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关于环境问题的英语报告

Summary

In the June 1st, 2008, Chinese government issued some relevant laws and regulations to restrict the use of plastic bags. Nowadays, the serious white pollution has negatively effected our survival environment. What’s worse, temperature of the whole world is becoming warm gradually. As we all know, the main components of plastic bags are polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PV), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene resin (PS) which are all poisonous. Hence, our group has worked on this report which aims at learning about the status quo of people using plastic bags in their daily life. What are included in this report are different using situations in different public places and public attitudes towards those plastic bags policies through questionnaire investigation and statistical analysis. Finally, we make recommendations from different angles such as the improvement of appearance of plastic bags, the invention

effectiveness

of substitutes and the enhancement of the

of government supervision and so on.

Table of Contents

Summary (i)

Table of Contents (ii)

List of Figures.....................................................................................................................................................i ii 1 Introduction. (1)

1.1 Background (1)

1.2 Purpose (1)

1.3 Scope (2)

1.4 Method (2)

2. Findings and discussions

2.1 Attitudes towards different shopping bags (3)

2.2 Situations of using plastic bags (4)

2.3 Using plastic bags in retail market (5)

3. Analyses

3.1 Analysis of Figure 1 (6)

3.2 Analysis of Figure 2 (7)

3.3 Analysis of Figure 3 (8)

3.4 Analysis overall (9)

4. Conclusions (10)

5. Recommendations (12)

References (14)

Bibliography (14)

Appendix A ················································································································ A-1 Appendix B ·················································································································B-1 Glossary·······················································································································C-1

List of Figures

Table 1 (3)

Figure 1 (4)

Figure 2 (5)

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

On 1st June 2008, government issued 《Restrictions on production, sales and use of plastic shopping bags》. It means that a nationwide ban on the production, sale and use of less than 0.025 mm thick plastic shopping bags has been carried out. Now the policy has been put out for 3 years. During the three years, what changes have taken place about the situation of using plastic bags? There are still lots of people purchasing and/or using free plastic bags. Variable plastic bags can be seen everywhere.

1.2 Purpose

The purpose of the report is to investigate the status quo of using plastic bags. It reflects the real effect of the ban on plastic bags. Based on facts, we hope to make people aware of environment crisis and reduce the use of plastic bags and further promote individual awareness of

environmental protection, and improve the effects of policy advocacy.

1.3 Scope

The report focuses on the situation of using plastic bags at present, including the comparison between supermarkets and retail markets, different attitudes towards those laws and regulations and some possible suggested measures.

1.4 Research Method

On May 7, 2011, our group went to Carrefour and Chen Village retail markets. We circulated questionnaires at 11:00~12:00 in Carrefour. First, we chose three cash registers, and get 120 consumers’ help to finish a piece of questionnaire everyone meanwhile. Finally, effective information was acquired.

2.1 Attitudes towards shopping bags When we do the survey in Carrefour, useful information is received by the different answers from 120 consumers. There are 71 males and 49 females accepting our investigation. In total, 44 informants purchase plastic bags, which are composed of 31 men and 13 women. 35 informants use recycling plastic bags which are composed of 25 women and 12 men. And 22 informants use cloth bags including 12 men and 10 women. 19 don’t use bags.

Table 1: Different attitudes towards shopping bags

We made link with the functionary of Carrefour. Then we find the quantity of using plastic bags before and after the ban of plastic bags put out. In the data, we can find that 10725 plastic bags were used in one month before the ban on free plastic bags. In July when the ban has worked out, the plastic bags decreased to 4079. But in July, the number of using bags increased rapidly to 10261.

Figure 1: Situations of using plastic bags

The report shows 236stalls in Chen Village in Zhengzhou. There are 40 meat stalls, 14 vegetable stalls, 50 fish stalls and 19 fruit stalls providing free plastic bags. 10 meat stalls, 12 vegetable stalls, 7 fish stalls and 11 fruit stalls provide plastic bags that can be purchased. There are 14 meat stalls, 20 vegetable stalls, 23 fish stalls and 16 fruit stalls

providing recycling plastic bags.

