必修一unit3traveljournal学习知识点及语法详解

Unit 3. Travel journal课堂讲解

一、知识讲授

1、Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train?

sth. 更喜欢…

(sb.) to do sth. 更喜欢（某人）做…

prefer that（should）+动词原形…更喜欢…

sth./doing...to sth./doing…与…相比更喜欢…；宁愿…，不愿…

to do...rather than do…宁可…也不…

eg：翻译：

比起鱼我更喜欢肉。

比起表演我更喜欢唱歌

He prefers to stay at home rather than go shopping.

2、Then she persuade me to buy one.

(1)、说服; 劝服;

sb 说服某人

persuade sb. (not) to do sth.

sb. into / out of doing sth.

eg：我劝他好好学习。

我劝他不要玩电脑游戏。

（2）、使相信，使信服

persuade sb that …使某人相信…

eg：他使我相信了这个事实

【注意】如果“劝说”不服, 不能直接用persuade, 而应用try to persuade sb to do 或advise sb to do, 或者用persuade的否定式。

3、After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.

【辨析】finally, at last与in the end

4、Although she didn’t know the best way of getting get to places, she insisted

that she organize the trip properly.

(1)、although, though引导让步状语从句不能再和but, and, however连用, 但可以

和副词yet, still连用。although从句多放在句首, though从句可在主句前，中，后任何位置，而且though可以作副词用于句末，作“但是，不过”讲，而although 无此用法。

翻译：尽管他学习成绩好，但是他从来不骄傲。

【随堂练习】

______ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.

A. Since

B. Unless

C. As

D. Although

（2）、insist v.坚持认为，坚持主张

on/upon one’s doing sth 坚持做,坚决做

that +从句“坚持说”(后表示一个事实), 后接的从句用陈述语气,按insist 需要选择时态

that sb (should) do sth 坚决主张做某事, 后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语

气, 即“should +v.”

eg：I insisted on/upon his coming with us.

他坚持自己没有偷她的包。

他坚持自己被释放。

【随堂练习】

1、The doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I a rest for a

few days.

A. had; had

B. have; have

C. had; have

D. have; had

2、The man insisted a taxi for me even if/though I told him I lived nearby.

A. find

B. to find

C. on finding

D. in finding

5、My sister doesn’t care about details.

care about 忧虑；担心；惦念；在意

care for 喜欢；照料；照顾（=take care of=look after)

eg：她不在乎金钱。

我可以很好地照顾自己。

6、She gave me a determined look –the kind that she wouldn’t change her mind.

（1）、determine v. 决定, 下定决心, 确定

①determine to do sth. =make up one’s mind 下定决心

eg：He determined to learn French.

②be determined to do sth. 决心做

eg：She was determined to go to university.

（2）、change one’s mind 改变某人的主意

eg：No matter what you say, I won’t change my mind.

翻译：我下定决定要努力学习提高英语。

她改变的主意决定去国外留学。

7、When I told her the air would be hard to breath and it would be very cold…

主语+ be + adj.+ to do sth. 是一常用句式既不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。这一结构中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的，接不定式时, 不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语, 主动用to do, 被动用to be done;也可以接从句。这类形容词有surprised, moved, disappointed, pleased, happy, sad, delighted, sorry, interested, glad, worried, etc.此句型可以转换成“It + be + adj + to do sth.”结构。

eg：The problem is really hard to work out.

= It is really hard to work out the problem.

8、Finally, I had to give in.

(1)、give in (to sb./sth.) 屈服于, 让步, 递交

eg：他不得不屈服于我的主意。

（2）、give in (sth. to sb.) 上交

eg：请把试卷交给老师。

【拓展】give up 放弃, 认输give out 筋疲力尽；分配give away 捐赠, 泄露

9、It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western

Yunnan Province.

【辨析】across，through与over

across表示从一定范围的一边到另一边或事物交叉位置,“横穿, 横跨”表面, 含义与on 有关

through 表达两边穿过或穿过空间内部, 含义与in 有关

over表示“越过”是指越过较高的物体从一侧到另一侧

eg: The new railway winds its way to Hong Kong, over mountains across tunnels and through rivers.

