刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记免费)
英国文学简史完全版
A Concise History of British Literature
Chapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon Period
I.Introduction
1. The historical background
（1） Before the Germanic invasion
（2） During the Germanic invasion
a. immigration;
b. Christianity;
c. heptarchy.
d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen （lord）–thane - middle class （freemen） - lower class （slave or bondmen: theow）;
e. social organization: clan or tribes.
f. military Organization;
g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education;
h. economy: coins, trade, slavery;
i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system.
2. The Overview of the culture
（1） The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit.
（2） Literature: a. poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures.
II.Beowulf.
1. A general introduction.
2. The content.
3. The literary features.
（1） the use of alliteration
（2） the use of metaphors and understatements
（3） the mixture of pagan and Christian elements
III.The Old English Prose
1.What is prose?
2.figures
（1）The Venerable Bede
（2）Alfred the Great
Chapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval Ages
I.Introduction
1. The Historical Background.
（1） The year 1066: Norman Conquest.
（2） The social situations soon after the conquest.
A. Norman nobles and serfs;
B. restoration of the church.
（3） The 11th century.
A. the crusade and knights.
B. dominance of French and Latin;
（4） The 12th century.
A. the centralized government;
B. kings and the church （Henry II and Thomas）;
（5） The 13th century.
A. The legend of Robin Hood;
B. Magna Carta （1215）;
C. the beginning of the Parliament
D. English and Latin: official languages （the end）
（6） The 14th century.
a. the House of Lords and the House of Commons—conflict between the Parliament and Kings;
b. the rise of towns.
c. the change of Church.
d. the role of women.
e. the Hundred Years' War—starting.
f. the development of the trade: London.
g. the Black Death.
h. the Peasants' Revolt—1381.
i. The translation of Bible by Wycliff.
（7） The 15th century.
a. The Peasants Revolt （1453）
b. The War of Roses between Lancasters and Yorks.
c. the printing-press—William Caxton.
d. the starting of Tudor Monarchy（1485）
2. The Overview of Literature.
（1） the stories from the Celtic lands of Wales and Brittany—great myths of the Middle Ages.
（2）Geoffrye of Monmouth—Historia Regum Britanniae—King Authur.
（3） Wace—Le Roman de Brut.
（4） The romance.
（5） the second half of the 14th century: Langland, Gawin poet, Chaucer.
II.Sir Gawin and Green Knight.
1. a general introduction.
2. the plot.
III.William Langland.
1. Life
2. Piers the Plowman
IV.Chaucer
1. Life
2. Literary Career: three periods
（1） French period
（2） Italian period
（3） master period
3. The Canterbury Tales
A. The Framework;
B. The General Prologue;
C. The Tale Proper.
4. His Contribution.
（1） He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types. （2） He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language.
（3） The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.
V. Popular Ballads.
VI.Thomas Malory and English Prose
VII.The beginning of English Drama.
1. Miracle Plays.
Miracle play or mystery play is a form of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. It developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching its height in the 15th century. The simple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. Eventually the performance was moved to the churchyard and the
marketplace.
2. Morality Plays.
A morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters which are personified abstractions –figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abstract conceptions in general.
3. Interlude.
The interlude, which grew out of the morality, was intended, as its name implies, to be used more as a filler than as the main part of an entertainment. As its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. It was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an aristocratic nature.
Chapter 3 English Literature in the Renaissance I.A Historical Background
II. The Overview of the Literature （1485-1660）
Printing press—readership—growth of middle class—trade-education for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-exploration-new impetus and direction of literature.
Humanism-study of the literature of classical antiquity and
reformed education.
Literary style-modeled on the ancients.
The effect of humanism-the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents. 1. poetry
The first tendency by Sidney and Spenser: ornate, florid, highly figured style.
The second tendency by Donne: metaphysical style—complexity and ingenuity.
The third tendency by Johnson: reaction——Classically pure and restrained style.
The fourth tendency by Milton: central Christian and Biblical tradition.
