，其中关键是破坏形成蜷曲和螺旋的各种力。酒精分子有两个

末端，一端是憎水的(一C2H5)，可以破坏蛋白质内部憎水基团之间的吸引力；一端是亲水的(一OH)，但它难以破坏蛋白质外部的亲水基团之间的吸引力。另一方面。水分子虽然可以松弛蛋白质亲水基团之间的吸引力，但它即使钻进细菌内部，也无法破坏其蛋白质中憎水基团之间的吸引力。所以，纯酒精或水都不足以使细菌内的蛋白质变性，只有酒精和水共同存在，同时使保持蛋白质几何形状的各种吸引力松弛，蛋白质才会失去生理活性。因此，只有一定浓度的酒精溶液，才能达到良好的消毒杀菌目的。

不同浓度的酒精

不同浓度酒精的作用

（以下的浓度均是指体积分数）

95%的酒精常用于擦拭紫外线灯。这种酒精在医院常用，而在家庭中则只会将其用于相机镜头的清洁。

75%的酒精用于消毒。这是因为，过高浓度的酒精会在细菌表面形成一层保护膜，阻止其进入细菌体内，难以将细菌彻底杀死。若酒精浓度过低，虽可进入细菌，但不能将其体内的蛋白质凝固，同样也不能将细菌彻底杀死。

40%～50%的酒精可预防褥疮。长期卧床患者的背、腰、臀部因长期受压可引发褥疮，如按摩时将少许40%～50%的酒精倒入手中，均匀地按摩患者受压部位，就能达到促进局部血液循环，防止褥疮形成的目的。

25%～50%的酒精可用于物理退热。高烧患者可用其擦身，达到降温的目的。因为用酒精擦拭皮肤，能使患者的皮肤血管扩张，增加皮肤的散热能力，其挥发性还能吸收并带走大量的热量，使症状缓解。但酒精浓度不可过高，否则可能会刺激皮肤，并使表皮散失大量的水分。

不同浓度酒精杀灭细菌所需的作用时间

医用酒精家庭妙用

医用酒精不仅可以治疗伤病，也是家中消毒、清洁的好帮手，每个家庭都需要备一瓶。

退烧

先兑水擦拭皮肤，能使血管扩张，增加散热能力，同时，酒精挥发还会带走大量的热量，起到退烧的作用。需要提醒的是，医用酒精的浓度一般是75%和95%，会刺激皮肤，吸收表皮水分，因此，使用之前要兑等量或更多的水；擦拭时间不宜超过20分钟；应避开前胸、腹部、阴囊等部位；如果发烧者出现过敏、寒战、脉搏变化等情况，应立即停用。

清洁电器不生锈

酒精是比较好的清洁剂，将其装进喷壶里，电脑键盘、电视屏幕脏了时喷一下，然后用干净的软软布先竖擦再横着擦，干净又消毒，还能保持一个月不沾灰尘，门把手、开关、垃圾桶等这些地方细菌很多，经常喷一下，可以杀菌；酒精去污效果强、易挥发，它不仅能有效去除电器表面的各种污迹，而且对一些电子元器件的内部污迹也能快速清洗，同时又不影响对电器的使用性能,。

鞋里喷点能除臭

冬天脚出汗，棉鞋里又酸又臭。此时，可以用酒精均匀地在鞋内喷一圈，晾干后，异味就会无踪。其他物品，如如菜板用久了有异味，也可以将酒精喷在上面，搁置一夜后，异味就会消失。

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