10、To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were

surprised by the view.

(1)、景色，风景

eg：The room has a fine view of the mountains. (2)、视野，视线

eg：The plane soon went out of view.

(3)、看法，见解，态度（多用于复数）

in one’s view 在某人看来

one’s view(s) on/about sth 某人关于某事的看法、见解【辨析】view ,scene, sight 与seenery

语法精讲

The present continuous tense to express future actions

（现在进行时表示将来）

知识精讲

（一）现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作或状态，由am /is /are + doing 构成。（二）现在进行时的基本用法：

1. 表示现在（说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。

例：

We are having an English class. 我们在上英语课。

2. 表示现阶段暂时的或正在进行的情况，说话时动作未必正在进行。

例：

They are saving money to buy a new car recently.

最近他们正在攒钱买车。

3. 表示发展中的或正在改变的情况，常用的动词有get, grow, become,

turn, run, go, begin等。

例：

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It’s getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩（赞成、讨厌、生气等情绪）。

例：

He is constantly disturbing me while I am working.

我工作的时候他老是打扰我。

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

即学即用：

（1）The traffic in our city is already good and it _____ even better.

A. gets

B. got

C. has got

D. is getting

（2）—What’s the matter? —The shoes don’t fit properly. They _____ my feet.

A. are hurting

B. will hurt

C. have hurt

D. are hurt

（3）She ___ when I go to see her.

A. is always working

B. always worked

C. has always worked

D. was always working

过去进行时

结构为：was/were + doing

1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的状态或动作，这一过去时间须用时间状语来表示。

例：

He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

他昨天一整天都在准备他的讲座。

2. 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。

例：

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.

我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。

3. 过去进行时可以表示过去将来的动作。

例：

He said she was arriving the next day.

他说她第二天就到。

即学即用：

I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother ______ on the phone all the time!

A. was talking

B. has been talking

C. has talked

D. talked

单纯表将来的一般将来时有多种表示方法：

1. shall/ will +do

shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

例：

The building will be finished next month.

这座大楼将于下个月竣工。

Will you post this letter for me, please？

请您帮我把这封信寄出去行吗？

注意：will 的特殊用法

（1）The light is on . I will turn it off . ( 表临时性的决定)

（2）I will check this letter for you if you want. （表愿意或不愿意）

你要想让我给你查查这封信，我就给你查查。

即学即用：

—How can I apply for an online course?

—Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.

A. see

B. are seeing

C. have seen

D. will see

答案：D

2. be going to

（1）现在的打算、意图，即将做某事。

例：

I’m going to cut this tree down. 我打算把这棵树砍倒.

（2）表示最近、未来的计划或安排将要发生

例：

The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

（3）有迹象要发生的事。

例：

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

看那乌云，快要下雨了。

即学即用：

Look at the black clouds. It ___soon.

A. is raining

B. is to rain

C. will rain

D. is going to rain

答案：D

3. be to do 按计划或正式安排将要发生的动作或表示命令、禁止，具有“必要”的强制性意义。

例：

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

You are to finish your work in four days.

你必须四天之内完成工作。

4. be about to 意为马上做某事，刚要，正要（表示非常近的将来）不能与tomorrow 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。

例：

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so.

我正要去游泳，这时向导大声叫我不要去。

The present continuous tense to express future actions

（现在进行时表示将来）

现在进行时除了表示正在进行的目前的或暂时的情况外，还可以表示将来时态。用现在进行时表示将来, 指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作；含义是“预定要……。谓语通常为瞬间性的动词如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, meet, get 等.

例：

My plane is taking off at 9:20, so I must be at the airport by 8:30.

我乘坐的飞机将于9:20分起飞, 所以我必须在8:30之前赶到机场。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

【典型例题】

1. I’m glad you’ve come, Miss Rose; I ____ you, but you’ve saved me the trouble now.

A. am going to call

B. was about to call

C. had called

D. am to call

2. —The Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei is here already.

