英语讲义U14
空中课堂讲义U14
姓名班级
一．单词拼写
1．It is rude to ________(争吵) with your parents.
2．Jeff has a very ________(随意的) attitude towards his schoolwork.
3．If you have any problem about the Shanghai World Expo, please c________ these volunteers 4．Keep your r________ of shopping in case you want to have a change in size.
5．He was brought to court and ________(指控) with stealing.
6．It is i________ to sell tobacco to someone under 16 in the USA.
7．There are still a lot of problems which need to be________(克服)．
8．He was still h________ over whether to leave or not.
9．I made an a________ with my dentist this afternoon.
10．It is a big company，because there are several d________ in different cities.
11．Don't b________ me now.Can't you see I'm trying to work?
12．The film director wants to ________(减少) the cost and win the time.
13．More importantly，it could improve my skills to o________ the computer.
14．I needed to find a simple and ________(灵活的) way to design such a complex figure. 15．Our trade is conducted on the________(基础)of quality.
二．短语填空
sit up, speak up, go out, find out, write down, turn up, make up, make out, put on, take down
1. _____ your name, and hand in the paper.
2. Class begins! _____ straight, please.
3. If you disagree, you should _______.
4. They ______ late as usual.
5. We later found out that he'd ______ the whole thing _______.
6. He ______ that he's a qualified doctor.
7. She got up and ______ her coat
8. Let me _______ your name and number.
9. She doesn't _______ very much in the evenings.
10. Did you ever _______ who got the job?
first of all, deal with, keep up with, pay attention to, work out, leave behind, take a deep breath, because of, above all, get on well
1. Y ou'd better ______ with your classmates.
2. How did you ______ those books?
3. If you don't work hard, you will get ______ in your class.
4. ______ the pronunciation of this word.
5. Science develops fast, so it is difficult to _____ the demand for change.
6. He is a little boy. How could he _____ this problem?
7. _____, let me say how glad I'm to be here.
8. He ______ before he opened this letter.
9. He was late ______ the bad weather.
10. For this job, you need to be reliable and need to be good with people, but ______ you need a sense of humour.
三．单项选择
1. -- Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? ---_____.
A. I' d rather stay here if you don't mind
B. Sorry, I don’t like neither
C. Certainly, why not
D. Y es, we like these two places
2. -- How about eight o'clock outside the cinema?
-- That _____ my time.
A. fits
B. meets
C. matches
D. Suits
3. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _____.
A. rewards
B. prizes
C. awards
D. results
4. The girl who is kept _____ the nurse has _____ ill since last week.
A. in the charge of; fallen
B. in charge of; been
C. in the charge of; been
D. take charge of; fallen
5. If you are not clear about the announcement, you can _____ the organizers three days later.
A. require
B. consult
C. instruct
D. demand
6. "Try to _____ a dialogue using the following expressions", the teacher said.
A. pick up
B. make up
C. take up
D. show up
7. I think _____ a joke to stay on the bench in the park for a cold winter night.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. which
8. Lawyers often make higher _____ for their work than they should.
A. bills
B. charges
C. prices
D. costs
9. Y ou see the lightning _____ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant
B. for an instant
C. on the instant
D. in an instant
10. My mother often warned me to _____ as I was writing.
A. stand up
B. sit up
C. sit down
D. get up
11. When the telephone rang he just ____ and went to sleep again.
A. turned off
B. turned out
C. turned up
D. turned over
12. Don't _____ to contact me if you need help.
A. worry
B. apologize
C. dislike
D. hesitate
13. He got full marks in this math exam, _____ that he was among the class' best.
A. to prove
B. proved
C. having proved
D. proving
14. The city is different from _____ it was ten years ago.
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. which
15. Later, I wanted to return home but couldn't find a company ____ I could use ____ I had learnt.
A. that; what
B. when; what
C. where; what
D. where; that
16. ---Mary looks rather _____ of getting the job.
---Of course. After all, she has made good preparations for the interview.