2. Drama
a. the native tradition and classical examples.
b. the drama stands highest in popular estimation: Marlowe –Shakespeare – Jonson.
3. Prose
a. translation of Bible;
b. More;
c. Bacon.
II.English poetry.
1. Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard （courtly makers）
（1） Wyatt: introducing sonnets.
（2） Howard: introducing sonnets and writing the first blank verse.
2. Sir Philip Sidney—poet, critic, prose writer
（1） Life:
a. English gentleman;
b. brilliant and fascinating personality;
c. courtier.
（2） works
a. Arcadia: pastoral romance;
b. Astrophel and Stella （108）: sonnet sequence to Penelope Dvereux—platonic devotion.
Petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativeness—building of a narrative story; theme-love originality-act of writing.
c. Defense of Poesy: an apology for imaginative literature—beginning of literary criticism.
3. Edmund Spenser
（1） life: Cambridge - Sidney's friend - “Areopagus” –Ireland - Westminster Abbey.
（2） works
a. The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance.
b. Amoretti and Epithalamion: sonnet sequence
c. Faerie Queene:
l The general end——A romantic and allegorical epic—steps to virtue.
l 12 books and 12 virtues: Holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy.
l Two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory （symbolic meaning）
l Many allusions to classical writers.
l Themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and Renaissance Neoclassicism—a Christian humanist.
（3） Spenserian Stanza.
III.English Prose
1. Thomas More
（1）Life: “Renaissance man”, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of arts
a. learned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford;
b. studies law at Lincoln Inn;
c. Lord Chancellor;
d. beheaded.
（2） Utopia: the first English science fiction.
Written in Latin, two parts, the second—place of nowhere.
A philosophical mariner （Raphael Hythloday） tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-Utopia.
a. The part one is organized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy.
b. The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything.
c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.
d. the book and the Republic: an attempt to describe the Republic in a new way, but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals.
e. it played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval otherworldliness towards Renaissance secularism.
f. the Utopia
（3） the significance.
a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages; it created a national prose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.
b. a elegant Latin scholar and the father of English prose: he composed works in English, translated from Latin into English biography, wrote History of Richard III.
2. Francis Bacon: writer, philosopher and statesman
（1） life: Cambridge - humanism in Paris – knighted - Lord Chancellor – bribery - focusing on philosophy and literature. （2）philosophical ideas: advancement of science—people:servants and interpreters of nature—method: a child before nature—facts and observations: experimental. （3）“Essays”: 57.
a. he was a master of numerous and varied styles.
b. his method is to weigh and balance maters, indicating the ideal course of action and the practical one, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each, but leaving the reader to make the final decisions. （arguments）
IV.English Drama
1. A general survey.
（1） Everyman marks the beginning of modern drama.
（2） two influences.
a. the classics: classical in form and English in content;
b. native or popular drama.
（3） the University Wits.
2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the Wits.
（1） Life: first interested in classical poetry—then in drama. （2） Major works
a. Tamburlaine;
b. The Jew of Malta;
c. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.
（3） The significance of his plays.
V. William Shakespeare
1. Life
（1） 1564, Stratford-on-Avon;
（2） Grammar School;
（3） Queen visit to Castle;
（4） marriage to Anne Hathaway;
（5） London, the Globe Theatre: small part and proprietor; （6） the 1st Folio, Quarto;
（7） Retired, son—Hamnet; H. 1616.
2. Dramatic career
3. Major plays-men-centered.
（1） Romeo and Juliet——tragic love and fate
（2） The Merchant of Venice.
Good over evil.
Anti-Semitism.
（3） Henry IV.
National unity.
Falstaff.
（4） Julius Caesar
Republicanism vs. dictatorship.
（5） Hamlet
Revenge
Good/evil.
（6） Othello
Diabolic character
jealousy
gap between appearance and reality. （7） King Lear
Filial ingratitude
（8） Macbeth
Ambition vs. fate.