—I ____ he ____ until tomorrow.

A. think; is coming

B. thought; would come

C. didn’t think; was coming

D. don’t think; will come

3. The couple ____. I really don’t know why.

A. always quarrel

B. are always quarreling

C. have always quarreled

D. have always been quarreled

4. My money____. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.

A. has run out

B. is running out

C. has been run out

D. is being run out

5. —I thought I asked you to fix the radio.

—Oh, I’m sorry. Mother, I ____ it right now.

A. am to do

B. will do

C. was about to do

D. am going to do

6. The harder you ____, the greater progress you ____.

A. will study; will make

B. study; will make

C. study; make

D. will study; make

7. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.

—Impossible. She TV with me in my home then.

A. watched

B. had watched

C. would watch

D. was watching

8. I can guess you were in a hurry. You your sweater inside out .

A. had worn

B. are wearing

C. were having on

D. were dressing

9. The plane _____ at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.

A. has left

B. is to leave

C. will have left

D. leaves

10. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_________ so rapidly.

A. is changing

B. has changed

C. will have changed

D. will change

答案：BCBBB BDBDA

高中英语必修五笔记文章知识点

Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/202301680.html,pare A with B 与…比

高中英语必修一Unit 课文及课文语法填空

B O O K1U N I T 1 Anne’s best friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feeling and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through. Anne Frank want the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ .Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. They hid away for twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. But I want this diary itself to be my best friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty. Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open the window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The d ark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I‘d seen the night face to face…. Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty w indow. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer, because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Y r A e 一、阅读课文完成填空：

生物必修一知识点总结全

第五章细胞的能量供应和利用 第一节降低反应活化能的酶 1、细胞代谢：细胞内每时每刻进行着许多化学反应，统称为细胞代谢. 2、活化能：分子从常态转变为容易发生化学反应的活跃状态所需要的能量。 3、酶的作用：催化作用 4、使化学反应加快的方法： 加热：通过提高分子的能量来加快反应速度； 加催化剂：通过降低化学反应的活化能来加快反应速度；同无机催化相比，酶能更显著地降低化学反应的活化能，因而催化效率更高。 5、酶的概念：酶是活细胞产生的具有催化作用的有机物，绝大多数是蛋白质， 少数是RNA。 6、酶的特性：高效性：酶的催化效率是无机催化剂的107－1013 倍 专一性：每一种酶只能催化一种或一类化学反应 酶的作用条件较温和：酶在最适宜的温度和PH条件下，活性最高。7、影响酶促反应的因素 （1）酶浓度对酶促反应的影响：酶促反应的速率与酶浓度成正比，如图1 所示。 图一图二 图1 图2 （2）底物浓度对酶促反应的影响：刚开始反应速度随底物浓度增加而加快,之 后再增加底物浓度，反应速率也几乎不变，如图2所示。 （3）pH值对酶促反应影响：刚开始反应速度随着pH值升高而加快，达到最 大值后反应速度随着pH值升高而下降。反应速率最大时的pH值称为这种酶的最适pH 值。如图3所示。 图三图四 图3 图4 （4）温度对酶促反应的影响：刚开始反应速率随温度的升高而加快；但当温度高到一定限度时，反应速率随着温度的升高而下降，最终，酶因高温使空间结构遭到破坏失去活性，失去了催化能力。如图4所示。