A. nervous
B. excited
C. uncertain
D. confident
17. Mr. White is now in Beijing and runs a company _____ in Zhongguancun together with some Chinese friends.
A. to base
B. basing
C. to be based
D. based
18. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ____ harm them.
A. more than
B. rather than
C. other than
D. better than
19. I shall stay in the hotel all day_____ there is news of the missing Child.
A. in case
B. no matter
C. in any case
D. ever since
20. ______ the news, we all jumped with joy.
A. To hear
B. Hearing
C. Having heard
D. Heard
21. Would you slow down a bit, please? I can't _____ you.
A. keep up with
B. put up with
C. make up to
D. hold on to
22. We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it ______ very well..
A. worked out
B. tried out
C. went on
D. carried on
23. I don’t know why you're worrying about it. _____, it's not your business.
A. What's more
B. In other words
C. After all
D. Worse still
24. A library with five thousand books _____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered
B. has offered
C. are offered
D. have offered
25. Such good chances all the students were looking forward to____ at last.
A. having come
B. comes
C. coming
D. came
26. _______ surprises us most is that she doesn’t even know _______ the difference between the two lies.
A. What; where
B. All; which
C. What; that
D. That; where
27. What the doctors really doubt is _______ the famous actor will recover from the serious disease.
A. which
B. whether
C. that
D. why
28. It was not until dark _______ he found _______ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A. when; what
B. when; that
C. that; what
D. that; that
29. Have we decided to turn to _______ can help us out of trouble?
A. whom
B. whomever
C. no matter who
D. whoever
30. Thomas set off, leaving word with his daughter _______ he would come back soon.
A. who
B. when
C. what
D. That
四．完形填空
In 2012, I had just recovered form a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) 1 might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I 2 .
Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I 3 to catch a taxi to my 4 and settle in. Next morning, I took another 5 to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs. 6 I went to a cafe to have lunch, but all the tables were 7 . Then I heard a friendly voice saying, "Y ou can 8 my table."
I gratefully sat down with the 9 lady and we had a happy lunch together. As the 10 drew to
a close she asked how long I would be in Orlando. I had already told her that I hadn't 11 a car, and hadn't realised how 12 taking taxis would he, After a while she said, "My dear, don't
use any more taxis. I'm retired and it would be my pleasure to 13 you wherever you wish." I told her that I couldn't put her to that 14 ,but she brushed aside my protests (反对)。She asked me where I was 15 and next morning she was waiting at my apartment at the 16 time to take me to Disney World. She spent some time with me before leaving me to 17 alone. At the end of the day, she 18 to take me back to my accommodation. I 19 her money but she refused to take any.
I'll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her 20 , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.
1. A. holiday B. ceremony C. operation D. experiment
2. A. kept B. went C. dropped D. knocked
3. A. intended B. promised C. managed D. deserved
4. A. hospital B. company C. university D. accommodation
5. A. colleague B. passenger C. suitcase D. taxi
6. A. Instead B. First C. Later D. Once