（9） Antony and Cleopatra.
Passion vs. reason
（10） The Tempest
Reconciliation; reality and illusion.
3. Non-dramatic poetry
（1） Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece.
（2） Sonnets:
a. theme: fair, true, kind.
b. two major parts: a handsome young man of noble birth; a lady in dark complexion.
c. the form: three quatrains and a couplet.
d. the rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg.
VI.Ben Jonson
1. life: poet, dramatist, a Latin and Greek scholar, the “literary king” （Sons of Ben）
2.contribution:
（1）the idea of “humour”.
（2）an advocate of classical drama and a forerunner of classicism in English literature.
3. Major plays
（1） Everyone in His Humour—“humour”; three unities.
（2） Volpone the Fox
Chapter 4 English Literature of the 17th Century I.A Historical Background
II.The Overview of the Literature （1640-1688）
1. The revolution period
（1） The metaphysical poets;
（2） The Cavalier poets.
（3） Milton: the literary and philosophical heritage of the Renaissance merged with Protestant political and moral conviction
2. The restoration period.
（1） The restoration of Charles II ushered in a literature characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft management, and simplicity. （school of Ben Jonson）
（2） The ideals of impartial investigation and scientific experimentation promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge （1662）were influential in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication.
（3） The great philosophical and political treatises of the time emphasize rationalism.
（4） The restoration drama.
（5） The Age of Dryden.
III.John Milton
1. Life: educated at Cambridge—visiting the continent—involved into the revolution—persecuted—writing epics.
2. Literary career.
（1） The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism is not absent. L'Allegre and IL Pens eroso （1632） are his early masterpieces, in which we find Milton a true offspring of the Renaissance, a scholar of exquisite taste and rare culture. Next came Comus, a masque. The greatest of early creations was Lycidas, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate, Edward King.
（2） The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such complete ascendancy that he wrote almost no poetry. In 1641, he began a long period of pamphleteering for the puritan cause. For some 15 years, the Puritan in him alone ruled his writing. He sacrificed his poetic ambition to the call of the liberty for which Puritans were fighting.
（3） The third period is from 1655 to 1671, when humanist and Puritan have been fused into an exalted entity. This period is the greatest in his literary life, epics and some famous sonnets. The three long poems are the fruit of the long contest within Milton of Renaissance tradition and his Puritan faith. They form the greatest accomplishments of any English poet except Shakespeare. In Milton alone, it would seem, Puritanism could not extinguish the lover of beauty. In these works we find
humanism and Puritanism merged in magnificence.
3. Major Works
（1） Paradise Lost
a. the plot.
b. characters.
c. theme: justify the ways of God to man.
（2） Paradise Regained.
（3） Samson Agonistes.
4. Features of Milton's works.
（1） Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and who is both a great poet and an important prose writer. The two most essential things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and his republicanism.
（2）Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used blank verse in non-dramatic works. （3） Milton is a great stylist. He is famous for his grand style noted for its dignity and polish, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.
（4） Milton has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.
IV.John Bunyan
1. life:
（1） puritan age;
（2） poor family;
（3） parliamentary army;
（4） Baptist society, preacher;
（5） prison, writing the book.
2. The Pilgrim Progress
（1） The allegory in dream form.
（2） the plot.
（3） the theme.
V. Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets.
1. Metaphysical Poets
The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to designate the works of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Pressured by the harsh, uncomfortable and curious age, the metaphysical poets sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new words and new poetry. They tried to break away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry, and favoured in poetry for a more colloquial language and tone, a tightness of expression and the single-minded working out of a theme or argument.
2. Cavalier Poets
The other group prevailing in this period was that of Cavalier poets. They were often courtiers who stood on the side of the king, and called themselves “sons” of Ben Jonson. The Cavalier poets wrote light poetry, polished and elegant, amorous and gay, but often superficial. Most of their verses were short songs, pretty madrigals, love fancies characterized by lightness of heart and of morals. Cavalier poems have the limpidity of the Elizabethan lyric without its imaginative flights. They are lighter and neater but less fresh than the Elizabethan's.