8、实验：比较过氧化氢在不同条件下的分解 比较过氧化氢酶在不同条件下的分解 （1）实验分析：1号与2号比较自变量为水浴加热，1号与3号、4号比较自变量为3号加入三氯化铁、4号加入肝脏研磨液(即催化剂种类) （2）实验结论：酶具有催化作用，并且催化效率要比无机催化剂Fe3+高得多 （3）控制变量：自变量（实验中人为控制改变的变量） 因变量（随自变量而变化的变量）、 无关变量（除自变量外，实验过程中还会存在一些可变因素，对实验 结果造成影响）。 （4）对照实验：除一个因素外，其余因素都保持不变的实验。 第二节细胞的能量“通货”——ATP 1、ATP：是细胞内的一种高能磷酸化合物，中文名称叫做三磷酸腺苷 2、结构简式:A-P～P～P其中A代表腺苷，P代表磷酸基团～代表高能磷酸键 3、ATP和ADP之间的相互转化 4、ADP转化为ATP所需能量来源：动物和人：呼吸作用。 绿色植物：呼吸作用、光合作用 5、ATP的功能：（1）直接给细胞生命活动提供能量（即直接能源）

人教版高一英语必修一Unit1知识点详解

高一英语必修1 Unit 1 Friendship Part 1. Warming up 1.介词不同，含义有别： be good to sb./sth. 对… 好be good for sb./sth. 对… 有好处 be good at (doing) sth. 擅长，精通be good with sb./sth. 善于应付… 的 eg. She was very good to me when I was ill. Doing morning exercises is good for health. Tim is good at speaking English. He is very good with children. 他对孩子很有一套。 2.add up 合计，把…加起来add up to 合计达到… add to 增加，增添add A to B 把…加进…里面，把…和…相加 eg. Please add these figures up. These figures add up to 900. The bad weather added to our difficulities. Please add some salt to the water. Add three to four and you get seven. ▲ add vt. 补充说（后接that从句或者直接引语） eg. He added that they would return in a week. “And don’t be late,”she added. 3.point n.点，要点，观点，意义，得分v.指着 be on the point of doing sth. when......=be about to do sht. when....正要做某事，这时...... There is no point (in) doing sth. 没有必要（意义）做某事 4. until与not … until until表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到……为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性动作的动词连用。 not … until表示“到……为止；直到……才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。 eg. He lived with his parents until he graduated from college. The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight. 5. finish sth./doing sth. 后跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语还有：admit, appreciate, avoid，consider，delay, enjoy，escape, feel like, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine，mind, miss（错过）, practice, suggest, risk，can't stand（不能忍受）, can’t help (忍不住），give up, put off等。 help sb.(to) do sth. There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃脱做这项工作。 We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。 He put off paying the bills 6. get sth. done 使某事被做( get做使役动词，“使、叫、让”后接复合宾语) eg. When are you going to get your hair cut? I must get my homework finished first before going out to play. He got his foot hurt while playing football. ▲get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事eg. I will get him to do the work. ▲get sb./sth. doing…使某人或者某物开始…起来eg. Let me try now. I will get the car going. ▲get + n. + adj. 使… 成为某种状态eg. Get everything ready. ★联想：have sth. done 使某事被做 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

高中英语必修五Unit1知识点

必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 1.explain（vt.）解释;说明;阐明 sth. to sb. Please explain this rule to me. explain + that从句He explained that he had been cheated. +wh- Can you explain how the machine operates? 2.characteristic n. 特征；特性 e.g. Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj.独特的 e.g. I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. 短语：be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性 e.g. Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 3. put forward 提出（建议等）；提名; 提前，把时钟往前拨 e.g. He put forward a new plan. [归纳拓展] put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put on 穿上 put away 收好put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴 选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out） ①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful. ②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road. ③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center. ④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day. ⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow wha t can be done today. 2.draw a conclusion得出结论 1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论 短语：come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后 e.g. I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定 to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up) e.g. To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us. 4. expert 1）n.专家，能手 an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert 2）adj.熟练的，有专门技术的 be expert in/at sth 精通…… doing sth. an expert job需要专门知识的工作 e.g. He is expert in / at cooking. 5.attend vt. & vi. 参加，注意，照料 1）attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting 2）attend to (on)伺候, 照顾，看护 e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 3）attend to处理，注意倾听 e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 1）暴露expose sb/ sth to sth e.g. He exposes his skin to the sun. 2）揭露 e.g.He