7．A. classified B. occupied C. decorated D. painted 8．A. share B. reserve C. set D. possess 9．A. old B. poor C. innocent D. stubborn（固执的）10．A. journey B. meal C. speech D. interview 11．A. donated（捐赠） B.repaired C. hired D. guided 12．A.convenient B. worthy C. unfortunate D. expensive 13．A.inspire B. entertain C. call D. drive 14．A.business B. argument C. trouble D. challenge 15．A.working B. staying C. moving D. shopping 16．A.appointed B.limited C. favourite D. regular 17．A. digest （咀嚼） B. explore C.perform D. calculate（计算）18．A.forgot B. refused C. returned D.preferred 19．A.sent B.lent C. offered D. owed 20．A.confidence B. dignity （尊严） C.curiosity D. Kindness
公共管理学专业英语词汇
公共管理学专业英语词汇 目标 mission/ objective 内部环境 internal environment 外部环境 external environment 集体目标 group objective 计划 planning 组织 organizing 人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling 步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique 经理 manager 总经理 general manager 行政人员 administrator 主管人员 supervisor 企业 enterprise 商业 business 产业 industry 公司 company 效果 effectiveness 效率efficiency 企业家 entrepreneur 权利 power 职权 authority 职责 responsibility 科学管理 scientific management 现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science 生产率 productivity 激励 motivate 动机 motive 法律 law 法规 regulation 经济体系 economic system 管理职能 managerial function 产品 product 服务 service 利润 profit 满意 satisfaction 归属 affiliation 尊敬 esteem 自我实现 self-actualization 人力投入 human input 盈余 surplus 收入 income 成本 cost 资本货物 capital goods 机器 machinery 设备 equipment 建筑 building 存货 inventory 经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach 集体行为法 the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach
专业外语讲义 (14)
pistons 活塞 The piston with its rings, seals the cylinder and transmits the gas pressure to the connecting rod. It absorbs heat from the gas, and this heat must be carried away if the metal temperature is to be held within safe limits. The constant reversal of the piston travel sets up inertia forces, which increase both with the weight of the piston and with its speed. For this reason designers try to keep piston weight low, particularly in high-speed engines. 活塞，连同活塞环密封汽缸，并把气体的压力传递给连杆。活塞从气体吸收热量。假如要使金属的温度保持在安全限度以内，就必须散热。活塞行程的不断往复产生惯性力，此力随活塞的重量和及其速度而增大。为此，设计者设法使活塞造得轻些，特别是高速发动机。 In “uncooled” pistons, the heat absorbed by the piston top travels through the piston side-walls, then through the rings into the cylinder walls and finally to the jacket water surrounding the cylinder. In highly loaded engines, additional means of heat removal are necessary; this is accomplished by a liquid, generally oil. These are termed “cooled” pistons. 在无冷却的活塞中，活塞顶部吸收的热量通过活塞侧壁，再通过活塞环，传入汽缸壁，最后，传向包在汽缸周围的水套中的水里。在那些高负荷的发动机中，散热的附加措施是必要的。采用液体通常是油液进行冷却。这种活塞被称为“冷却”活塞。 The top section of a piston is called the crown and the lower section the skirt. . The shape of the top of the crown depends largely on the design of the combustion chamber. The crown section is usually thick, in order to withstand the gas pressure without distorting and to provide a good path for the heat flow from the upper surface of the crown to the rings. When running the piston diameter increases because of the increase in temperature. To take care of the greater expansion in the high-temperature zone, the crown is machined on a slight taper, the diameter being greatest where the crown meets the skirt and becoming less toward the top. 活塞的顶端部分称为活塞顶，下面部分称为活塞裙。顶部的形状主要取决于燃烧室的设计。为了承受气体压力而不变形，并让热流从活塞顶表面传向活塞环提供良好通道，活塞顶部通常很厚。在运行中，因为温度升高，活塞直径增大。考虑到高温区热膨胀较大，活塞顶部加工成低小锥形，即活塞顶部和活塞裙部交接处直径最大，愈向顶部直径愈小。 The crown carries the upper set of rings, which are the “compression”, or “power rings”. In most uncooled pistons, a division plate above the wristpin prevents lubricating oil from splashing against the hot under-surface of the crown. The amount of splashed oil would be insufficient to cool the piston; consequently, the oil would overheat and carbon deposits would form. 