VI.John Dryden.
1. Life:
（1） the representative of classicism in the Restoration. （2） poet, dramatist, critic, prose writer, satirist. （3） changeable in attitude.
（4） Literary career—four decades.
（5） Poet Laureate
2. His influences.
（1） He established the heroic couplet as the fashion for satiric, didactic, and descriptive poetry.
（2） He developed a direct and concise prose style.
（3） He developed the art of literary criticism in his essays and in the numerous prefaces to his poems.
Chapter 5 English Literature of the 18th Century I.Introduction
1. The Historical Background.
2. The literary overview.
（1） The Enlightenment.
（2） The rise of English novels.
When the literary historian seeks to assign to each age its favourite form of literature, he finds no difficulty in dealing with our own time. As the Middle Ages delighted in long romantic narrative poems, the Elizabethans in drama, the Englishman of the reigns of Anne and the early Georges in didactic and satirical verse, so the public of our day is enamored of the novel. Almost all types of literary production continue to appear, but whether we judge from the lists of publishers, the statistics of public libraries, or general conversation, we find abundant evidence of the enormous preponderance of this kind of literary entertainment in popular favour.
（3）Neo-classicism: a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance, and harmony in literature. John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major exponents of the neo-classical school.
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
英国文学史笔记(刘炳善著 河南人民出版社)part7-8
Part 7 prose-writers and poets of the mid and late 19th century Chapter 1 Thomas Carlyle He was elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh University He is a literary critic Sartor Resartus The French Revolution Heroes and Hero-Worship Past and Present Chapter 2 Ruskin and some other prose-writers 1 John Ruskin He is a critic. Art criticism and social criticism He is a social thinker and a master of English. His prescription for the contemporary social problems was faulty, but he sincerely sympathized with the people and exposed with holy wrath the evils Modern Painters 2 Matthew Arnold 3 Macaulay Chapter 3 Alfred Tennyson1809~1892 （维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人） Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） ① < In Memoriam>悼念 To memorialize his friend ② < Break, Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击 ③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗 Chapter 4 Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889 A follower of Shelley ①< My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人 ②< Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思 ③Pippa Passes Elizabeth Barrett Browing: ①
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-盎格鲁-诺曼底时期【圣才出品】
第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底时期 2.1复习笔记 I.Background Knowledge(1066-1350)(背景知识) 1.The Norman Conquest(诺曼征服) A.Brief Introduction(简介) The French-speaking Normans began their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, Duke of Normandy,with the battle of Hastings in1066. 说法语的诺曼底人在威廉公爵的带领下，在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英国人，开始了对英国的统治。 B.Chief Influences(主要影响) (1)The bringing of Roman civilization to England; (2)The growth of nationality,i.e.a strong centralized government,instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes; (3)The birth of new English language and literature due to the integration with French vocabulary. （1）将罗曼文化带到英格兰； （2）促进了国家的发展，强大的中央集权政府代替了散乱的撒克逊部落联盟；（3）和法国语言的融合产生了新的英语语言和文学。 II.Features of the New Literature(新文学特征) (1)The new literature is a combination of French and Anglo-Saxon elements. (2)There are three classes of new literature: ①Matter of France(tales about Charlemagne and his peers); ②Matter of Greece and Rome(tales about Alexander and the fall of Troy); ③Matter of Britain(tales about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table).