人教版高中英语必修一 Unit1_Reading课文语法填空 Word版含答案

Unit 1 Reading课文语法填空 Anne’s Best Friend 一、语法填空(根据课文内容、依据语法规则完成下面短文） Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish 1________ they had to hide or they would be 2________ (catch) by the German Nazis. Du ring that time she wasn’t able to go 3________ (outdoor) for so long that she had grown so crazy about everything 4________ (do) with nature. One evening, she stayed 5________ (wake) on purpose to have a good look at the moon by herself, but she didn’t dare open a window. Another time she happened to be upstairs at dusk 6________ the window was open. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held her 7________ (entire) in their power. It was the first time in a year and a half that she 8________ (see) the night face to face. Anne felt very lonely without seeing her old friends, so she had to make 9________ new friend, her diary Kitty, whom she could tell everything to. 10________ (sad), at last, her family was discovered and caught by the German Nazis.

人教版高中生物必修一知识点总结48126

新教材高中生物必修一知识点总结 看完一个知识点之后一定要到新学案上找相关练习之后才能真正掌握 第一章走近细胞 第一节从生物圈到细胞 知识梳理: 1病毒没有细胞结构，由蛋白质和核酸组成,但必须依赖（活细胞)才能生存。单细胞生物的生命活动依赖单个细胞就能完成摄食、运动、生殖等各项生命活动（不能完成反射，反射需要多个细胞的参与)。多细胞生物依赖各种分化了的细胞密切配合完成各项生命活动，生命活动如生长、发育、生殖遗传变异生命活动调节。 2生命活动离不开细胞,细胞是生物体结构和功能的(基本单位)。 3生命系统的结构层次：(细胞)、(组织)、(器官）、（系统)、(个体）、(种群)（群落)、（生态系统)、(生物圈）。每个层次都要能辨别，做几个练习去巩固，下面是一些特例 4血液属于（组织）层次,皮肤属于（器官）层次。5植物没有（系统)层次,单细胞生物既可化做（个体)层次，又可化做(细胞)层次。6地球上最基本的生命系统是(细胞)。最大的生命系统是生物圈 第二节细胞的多样性和统一性 知识梳理： 一、高倍镜的使用步骤(尤其要注意第１和第４步）１．在低倍镜下找到物象，将物象移至(视野中央), 2.转动(转换器),换上高倍镜。３。调节（光圈)和(反光镜）,使视野亮度适宜。4.调节（细准焦螺旋)，使物象清晰。 二、显微镜使用常识 １调亮视野的两种方法（放大光圈)、（使用凹面镜）。２高倍镜：物象（大）,视野(暗)，看到细胞数目(少）。 低倍镜:物象（小）,视野(亮）,看到的细胞数目（多）。3物镜:（有)螺纹,镜筒越（长),放大倍数越大。 目镜：（无）螺纹,镜筒越(短），放大倍数越大。4会判断低倍到高倍镜下细胞数目的计算?(新学案） 5学会移动载玻片？(新学案）。6目镜(1０Ｘ)的放大倍数乘物镜放大倍数(1０Ｘ)等于放大倍数（1０0） 三、原核生物与真核生物主要类群:（要知道一些原核生物 原核生物：蓝藻，含有（叶绿素）和(藻蓝素）,可进行光合作用。细菌：能判断哪些生物属于细菌新学案上讲的更详细（球菌，杆菌，螺旋菌，乳酸菌)放线菌:(链霉菌）支原体，衣原体,立克次氏体 真核生物：动物、植物、真菌：（青霉菌,酵母菌，蘑菇)等 四、细胞学说１创立者：（施莱登,施旺） 2内容要点:共三点。1.新细胞可以从老细胞中产生2.一切动植物都由细胞发育而来，并由细胞和细胞产物所构成。3．细胞是一个相对独立的单位，既有他自己的生命，又对与其他细胞共同组成的整体的生命起作用。 ３揭示问题:揭示了（细胞统一性，和生物体结构的统一性）。 五、真核细胞和原核细胞的比较(表略,见笔记) 第二章组成细胞的元素和化合物第一节细胞中的元素和化合物 知识梳理：统一性:元素种类大体相同,不同生物间元素种类相同，但含量差别很大 １、生物界与非生物界差异性:元素含量有差异 ２.组成细胞的元素能判断大量元素有哪些？微量元素有哪些?主要元素有哪些?等等 大量元素:C、Ｈ、O、N、P、Ｓ、Ｋ、Ca、Mg微量元素:Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、B、Mｏ主要元素:C、Ｈ、O、N、P、Ｓ含量最高的四种元素：Ｃ、Ｈ、O、N基本元素:C（干重下含量最高）质量分数最大的元素：O（鲜重下含量最高）数量（个数)最多的是H 3组成细胞的化合物 无机化合物水(鲜重含量最高的化合物)无机盐, 有机化合物糖类脂质蛋白质（干重中含量最高的化合物)核酸、 4检测生物组织中糖类、脂肪和蛋白质 （1)还原糖的检测和观察常用材料:苹果和梨试剂：斐林试剂(甲液：0.1g/ｍl的NaOH乙液:0.０5g/ml的CuSO4)