活塞顶部装有一组上活塞环，是压缩环或动力环。在多数不冷却活塞中，活塞销上的隔板防止机油飞溅到活塞顶下部的热表面。飞溅的机油量不足以冷却活塞，因此，机油就因过热而形成积碳。 The skirt of a trunk piston takes the side-thrust of the connecting rod and prevents the piston from rocking from side to side; it also carries the lower set of rings, which are the “oil-control” rings. Below the upper ring band, where heavy wall thickness is needed to carry the heat flow, the piston skirt becomes much thinner. The running clearance between the skirt and the cylinder wall must be small; therefore, it is important that the thin skirt should stay truly round. For this reason, interior ribs are used to stiffen the skirts of cast pistons. 筒状活塞的裙部承受连杆的侧向推力，并防止活塞从一侧向另一侧摆动，裙部也装有一组下活塞环，为机油控制环（油环）。活塞的上环带的下面，必须有足够的壁厚，以防止传热（携带热流），而活塞的裙部可薄一些（变得更薄。）活塞的裙部和汽缸壁之间的运行间隙很小，
材料专业英语常见词汇
材料专业英语常见词汇（一） Structure ['str?kt??]组织 Ceramic [si'r?mik]陶瓷 Ductility [d?k'til?ti] 塑性 Stiffness ['stifnis]刚度 Grain [ɡrein]晶粒 Phase [feiz]相 Unit cell 单胞 Bravais lattice 布拉菲['l?tis]布拉菲点阵 Stack [st?k]堆垛 Crystal ['krist?l] 晶体 Metallic crystal structure [mi't?lik, me-]金属性晶体点阵Non-directional [,n?ndi'rek??n?l, -dai-]无方向性 Face-centered cubic ['kju:bik]面心立方 Body-centered cubic 体心立方Hexagonal close-packed [hek's?ɡ?n?l]['kl?us'p?kt]密排六方Copper ['k?p?] 铜 Aluminum [?'lju:min?m]铝 Chromium ['kr?umj?m]铬 Tungsten ['t??st?n]钨 Crystallographic Plane [,krist?l?u'ɡr?fik][plein]晶面Crystallographic direction 晶向 Property ['pr?p?ti] 性质 Miller indices ['indisi:z]米勒指数 Lattice parameters ['l?tis][p?'r?mit?]点阵参数 Tetragonal [te'tr?ɡ?n?l]四方的 Hexagonal [hek's?ɡ?n?l]六方的 Orthorhombic [,?:θ?'r?mbik]正交的Rhombohedra [,r?mb?u'hi:dr?] 菱方的 Monoclinic [,m?n?u'klinik]单斜的 Prism ['prizm]棱镜 Cadmium ['k?dmi?m]镉 Coordinate system [k?u'?:dinit, k?u'?:dineit]坐标系Point defect ['di:fekt, di'f-, di'fekt]点缺陷Lattice ['l?tis]点阵 Vacancy ['veik?nsi]空位 Solidification [,s?lidifi'kei??n]结晶 Interstitial [,int?'sti??l]间隙 Substitution [,s?bsti'tju:??n]置换 Solid solution strengthening [s?'lju:??n]['stre?θ?n, 'stre?kθ?n] 固溶强化
公共管理英语课文翻译知识讲解
公共管理英语课文翻 译
Unit 10 The Largest Recipient of Foreign Capital引资第一大国 At the China Conference政治协商会上: The Year of Capital, held in Beijing on December 4, Shi Guangsheng石广生, Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Coo peration, said that in 2002, for the first time, China became the largest recipient接受者 of foreign direct investment (FDI)外商直接投资 in the world. He predicted that th is year's FDI in China would exceed $ 50 billion. 在12月4日于北京举行的“中国会议：资本年”上，外经贸部部长说，2002年中国第一次成为世界上吸收外国直接投资的“第一引资大国”。据他预计，中国今年利用外国直接投资将超过50 0亿美元。 Shi noted that this achievement has been accomplished through positive, rational 理性的 and effective measures for utilizing foreign capital利用外资, under an overal l situation of opening. 石广生表示：这一成就的取得是与全面开放的情况下，积极、理性及有效地利用国外投资分不开的。 China has maintained a strong momentum in utilizing foreign capital中国在利用外资过程中保持一种强劲的动力, while the FDI was declining globally然而，直接利用外资在全球正呈下降趋势. Latest statistics from the Ministry of Foreign Trad e and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC)对外贸易经济合作部的最新统计显示 sho w that by October 2002, the number of newly approved foreign-funded enterprises外资企业had reached 27,630, an increase of 35 percent over the same period of last yea r; contractual foreign capital hit契约性外资达 $ 75 billion, a rise of 36 percent: and a ctual use of foreign capital came to实际使用外资达 $ 44. 7 billion, up 20 percent. 中国在全球外资直接投资不断下降的情况下，中国依然保持着利用外资的强劲势头。外经贸的最新统计数据显示：到2002年10月，新批准设立的外商投资企业达27630家，比去年同期增长35%；合同外商投资金额达750亿美元，增长36%；实际外商投资447亿美元，增长了20%。 "According to the latest UN world investment report, China has 排名第一
公共管理专业英语第二单元课文翻译.