英国文学史
英国文学 Part1.Old and medieval Beowulf贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people)stricking feature:alliteration, metaphors and understatements. William Langland 威廉。兰格伦 Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯 Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德 小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人） his contribution to English poetry:introduced from france the rhymed couplet of5accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet),is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech. Part2.The English renaissance Thomas More托马 斯。莫尔 Utopia乌托帮 Philip Sidney菲力 普。锡德尼 Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩 Edmond Spenser埃 德蒙。斯宾塞 The Faerie Queene仙后The Shepherds’s Calender牧羊人日历 Francis Bacon培根1561-1626Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self） The founder of English materialist philosophy Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫。马洛Tamburlaine铁木耳大帝Dr.Faustus浮士德的悲剧The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人The Passionate Shepherd多情的牧羊人致情人 William Shakespeare 莎士比亚1564-1616The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello 奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗 The Great Comedies:A Midsummer Night Night’’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;;Twelfth Night第十二夜; The Great Tragedies:The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;Othell Othello o 奥塞罗King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白; The Later Comedies(romances):Pericles波里克利斯;Cymbeline辛白林; The Winter Winter’’s Tale冬天的故事;The Tempest暴风风雨; P art3.The English Bourgeois revolution period John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica 论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙 John Bunyan班扬1628-1688The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程; The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生 John Donne约翰。多恩Songs and Sonnets Devotions upon emergent Occasions (The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry) John Dryden All for Love Antony and Cleopatra An Essay of Dramatic Poesy Part4.The eighteenth Century Joseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign远征；剧本：Cato加图名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险 Richard Steele理查德·斯梯尔1672-1729The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄 名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部 Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A Voyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of 1
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-伊丽莎白·巴雷特·勃朗宁【圣才出品】
第33章伊丽莎白·巴雷特·勃朗宁 33.1复习笔记 Elizabeth Barrett Browning(1806-1861)(伊丽莎白·巴雷特?勃朗宁) 1.Life(生平) Elizabeth Barrett was born in1806at Durham,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2018341462.html,cated at home,Elizabeth had written her first“epic”poem by the age of12.But when she was fifteen,a fall from her horse injured her spine.Despite her ailments,he devoted herself to study Hebrew and Greek.With her enthusiasm for her Christian faith,she became active in the Bible and Missionary Societies for her church. Later she lived in her father’s London house under his tyrannical rule.After her brother’s death,she became an invalid and a recluse in her bedroom for5years.In1844,her Poems attracted Robert Browning’s attention and they exchanged574letters over the next20months. Regardless of her father’s opposition,they eloped in1846and settled in Italy,where her health improved and she bore a son.Her father never spoke to her again.Elizabeth’s Sonnets from the Portuguese,dedicated to her husband and written in secret before her marriage,was published in1850.She died in Florence in1861. 