高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)

定语从句（1） 概念引入： She is the girl who sings best of all. 她是所有人中唱得最好的。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 Give me the book whose cover is green. 把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。 定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。 语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一P1】， 定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？ The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good. 他前天买的那本书很棒。 He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。 Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。 其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football. （who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语） There is still much homework which we must finish. （which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语） 关系代词引导的定语从句 I. who和whom 1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。The girl who is singing is my best friend. 正在唱歌的女孩是我最好的朋友。 （who代替先行词the girl在从句中作主语） His friend who works as a doctor is very interesting. 他那当医生的朋友很有趣。

人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解

人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解 Units 1-2 1. doubt doubt是高考中的高频考查词汇。doubt可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：①作动词时， 若为肯定句，后跟宾语从句,通常用if/whether引导，若为否定句，则通常用that引导。 ②doubt作名词时，通常用于There is no doubt that ...(毫无疑问）结构。2010年高考对doubt的考查还将集中 在其后跟从句时连接词的选择上，也有可能将doubt与其他动词或名词放在一起进行词义辨析。 2. expose expose是新课标要求掌握的单词，应重点掌握它的义项及常见用法，特别是be exposed to 句式，其中to为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时注意exposed to作后置定语和用于句首作状语的用法。另外，being exposed to结构用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考查。 预测2010年命题方向为exposed to 作状语和定语的用法。 3. absorb absorb是新课标重点单词，重点掌握其“吸收（液体，热）；吸收，理解（知识）”的词义及其be absorbed in(全神贯注于……)的用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能掌握be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联系be engaged in, be devoted to, be involved in和be lost in等常见重点近义短语。 4. apart from apart from是常见介词短语，意为“除……之外”，考生应熟练掌握近义的词和短语：except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。预测2010年高考会在单项填空题中直接考查或者会出现 在阅读理解题中。 5. available available是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地的模拟考试中出现的频率极高，主要考点为：①词义(可得到的，可用的)。命题形式常为形容词词义辨析，如区分accessible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。②用法。be available to意为“可利用的”，be available for意为“使……可以享受某物;使……买得起某物”, 要了解二者的区别。 预测2010年高考命题会以考查词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。 6. consist of consist of是近几年高考高频考查短语。①理解其词义“组成，构成”。②考查与其他近义词组的用法异同点。 如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be formed of 等。考生要特别注意consist of要用主动形式表达， 不用系表结构。预测这一考点将成为2010年高考考查的重点，特别是用consisting of 作后置定语。 7. break down 由break构成的动词短语是历年高考命题的重点。考生必须明确break down的几个常见义项，根据不同的语 境加以判断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们的常见义项，因为 命题时可能会对该短语直接考查，也可在短文中考查对其意义的理解。 8. only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成部分倒装 这是考生必须熟练掌握的句式之一，以往的高考题中已多次考查到。倒装句式有多种情况，该句式为日常交 际中较常见的一种。特别提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。 预测该句式是2010年高考命题考查的重点。 重要词汇拓展 Unit 1 Great scientists 1. ____ n. 特征；特性 2. _____ vt.&vi. 结束；推断出→______ n. 结论 3. _____ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 4. ______ vt. 参加；出席；照顾；护理→_____ n. 参加；出席；侍从；看护 5. _____ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光→_____ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭发 6. _____ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈→______adj.可治愈的 ______ vt.& n. 控制；支配 8. _____ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心→______adj. 被吸收的；全神贯注的 9. _____ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance 5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb；absorbed 9. severe 10. _____ vt. 宣布；通告→______n. 宣布；宣告；通知 11. ______ vt. 命令；指示；教导→_____ adj.有教育意义的；有指导意义的→_____n.指导；指示；指令→_____ n. 教师；讲师；指导员 12. _____ vt.&vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助→______n.贡献；奉献 13. _____ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的→______n.创造；创作 14. _____ adj. 热情的；热心的→______ n. 热心；热情