Lesson 2 The Managerial Approach to Public Administration 公共管理涉及一系列复杂的关系和函数。毫不奇怪，因此，作为一个学科或身体或理论，公共管理缺乏连贯性。公共管理包含三个比较明显的方法生长出不同的角度对其功能。有些人认为这是一个管理的努力，类似的做法在私人部门。其他人，强调“公共性”的公共管理，强调其政治方面。还有人指出，主权的重要性，宪法，并规定在公共管理，把它视为一个明显的法律问题。每个这些办法往往强调不同的价值，程序和结构安排的公共行政活动，每一个意见，市民在一个非常不同的方式，和各采用不同的角度对如何发展知识。进一步复杂的是，管理方法有2个亚群：传统（或传统）公共管理与当代改革故宫*。记住，这些做法是嵌入在我们的政治文化。它们反映了宪法权力分立和分配职能的不同分支。管理方法与行政机构的利益，忠实执行或执行法律。政治态度与立法决策问题。法律方法侧重于政府的审判职能，致力于维护宪法权利和法治。 一旦我们已经提出的依据这三个广泛的办法，广泛的管理，我们将完成我们的定义的讨论。我们可以把一个如何解释每个人提出的各种活动的当代公共管理。 公共行政的管理办法 那些定义公共行政管理方面，以高效率的方法它往往以尽量减少之间的公共和私人管理的区别。在他们看来，公共管理基本上是一样的大企业，应当是按照同样的管理原则和价值观。这一观点根深蒂固的某些部分的美国社会，是经常发现在选修的政治领袖，往往对政治的影响行使公务员*这是不寻常的总统选举的候选人不强调所谓的能力，“管理”的联邦官僚机构并使其更有效和经济。州长和市长候选人经常吹嘘他们的管理技能以及*。 今天，那些谁看公共行政管理分为2组。传统主义者所取代正在改革者呼吁“重塑政府“发展”。故宫是取代传统的方法在几个联邦机构，国家和地方政府。它也很强，在其他一些国家，包括英国，澳大利亚，新西兰，和斯堪的纳维亚国家。然而，今天的公共管理学生应该熟悉。每一个在一些组织和司法管辖区。 传统的管理办法，公共管理 根的传统管理方式回到19世纪公务员改革者谁首先促进方法为手段的公共服务组织。改革者的主诉，政治任命的公共服务在各级政府领导的腐败，效率低下，并出现一类政治家——“spoilsmen *，“因为他们经常被称为——谁是根本不适合领导这个国家。一个著名的历史学家1850坚持联邦服
讲义专业英语1
专业英语讲义 教材：电气信息类专业英语 王群主编 适用专业：电气工程 主讲教师：邓秋玲
一主讲内容 第１章专业英语的文体特点（１学时） 第２章专业英语翻译（１学时） 第３章专业英语文献及其检索和阅读（１学时） 第４章专业英语论文组织和写作（１学时） 第５章专业英语阅读材料（２０学时） 二参考教材 １电气工程及其自动化专业英语戴文进主编者电子工业出版社２电气自动化专业英语李久胜主编．哈尔滨工业大学出版社３科技英语保清主编．中国农业机械出版社．１９８６
Chapter one Literary Feature of Specialized English 1.1 Introduction 1 Purpose: To study specialized English aims at training students’comprehension and application ablity to specialized English, and letting them to grasp some requisite specialized terms for speciality reading.basic skill and knowledges. thereby they can acquire the newest specialized knowledge(expertise) for science and technology. information data and other information relative to speciality by means of English, and positively take part in international interflow course of science and technology. 2 The definition of specialized English [1]:I n general speaking, English can be divided into two classes,one is common English or general English or ordinary English and English for science and technology,the other Specialized English or English for special [2]The relation of English for science and technology and specialized English 1.2 lexical characteristic As the developing of English,old vocabularies eliminate gradually while new ones spring up constantly. 1.2.1lexical classification 1 special technical words such as diode,substation. 2 special sub-technical words special sub-technical words are words used in common by many specialities and subjects while they have different meanings/connotations in different specialities and subjects such as power, condenser. 3 non-technical words used in common English.