伊丽莎白·巴雷特1806年出生在英国达勒姆。伊丽莎白从小在家受教育，12岁就写了第一首“史诗”。15岁因骑马坠落，脊柱受伤。她不顾病痛，专心学习希伯来语和希腊语。她虔诚地信仰基督教，积极参与她所在教堂的圣经和传教会。 之后她居于父亲在伦敦的房子，生活在父亲专横的淫威下。弟弟死后，她体弱多病，隐居在卧房长达5年。1844年，她的《诗集》引起了罗伯特·勃朗宁的注意，两人在之后的20个月里互通574封信。1846年，两人不顾伊丽莎白父亲的反对私奔，在意大利定居。伊丽莎白身体有所好转，诞下一子。她父亲再没有搭理她。她在婚前秘密写了《葡萄牙十四行诗集》，献给丈夫，于1850年出版。1861年伊丽莎白在佛罗伦萨去世。 2.Poetic Style(诗歌风格) (1)Her technique is uncertain,and she is never free from her characteristic faults of vagueness and unrestraint. (2)Her poems show sympathy with noble causes,the elevation and ardor of her moods of
英国文学史笔记
Index The Sixteenth Century
The works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism, a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. Works First period: Romeo and Juliet Second Period: 1. Hamlet, Prince of Demark 2. Othello, the Moor of Venice 3. King Lear 4. The Tragedy of Macbeth The Seventeenth Century Puritan Age Burrton?s Anatomy of Melancholy. The spiritual gloom sooner or later fastens upon all the writers of this age. This so called gloomy age produced some minor poems of exquisites workmanship, and one of great master of verse whose work would glorify any age or people---John Milton, in whom the indomitable Puritan spirit finds its noblest expression. Restoration Age As a critic, poet and playwright was the most distinguished literary figure of the restoration age. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim as to entertain the licentious aristocrats. John Donne 1. Poetry Form
英国文学史及选读教学内容
英国文学史及选读教学内容 Introduction Unit 1 The Anglo-Saxon Period （2学时） 1. Background 2. Epic & Beowulf Unit 2 The Anglo-Norman Period（2学时） 1. Background 2. Romance & Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Unit 3 Geoffrey Chaucer（2学时） 1. The Canterbury Tales 2. Popular Ballads Unit 4 The Renaissance（8学时）（重点） 1. Background 2. William Shakespeare: Hamlet: “To be or not to be” soliloquy（重点） Sonnet & Sonnet 18 Unit 5 The Period of Revolution and Restoration （4学时） 1. Background 2. John Milton: Paradise Lost 3. John Donne: Song Unit 6 The Age of Enlightenment（3学时） 1. Background 2. Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe 3. Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose （重点） Unit 7 The Romantic Period（6学时）
1. Background 2. William Wordsworth: I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud （重点） 3. Byron: She Walks in Beauty 4. Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice（重点） Unit 8 The Victoria Period（4学时） 1. Background 2. Charles Dickens 3. Bronte Sisters: Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights Unit 9 Twentieth Century Literature（5学时） 1. Background 2. Thomas Hardy: Tess of D’Urberville s（重点） 3. D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers 参考书目 1．《英国文学史（1-4册）》，陈嘉著，商务印书馆，1999年。2．《英国文学新编》，郭群英著，外语教学与研究出版社，2001年。 3．《英国文学通史》，侯维瑞著，上海外语教育出版社，1999年。4．《英国文学简史》，刘炳善著，河南人民出版社，1993年。5．《英国文学漫话》，刘炳善著，河南大学出版社，1999年。6．《英国文学选读》，王守仁著，高等教育出版社，2001年。7．Drabble, Margaret. The Oxford Companion to English
关于我国高校英美文学教学现状的调查报告