高一英语必修一语法总结

高中英语必修一语法汇总 高一二部英语组 一时态 1. 一般现在时（时态） 用法 1）用于表示主语现在的性格特征，说话时的感觉，状态等。 I like swimming in summer. 2) 表示反复发生动作或存在的状态。 He usually goes to work by bus. 3) 表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The earth goes around the sun. 4) 时间、条件、让步状语从句中。 If it is sunny, we will go camping tomorrow. 5) 表按规定，计划等预计要发生的未来动作。 The next bus comes at 10 am. 2. 现在进行时（时态） 用法 1）说话瞬间正在进行的动作。 Someone is waiting for you outside. 2）现阶段正在进行的动作。 He’s writing a novel these days. 3）表不满，愤怒，赞赏等情感。 She’s always finding fault with others. 4）表委婉语气。 I’m hoping to hear from you soon. 5）表将要发生动作。 The train is coming. 3. 将来的安排和打算（不是时态，是表达将来的含义） 有三种表达方式 1）be going to 依据现在观察到的迹象，预测将来会发生的事。 It is going to rain. 表达想要做某事的企图。 I’m never going to buy a mobile phone. 2）现在进行时表已经确定或安排好的将来事件（即现在进行时中第5条）The train is coming. 3）一般现在时表未来的官方事件或不可改变的时间表（即一般现在时中第5条）The next bus comes at 10 am. 4. 一般过去时（时态） 用法

人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点

U5(BX5) First aid Language points 1 Aid (v)帮助; 援助=help sb 帮助某人去做…. aid sb to do 在…事帮助某人aid sb in … He aided me in business. I aided her to continue her study. At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor. n /U/帮助; 援助 在某人的帮助下with the aid of 为了帮助… in ai d of Teachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He raised money in aid of the sick. 知识拓展： give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.'s aid 帮助某人 cut off aid （突然）终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器 teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护 2. temporary 暂时的，临时的 temporary relief from pain短暂的解痛 temporary work/ solution临时工作/解决办法 3. fall ill fall+ adj. ill asleep awake sick silent His wife suddenly _______ ________ last week. She has _______ ________ for a week. fell ill been ill 4 get+过去分词表被动或状态 The computer got damaged when we were moving. My bike is getting repaired now. My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. Peter and Mary got married last year. get done get injured受伤 get dressed穿衣服