零基础自学英语资料汇总(一)
零基础自学英语资料汇总(一) 新概念英语第一册学习资料免费下载：vickey新概念英语 新概念英语第一册视频免费下载：vickey新概念英语视频从零开始学语法：英语中的八种词性 Words are used to form patterns of English grammar and syntax. Each word falls into one of eight categories referred to as parts of speech. Here are the eight commonly recognized parts of speech. 英语的语法和句法中也会形成词的类型。每个词都会被归为八类中的一类，这里我们要讲的就是英语中八类最常见的词性。 Certain words have further categorization such as: adverbs of frequency: always, sometimes, often, etc. or determiners: this, that, these, those . However, the basic categorization of words in English fall into these eight categories. 具体的词还会有更进一步的分类，比如always(总是), sometimes(有时), often(经常)等等这些被叫做频率副词，还有this(这个), that(那个), these(这些), those(那些)被叫做限定词，不过基本的英语词类还是有这八类的。 The Eight Parts of Speech 八种词类 Noun 名词
社会工作专业英语_参考资料
what is social work? “The social work profession专业promotes促进social change, problem-solving in human relationships, and the empowerment许可，授权 and liberation释放，解放 of people to enhance 提高，加强well-being幸福，幸福感，福利. Utilising使用，利用theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes干预，介入at points在点where people interact with与相互作用their environments. Principles原则of human rights人权and social justice司法 are fundamental to对~是必要的social work.” Nature of the Work Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve people lives. Social workers help people function（动词）运行 the best way they can in their environment, deal with their relationships, and solve personal and family problems. Social workers often see看见，理解clients案主who face a life-threatening重度，致命的disease疾病or a social problem, such as inadequate不足的housing, unemployment, a serious illness, a disability残疾，丧失能力的, or substance abuse药物滥用. Social workers also assist帮助families that have serious domestic家庭的 conflicts冲突, sometimes involving child or spousal abuse虐待配偶. Social workers often provide social services in health-related settings设置that now are governed管理，支配by managed care管理式医疗organizations. To contain含，控制costs, these organizations emphasize强调，注重short-term intervention介入，干预, ambulatory流动的，非固定的and community-based社区的care, and greater decentralization分散of services. Most social workers specialize专门从事，专业化. Although some conduct research进行研究，进行调研工作or are involved in planning or policy development, most social workers prefer an area of practice in which they interact with与相互作用 clients. Child, family, and school social workers provide social services and assistance帮助to improve the social and psychological functioning心理机能，心理功能of children and their families and to maximize取最大值，最大化 the family well-being and academic学术的，理论的 functioning of children. Some social workers assist single parents, arrange adoptions领养, or help find foster homes寄养家庭 for neglected被忽视的, abandoned被抛弃的, or abused被虐待children. In schools, they address从事，忙于such problems as teenage pregnancy怀孕, misbehavior品行不端, and truancy旷课，逃学 and advise teachers on how to cope with处理，应付 problem students. Increasingly逐渐的, school social workers are teaching workshops研习会，讲习班to an entire整个的class. Some social workers specialize in专门研究，专攻services for senior citizens老人（尤指退休者）, running流动的，连续的 support groups支持小组for family caregivers照顾着，看护人or for the adult children of aging成年parents, advising elderly老年的people or family members about choices in areas such as housing, transportation, and long-term care长期护理，长期医疗, and coordinating协调 and monitoring 监督 these services. Through employee雇员 assistance帮助 programs, they may help workers