关于我国高校英美文学教学现状的调查报告 Ξ 程爱民 徐 劲 柯 可 唐晓忠 (南京师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京 210079) 摘 要:英美文学课是我国高校英文专业的主干课程之一。它不仅能让学生学到丰富的文学知识、提高其文学欣赏水平,同时对学生的素质教育也能起到良好的推动作用。本课题组通过对我国50多所不同类型的高校中外语院系的调查研究、分析,总结了我国高校英美文学教学的现状以及在认识观念、课程设置、教学内容、教学手段、师资培养等方面存在的问题。关键词:英美文学教学;现状;存在问题 中图分类号:H35 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-7242 (2002)01-0014-05 英美文学课作为我国高校外语院系的主干课 程之一,在各类高校外语院系的教学计划中占有举足轻重的地位。然而,面对新世纪、新局面,我们有必要认真地总结英美文学教学中的得失成败,积累经验,并尽快地解决在课程设置、教材建设、教学内容、方法和手段以及师资培养等方面存在的一系列问题。为此,本课题组在国内多所高校的支持和协助下,进行了一项旨在了解我国英美文学教学历史和现状的调查。 11调查的目的和方法据我们了解,我国大多数高校尚未就英美文学课程设置的科学性、合理性以及必要性进行论证,也没有任何人或机构对英美文学在大学生的教育中起到的作用作过调查。因此,开设英美文学课程的合理性、科学性、课时安排、教材选择、教学方法和教学效果,是我们要调查的课题。我们的调查工作分两个部分进行:首先,以调查问卷的形式广泛地收集全国各大专院校英美文学教学的历史和现状;然后,选择其中的一部分院校进行专访和面谈,作进一步的深入调查。我们希望通过我们的调查总结英美文学教学中的经验教训,尝试新的教学方法,正确地评估现有的英美文学教材,从而改革英美文学课程设置,为今后编写既有完备的科学体系又符合教学特点的新教材提供帮助。 我们首先选择了综合类和师范类大学发出了我们的调查问卷,调查问卷共涉及五个部分:1) 英美文学课概况;2)英美文学教材;3)英美文学教学存在的问题及对策;4)英美文学的课程设置;5)英美文学课的教学方法。设计这份问卷的几位青年教师全部是英美文学专业硕士,受过严格的专业训练。但由于是第一次进行这样的调查,在问卷设计的科学性、合理性上有不少差距,我们希望能在今后的调查工作中不断改进。尽管如此,这份调查问卷还是反映了我国英美文学教学中存在的一些问题。本文将对我国英美文学课的概况就我们收集到的问卷作一番剖析。 21调查的结果与分析 在我们调查的学校当中,开设英美文学课最早的时间是1953年,最晚是1984-1985年。参考开设英美文学课程的时间,我们注意到,大多数的院校在70年代以前已经有了这门课程,而文革期间只有三所大学的英美文学课受到了冲击而停课。由此可见,英美文学在相当一部分院校中保持了课程设置的一贯性。同时也充分表明英美文学课在外语专业教学中占据着重要的地位,因而受到各个院校的普遍重视。 关于开设英美文学课的目的,所有的受调查人都选择了提高学生的文学欣赏水平,92%的受调查人认为目的是提高学生的英文总体水平,选择扩大学生知识面、扩大词汇量和提高学生的写作水平的人次相对较少,分别只有50%和42%。参见下表(表1,可重复选择;百分比四舍五入,下同): ? 41?Ξ基金项目:江苏省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究项目(98SJB750.47-99001 ) 2002年第1期总第71期外语研究 ForeignLan guagesResearch 2002,№1Serial №71
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
一个英语生的文学导论课笔记
An introduction to literature Literature 一、What is literature? ?Literature comes from Latin "litterae", meaning "letter" in English. ?The word literature literally means "acquaintance with letters" and the term "letters" is sometimes used to signify "literature," as in the figures of speech "arts and letters" and "man of letters." ?General meanings? ①published writings in a particular style on a particular subject (publications, books, brochures and so on) ②creative writing of recognized artistic value (artistic and literary writings) ③the profession or art of a writer (vocation) ④the humanistic study of a body of literature (subject) ⑤musical product ⑥knowledge or learning ⑦reading (supplementary literature) A Crazy Act ?Literature is about writing in a particular country of a period, all over the world in general. ?Literature is a writing which has claimed to consider underground of beauty of form, and emotional effect. (Aestheticism) ?Literature is all the writings that have permanent value, excellent form and great emotional effect. ?Literature is a writing having excellence of form or expression, and expressing ideas of permanence of universal interest. (critical mind) ? A developing term. Aestheticism Aestheticism (or the Aesthetic Movement) was a 19th century European art movement that emphasized aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, the decorative arts, and interior design. Generally, it represents the same tendencies that symbolism or decadence represented in France, and may be considered the British version of the same style. It was part of the anti-19th century reaction and had post-Romantic origins, and as such anticipates modernism. It was a feature of the late 19th century from about 1868 to about 1900. The artists and writers of Aesthetic style used the slogan "Art for Art's Sake"(艺术是纯粹的), tended to profess that the Arts should provide refined sensuous pleasure, rather than convey moral or sentimental messages. Instead, they believed that Art did not have any didactic purpose; it need only be beautiful.