(完整word)人教版高中英语必修一课文语法填空

【高考必备】人教版高中英语必修一 unit1 Friendship Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish 1________ they had to hide or they would be 2________ (catch) by the German Nazis. Du ring that time she wasn’t able to go 3________ (outdoor) for so long that she had grown so crazy about everything 4________ (do) with nature. One evening, she stayed 5________ (wake) on purpose to have a good look at the moon by herself, but she didn’t dare open a window. Another time she happened to be upstairs at dusk 6________ the window was open. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held her 7________ (entire) in their power. It was the first time in a year and a half that she 8________ (see) the night face to face. Anne felt very lonely without seeing her old friends, so she had to make 9________ new friend, her diary Kitty, whom she could tell everything to. 10________ (sad), at last, her family was discovered and caught by the German Nazis. 参考答案: 1.so 2. caught 3. outdoors 4. to do 5. awakes 6.when 7. entirely 8. had been 9. a 10. sadly Unit 2 Reading课文语法填空 The Road To Modern English 一、语法填空(根据课文内容、依据语法规则完成下面短文) So why has English changed over time? 1________ (actual) all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English 2________ (speak) in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was quite different from the English spoken today.

高一生物必修一知识点总结整理

高一生物必修一知识点 总结整理 WTD standardization office【WTD 5AB- WTDK 08- WTD 2C】

必修（1）知识点整理 第一章走近细胞 第一节从生物圈到细胞 一、相关概念、 细胞：是生物体结构和功能的基本单位。除了病毒以外，所有生物都是由细胞构成的。细胞是地球上最基本的生命系统 生命系统的结构层次：细胞→组织→器官→系统（植物没有系统）→个体→种群 →群落→生态系统→生物圈 二、病毒的相关知识： 1、病毒是一类没有细胞结构的生物体。主要特征： ①、个体微小，一般在10~30nm之间，大多数必须用电子显微镜才能看见； ②、仅具有一种类型的核酸，DNA或RNA，没有含两种核酸的病毒； ③、专营细胞内寄生生活； ④、结构简单，一般由核酸（DNA或RNA）和蛋白质外壳所构成。 2、根据寄生的宿主不同，病毒可分为动物病毒、植物病毒和细菌病毒（即噬菌体） 三大类。根据病毒所含核酸种类的不同分为DNA病毒和RNA病毒。 3、常见的病毒有：人类流感病毒（引起流行性感冒）、SARS病毒、人类免疫缺陷 病毒（HIV）、禽流感病毒、乙肝病毒、人类天花病毒、狂犬病毒、烟草花叶病毒等。 第二节细胞的多样性和统一性

一、细胞种类：根据细胞内有无以核膜为界限的细胞核，把细胞分为原核细胞和真核细胞 二、原核细胞和真核细胞的比较： 1、原核细胞：细胞较小，无核膜、无核仁，没有成形的细胞核；遗传物质（一个环 状DNA分子）集中的区域称为拟核；没有染色体，DNA 不与蛋白质结合，；细胞器只有核糖体；有细胞壁，成分与真核细胞不同。 2、真核细胞：细胞较大，有核膜、有核仁、有真正的细胞核；有一定数目的染色体 （DNA与蛋白质结合而成）；一般有多种细胞器。 3、原核生物：由原核细胞构成的生物。如：蓝藻、细菌（如硝化细菌、乳酸菌、大 肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌）、放线菌、支原体等都属于原核生物。 4、真核生物：由真核细胞构成的生物。如动物(草履虫、变形虫)、植物、真菌（酵 母菌、霉菌、粘菌）等。 三、细胞学说的建立： 1、1665 英国人虎克(Robert Hooke)用自己设计与制造的显微镜（放大倍数为40- 140倍)观察了软木的薄片，第一次描述了植物细胞的构造，并首次用拉丁文cell （小室)这个词来对细胞命名。 2、1680 荷兰人列文虎克（A. van Leeuwenhoek），首次观察到活细胞，观察过原 生动物、人类精子、鲑鱼的红细胞、牙垢中的细菌等。 3、19世纪30年代德国人施莱登（Matthias Jacob Schneider）、施旺（Theodor Schwann）提出：一切植物、动物都是由细胞组成的，细胞是一切动植物的基本单位。这一学说即“细胞学说（Cell Theory)”，它揭示了生物体结构的统一性。 第二章组成细胞的分子