公共管理学专业英语词汇整理
公共管理学专业英语词汇 目标mission/ objective 内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 集体目标group objective 计划planning 组织organizing 人事staffing 领导leading 控制controlling 步骤process 原理principle 方法technique 经理manager 总经理general manager 行政人员administrator 主管人员supervisor 企业enterprise 商业business 产业industry 公司company 效果effectiveness 效率efficiency 企业家entrepreneur 权利power 职权authority 职责responsibility 科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science 生产率productivity 激励motivate 动机motive 法律law 法规regulation 经济体系economic system 管理职能managerial function 产品product 服务service 利润profit 满意satisfaction 归属affiliation 尊敬esteem 自我实现self-actualization 人力投入human input 盈余surplus 收入income 成本cost 资本货物capital goods 机器machinery 设备equipment 建筑building 存货inventory 经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach 集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory
高教自学考试英语资料
07年高教自学考试英语二串讲资料（一） 备考书目推荐： 一、教材 《大学英语自学教程（下册）》主编：高远高等教育出版社 二、辅助教材 1.《考前语法突破》曲航编著北京航空航天大学出版社 2.《大纲词汇一本通》胥国红曲航李筱筝编著北京航空航天大学出版社 3.《大学英语自学教程（下册）自学与自测》主编：高远北京航空航天大学出版社 备考建议： 1.巧记单词：利用零散的时间，频繁反复地记忆单词； 2. 重视教材：尤其是课文中含有语法要点的句子，以及书后习题和语法讲解中的例句； 3. 学会总结：错误经常出现在哪里，错误的原因，避免同类错误的再次出现； 4. 肯定自己：看到自己的进步，相信自己能做得更好。 “切记”避免焦躁。此类情绪对于学习和考试只会产生负面影响。 一、历年习题按语法总结 1. 动词 ――――谓语动词的时态和语态，非谓语动词，虚拟语气 1. Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man‘s bed； he __________ heavily. A. must have drunk B. must drink C. should drink D. had to drink 2. __________ home， she found that she had left the key at the office. A. To have arrived B. To arrive C. While arriving D. Arriving 3.In deciding __________ a course of action， the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.
材料专业英语常见词汇
材料专业英语常见词汇（一Structure 组织Ceramic 陶瓷Ductility 塑性Stiffness 刚度Grain 晶粒Phase 相Unit cell 单胞Bravais lattice 布拉菲点阵Stack 堆垛Crystal 晶体Metallic crystal structure 金属性晶体点阵 Non-directional 无方向性Face-centered cubic 面心立方 Body-centered cubic 体心立方 Hexagonal close-packed 密排六方 Copper 铜Aluminum 铝Chromium 铬 Tungsten 钨Crystallographic Plane 晶面 Crystallographic direction 晶向 Property 性质 Miller indices 米勒指数Lattice parameters 点阵参数Tetragonal 四方的Hexagonal 六方的Orthorhombic 正交的Rhombohedra 菱方的Monoclinic 单斜的Prism 棱镜Cadmium 镉 Coordinate system 坐Point defec点缺陷 Lattice 点阵 Vacancy 空位Solidification 结晶Interstitial 间隙Substitution 置换Solid solution strengthening 固溶强化Diffusion 扩散Homogeneous 均匀的Diffusion Mechanisms 扩散机制Lattice distortion 点阵畸变Self-diffusion 自扩散Fick’s First Law菲克第一定律 Unit time 单位时间Coefficient 系数Concentration gradient 浓度梯度Dislocations 位错Linear defect 线缺陷Screw dislocation 螺型位错Edge dislocation 刃型位错Vector 矢量Loop 环路Burgers’vector柏氏矢量Perpendicular 垂直于Surface defect 面缺陷Grain boundary 晶界Twin boundary 晶界 Shear