《英美文学史》课程说明
《英美文学史》课程说明 一、课程基本情况 课程类别：英语专业选修课程 总学时： 34学时 实验、上机学时：无 二、课程性质一门英语专业的选修课 三、课程的教学目的和基本要求 本课程的主要内容是按照时间顺序讲述英美文学经历的不同发展阶段，出现的不同流派及其代表作家和作品，目的在于使学生了解英国和美国文学史的发展，熟悉英美文学的全貌，掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法以及不同文学流派的主要特征。同时培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英美文学原著的能力。通过对英美文学作品进行分析与评论，掌握文学评论的基本方法，提高文学修养。同时通过阅读和分析名家名作，提高学生对英语的敏感性，促进其语言基本功的提高。要求学生课前了解有关流派、作家的基本情况；熟悉拟讲选文的内容，并思考讨论题；课上认真思考，积极回答问题及参加讨论；课后完成规定的阅读任务，并按时完成作业 四、本课程与其它课程的联系 先修课程：基础英语、阅读、写作、英美概况、英美文学选读等 五、教材及参考书（名称、作者、出版社及出版时间） 1)《主要英语国家文学简史》李增主编河南人民出版社2008 （该教材为大学本科应用型“十一五”规划教材） 2)《英国文学史及选读》外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁主编2010 3)《美国文学选读》高等教育出版社陶洁主编2011 （该教材获全国高等学校优秀教材一等奖、普通高等教育“十一五”规划教材） 4)《英美文学欣赏》华中师范大学出版社罗良功刘芳主编2012
参考书： 《英国文学史及选读》第一、第二册；《美国文学史及选读》第一、第二册外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁主编1998年出版 《美国文学简史》常耀信南开大学出版社1987 《英国文学简史》刘炳善上海外语教育出版社1981 《刘炳善英国文学简史笔记和考研真题详解》、《常耀信美国文学简史笔记和考研真题详解》中国石化出版社圣才考研网主编2011年1月第一版
英国文学史上笔记-The Middle Ages
The Middle Ages The Anglo-Saxon Period (449~1066) Reference: 1) The literature of early period falls naturally into two divisions, Pagan and Christian.(异教徒文学和基督徒文学) Pagan represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagas (口头诗歌), the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil; Christian represents the writings developed under the teaching of the monks.(僧侣) 2) Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention Caedmon(开德蒙the first important religious poet in English literature) who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and wrote a poetic paraphrase of the Bible; Cynewulf(琴涅武甫), the author of poems on religious subjects. Beowulf:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons, represents the spirit of pagan Artistic features: 1) Using alliteration押头韵（Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound） 2) Using metaphor and understatement (Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way. Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas. 保守的陈述) Things and Figures mentioned: Beowulf (the Teutonic hero) Hrothgar (the King of the Danes) Heorot 鹿厅Grendel (the half-human monster) Beacon (Beowulf墓上所建) Scyld 赛亚德 Definitions of important literary terms: 1．1)Epic (heroic poetry): An epic is a long oral narrative poem that operates on a grand scale and deals with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance. Most epics deal with the exploits(功勋)of a single individual and also interlace(交织、交错)the main narrative with myths, legends, folk tales and past events; there is a composite（复合的）effect, the entire culture of a country cohering in the overall experience of the poem. Epic poems are not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history. 史诗是长篇口头叙事诗，内容广泛，通常以重要传说或者重大历史事件为题材。大部分的史诗歌颂个人的英雄事迹，同时也在叙述中插入神话、传说、民间故事以及历史事件；一个民族的整体文化与全诗所讲的经历紧密联系，造成一种复合的效果。史诗不仅仅是愉悦人的传奇故事或者历史英雄事迹，它们总结以及表达了一个民族在其历史上一个重要或者关键时期的本质或者理想。(简要地说就是：a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.) 2)Alliteration (head rhyme or initial rhyme): the repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consonants(辅音) of words or stressed syllables(音节)—in any sequence of neighbouring words. Now an optional and incidental(附带的) decorative effect in verse(诗) or prose(散文), it was once a required element in the poetry of Germanic languages (including old English and old Norse挪威语) and in Celtic verse (where alliterated sounds could regularly be placed in positions other than除了the beginning of a word or syllable). Such poetry, in which alliteration rather than rhyme is the chief principle of repetition, is known as alliterative verse; its rules also allow a vowel sound to alliterate with any other vowel. Other works: 1)Bede比德(excellent writer in Anglo-Saxon period)-
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