Figure 3: Different situations of using plastic bags

3. Analysis

3.1 Analysis of different attitudes

According to Figure 1: Although the laws and regulations that limit the plastic bags have been issued for about three years, a large proportion (36.7% +29.2% = 65.9%) still use plastic bags in variable sizes in supermarket. And only a small portion

use cloth bags or do not use plastic

bags. Meanwhile, 54.3% of all men (14.1% +16.9% +25.3% = 54.3%) who shop in Carrefour do not buy plastic bags, yet 73.5% (51% +20.4% +2.1% = 73.5%) of women would not buy plastic bags when shopping. What can be showed from the investigation is that women's environmental awareness is better than men’s. According to the research made by a research website, Shenchi Reaearch Reinvente exposed that 93 percent of people support the implementation of plastic limit (2008). In fact, people, however, who practice as what they preach, are less than two-thirds. As the information showed in the Figure1, people should have a better understanding of plastic bags limit, of cause, there’s no doubt that environmental awareness has to be strengthened further.

3.2 Analysis of different situations

amount of plastic bags , we can see that a sharp decline in the total use of shopping bags appeared in June ,2008 when the《Restrictions on production, sales and use of plastic shopping bags》had just been introduced, Precisely there was a 69% reduction. Unfortunately, July had the rapid increase. At the implementation beginning of the

plastic bags restrictions, the number of used plastic bags reduces very quickly. I think the main reasons are as follows: 1.There was vigorous publicity from multiple channels (such as the Government, the media, businesses and so on) so that people had a more profound and more comprehensive understanding of policies.2.Faced with the issue of white pollution, people have had further sense of environment crisis.

Nevertheless, as time goes on, the inconvenience without plastic bags makes the amount add back so dramatically. Possible reasons are that: 1.It’s really easy to work with plastic bags if there is a need in shopping. 2. A plastic bag only focuses on a few cents. It is so cheap. Fortunately, overall the amount in July decreased by about 20% than in May. T o some

extent, the laws and

valid, but they

haven’t played a significant role. That’s, the implementation effect is not so obvious. As the information showed in the Figure 2, People should constantly reinforce awareness of environmental protection which can further curb the use of plastic bags.

3.3 Analysis of using plastic bags in retail markets

According

to Figure

survey from

retail

markets shows that only 15.3% of plastic bags make a small charge, and 84.64% are still free. At the same time, 90.7% of all stalls offer ultra-thin plastic bags there. In retail markets, only a few shoppers use environmentally friendly bags and baskets. The main reasons are: 1, Stalls worry about consumer reduces if they charge for plastic bags. After all, the majority provides free plastic bags, meanwhile,

order to

reduce

the

costs when

they provide ultra-thin plastic bags. 2, It ’s not convenient to classify the purchased commodities without plastic bags, so using disposable plastic bag is a good choice. Otherwise, all goods

It is probably to cause

meat

purchased from retail markets are not very clean, which would dirty basket and cloth bags. In comparison, when consumers buying fruit and vegetables, fewer disposable plastic bags are used. 4, there is no strict supervision for the market sales and plastic bags use. The relevant departments are not responsible enough.

3.4 Analysis overall

Compared the use of plastic bags between supermarkets and retail markets, retail market is relatively more than supermarkets. In other words, the implementation about restriction on plastic bags in supermarkets is more efficient than retail markets. People all pay for bills at cash registers in supermarkets. Like this, plastic shopping bags can be sold as a kind of commodity which is easily administrated. Retail markets are fragmented business, and many commodity prices are determined by bargaining, let alone the charge of plastic bags. If a stall doesn’t offer free plastic bags, it will lose competitive advantage.