force 剪应力Deformation 变形Small ( or low) angel grain boundary 小角度晶界Tilt boundary 倾斜晶界Supercooled 过冷的Solidification 凝固Ordering process 有序化过程Crystallinity 结晶度Microstructure 纤维组织Term 术语Phase Diagram 相图Equilibrium 平衡Melt 熔化Cast 浇注Crystallization 结晶Binary Isomorphous Systems 二元匀晶相图Soluble 溶解Phase Present 存在相Locate 确定Tie line 连接线Isotherm 等温线Concentration 浓度Intersection 交点The Lever Law 杠杆定律Binary Eutectic System 二元共晶相图Solvus Line 溶解线Invariant 恒定Isotherm 恒温线Cast Iron 铸铁Ferrite 珠光体Polymorphic transformation 多晶体转变Austenite 奥氏体Revert 回复Intermediate compound 中间化合物Cementite 渗碳体Vertical 垂线Nonmagnetic 无磁性的Solubility 溶解度Brittle 易脆的Eutectic 共晶Eutectoid invariant point 共析点Phase transformation 相变Allotropic 同素异形体Recrystallization 再结晶Metastable 亚稳的Martensitic transformation 马氏体转变Lamellae 薄片Simultaneously 同时存在Pearlite 珠光体Ductile 可塑的Mechanically 机械性能Hypo eutectoid 过共析的Particle 颗粒Matrix 基体Proeutectoid 先共析Hypereutectoid 亚共析的Bainite 贝氏体Martensite 马氏体Linearity 线性的Stress-strain curve 应力-应变曲线Proportional limit 比例极限Tensile strength 抗拉强度Ductility 延展性Percent reduction in area 断面收缩率Hardness 硬度Modulus of Elasticity 弹性模量Tolerance 公差Rub 摩擦Wear 磨损Corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀性Aluminum 铝Zinc 锌Iron ore 铁矿Blast furnace 高炉Coke 焦炭Limestone 石灰石Slag 熔渣Pig iron 生铁Ladle 钢水包Silicon 硅Sulphur 硫Wrought 可锻的Graphite 石墨Flaky 片状Low-carbon steels 低碳钢Case hardening 表面硬化Medium-carbon steels 中碳钢Electrode 电极As a rule 通常Preheating 预热Quench 淬火Body-centered lattice 体心晶格
公共管理英语(修订版)-顾建光-全文翻译Unit-
公共管理英语(修订版)-顾建光-全文翻译Unit-
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Why Public Management Reform? 为什么要进行公共管理改革？ Public management reform is usually thought of as a means to an end, not an end in itself. 公共管理改革通常被认为是一种达到目的的手段，而并非目的本身。To be more precise we should perhaps say that it potentially a means to multiple ends. 更准确说，我们可以认为它是一种潜在地达到多种目的的手段。These include making saving (economies) in public expenditure, improving the quality of public services, making the operation of government more efficient, and increasing the chances that the policies which are chosen and implemented will be effective. 这些目的包括：节约公共开支（经济），提高公共服务的质量，使政府的运作更加有效，增加被选用的和实施的政策变得有效的机会。On the way to achieving these important objectives, public management reform may also serve a number of intermediate ends, including those of strengthening the control of politicians over the bureaucracy, freeing public officials1from bureaucratic constrains which inhibit their opportunities to manage and enhance the government’s accountability to the legislature and the citizenry for its policies and programs. 在实现这些重要目标的同时，公共管理改革还可能为一系列中间目标提供服务，包括强化政治家对官僚的控制和把公务员从官僚政治的束缚中解放出来，这些束缚阻碍了他们在政策和计划实施中管理和提升政府对立法部门和公民所负责任的机会。Last, but not least, one should mention the symbolic and legitimacy benefits of management reform. 最后，但并非最不重要的是，我们还应该注意公共管理改革的象征性与合法性意义。For politicians these benefits consist partly of being seem to be doing something. 这些好处对于政治家而言，至少可被人们认为他们正在有所作为。Announcing reforms, criticizing bureaucracy, praising new management techniques, promising 1公务员、国家公职人员、政府官员