4. Conclusion

According to knowing about the actual implementation effects of this policy and using status quo of plastic bags, combined with the above questionnaire findings and

statistical analysis in this report, we draw the following

conclusions:

● At the implementation beginning of restricting plastic bags, the effect is more obvious.

Large shopping malls and supermarkets have done relatively well, yet wholesale markets and small shops do a little worse without clear standards.

● Wholesale purchase of plastic bags is easy for stall owners.

Judging by the survey, the amount of plastic bags in retail markets is large. In particular, ultra-thin plastic bags prohibited by the government are the most.

● There are no wonderful substitutes for disposable plastic bags.

In the survey, consumers and businesses have expressed that although

there are

now cloth

bags,

baskets and

other alternatives, they are not always easy to carry and impact aestheticism. Before a more affordable alternative appears, the use of plastic bags will not have much difference. If

there

are substitutes to meet needs of different people, plastic

bags gradually disappear possibly.

● Environmental pollution and resource waste are serious.

Public awareness of environmental protection should improve. People have no comprehensive understanding of the harm and impact of ultra-thin plastic bags

5. Recommendations

Based on the conclusion above, our group has

recommended the solutions of these issues:

● Improve the appearance of shopping bags, and make them more convenient and fashionable in order to attract

the public to consciously choose

use environmentally friendly bags.

●Develop more attractive and more practical substitutes

for disposable plastic bags except the existing cloth

bags and baskets.

●Make full use of radio, television, Internet and other

modern means of mass media, and raise individual awareness of environmental protection, and improve the effects of policy advocacy.

●Supervise and strengthen the implementation of those

related laws and regulations and penalize these businesses which do not actively carry out these policies.

●Encourage college students to carry personal tableware

in dining hall. If so, the use of plastic bags can reduce

largely, of cause,

a positive response to

implementing laws and regulations on plastic bags as well.

References

Barker, T and K?

Eileen, G 09/15/2005…A Green Policy on Plastic Bag Use?Eco Friendly Shopping Can Help Combat Global Warming

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2017689644.html,/content/a-green-policy-on-plastic-bag-use-a52668#ixzz1Krav0qOC

Jaffe A, 08/12/1995…Environmental regulation and the competitiveness of US manufacturing? http://www.litter.ie/docs/DoEHLG%20System%27s%20Results%20Report%20Final%202002.pdf

Mieszkowski, S 07/10/2007 Plastic bags are killing

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2017689644.html,/ci_10039462?nclick_check=1 “California Considers Ban on Plastic Bags”

Mercury, N 06/ 30/ 2008, Plastic

bags,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2017689644.html,.au/settlements/waste/plastic-bags/index.html

Bibliography

Barker T, K?hler J (1998), https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2017689644.html,/content/92161h65144v2559/

Eileen, G 09/15/2005…A Green Policy on Plastic Bag Use?Eco Friendly Shopping Can Help Combat Global Warming

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2017689644.html,/content/a-green-policy-on-plastic-bag-use-a52668#ixzz1Krav0qOC

Jaffe A, Peterson P, Portney P, Stavins R (1995) …Environmental regulation and the competitiveness of US manufacturing?

http://www.litter.ie/docs/DoEHLG%20System%27s%20Results%20Report%20Final%202002.pdf

Mercury, N 06/ 30/ 2008, Plastic

bags,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2017689644.html,.au/settlements/waste/plastic-bags/index.html

Mieszkowski, S 07/10/2007 Plastic bags are killing

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2017689644.html,/ci_10039462?nclick_check=1 “California Considers Ban on Plastic Bags”

Appendix A

Personal Information:

Gender: Male Female

Age: Under 10 11—18 19—25 26—40 Above 40

Education: Middle School Student College Student Postgraduate

Questions:

1.Where do you usually go shopping?

A .Supermarket B. Retail market C. Store D. Stall

2. Are free plastic bags provided where you go shopping?

A .In supermarkets B. At retail markets C. At stores D. At stalls

3. What?s your opinion of providing free plastic bags?

A. Good and convenient

B. Cause pollution

C. Never thought about it

D. Have no idea

4. Do you know the using status quo of the plastic bags?

A. Clearly

B. A little

C. Nothing

D. Not care

5. Do you believe that plastic bags will decrease significantly, if increase its price

further?

A. Y es

B. No

C. Maybe

D. Have no ideas

6. Does the implementation of plastic limit make you use plastic bags less?

A. No

B. Y es, but the effect is not obvious

C. Maybe

D. Have no ideas

7. In a public place, you want to throw away disposable plastic bags, but you can not

A. Casually throw away

B. Throw when nobody notices

C. Don?t throw until dustbin is found

D. others_____________________________________

8. What is the primary advantage of using plastic bags?

A. Conveniently carry

B. Free

C. Beautiful

D. Easy to classify goods

9. How many plastic bags do you use every day on average?

A. 0

B. 1—3

C. 4—7

D. Above 8

10. What are your channels of getting information about environmental protection? A．TV, Radio B. Newspaper and magazines

C. Government publicity

D.Friends and colleagues

11. What?s your attitude towards the implementation of issued-policies?

A. Illegal C. Legal

B. Acceptable D. No ideas

12. Only charging a few cents, is it helpful to limit use of plastic bags?

A. Y es C. No

B. Not care it D. More should be charged

13. If you rarely use plastic bags after the policies. What is your motive?

A.Save money

B. Protect environment

C. Both

D. Mimic others

B. Set an incentive system

C. Increase violation penalties

D. Limit plastic bags production

15. How do you think about this survey?

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英语口语5分钟演讲稿

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there are four lessons in the morning. at about 12, i go home and have lunch. then i have a break. at about 1:30, i go to school again. lessons begin at 2:00 in the afternoon. there are two lessons in the afternoon. then i can do some sports at about 4. i usually play basketball with my classmates, because basketball is my favourite sports. sometimes i will play football with my classmates. at about 5, i go home and have supper. after supper, i will wash the dishes and do my homework. i don’t go to bed until 10 in the evening. - flowers in full bloom in this, green graof early summer, we have ushered in a grand festival of children - june 1 international children’s day, i am very honored to share with the children together in this beautiful holiday. on that occasion, i would like to let me to all children, young pioneers holiday to extend my sincere regards to the hard work, dedicated gardener to cultivate the flowers of the motherland who pay tribute! soon to be here today in recognition of the advanced collectives and advanced individuals exprewarm congratulations! pioneers, the children, we are now in a hopeful new era of challenges, you are lucky enough to live in a state of concern

城市化和环境污染小论文英文版

Urbanization and Environmental Protection Nowadays, the problem of environment is becoming increasingly serious in the society because of urbanization development. Therefore there are many people believe that we have to stop developing urbanization to prevent from environment keep becoming worse, while others think we can not do that because our society need to develop so that we can live in a better way. In my opinion, I am convinced that we can not only develop urbanization, but protect our environment. It is a common sense that development of urbanization can bring us benefits, such as wealth and technology. only in this way can our living quality promoted.For instance, many equipments and machines are the outcome of technology by developing urbanization. In addition, the situation that there are a large amount of people who own cars in recent year, which makes local residents' life more convenient. The economy improves quickly and we become wealthier just because of city development. People can accomplish business with each other without face to face, which promotes the efficiency for traders by development of technology. When the holiday coming, many people will travel to other famous place to relax by planes or trains, which is the result of urbanization. It provides convenience and relaxation to people and make people's life fill with various entertainment. It might be better to reach a certain level of urbanization before the high GDP growth associated with the increase of the share of tertiary industry( Makoto Chikaraishi, 2013). If we hinder the development of urbanization on purpose, our daily life will become inconvenient and boring without these advanced products. On the other hand, environmental pollution, such as wastewater and exhaust gas, is the matter of necessity of urbanization. It is obvious that industry can result in much pollution, which can harm city dwellers'