MPAcc考研英语阅读理解命题原则

MPAcc考研英语阅读理解命题原则

考生困惑的是：

学生在做考研阅读真题的时候会遇到各种各样的问题，但是有两种是最普遍的。有的学生说自己已经读懂了文章，但是还是会错两个;但是有的学生却是没有读懂文章，也是错了两个。很显然，第一种学生是在不短的时间里错了两个;第二种学生是在不长的时间里错了两个，很显然，第一中学生是比较"冤枉"的。

下面跨考教育以2010年考研英语一阅读理解的第三篇文章来讲述那些考生所不知道的事情之一：阅读测试的设计原则。

首先我们需要了解考研的性质。

考研的性质：

招生学校对考生会进行各方面的测量。考研是一种测试，是招生学校对考生进行的测量形式之一，也是目前为止考研各种测量中方式中最具有决定性的一环。语言测试用于多种目的，而考试的目的就是：筛选。往好听了说是：选就是选拔;往难听了说是：筛就是淘汰。

其次我们再从命题者的角度来了解阅读测试的设计原则。

原则一：

众所周知，我们阅读的目的是为了获取信息。信息分为主信息和辅助信息。主信息就是指文章的主旨;抓住了主信息就等于捉住了文章的核心或者主题。辅助信息主要是一些阐明主信息的辅助性事实或者观点。两种信息都要考，所以说命题者所测试的考点要一信息为目标，围绕信息设计考点。

但是并非文章所传递的信息都要测试，测试的信息有两种，一种是主要信息，一种是和主要信息相关的辅助信息。

所以我们在阅读理解的课堂上强调大家要读题干，读题干的目的就是为了确定这篇文章的考点有哪五个?

比如说2010年第三篇文章的题干如下：

31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to____.

32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"____.

33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that____.

34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who____.

35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

然后在通读文章，通读文章的时候需要明确核心话题、中心思想(议论文为文章的论点)和主要内容。

浏览文章的重点是每段的首句。

In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected.…

The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": …

In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. …

The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet …

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. ….

通过阅读每一段的首句我们便可以确定这篇文章通篇都是再讲：social influence的问题，所以文章的中心话题就是：social influence。文章所有的陈述都是围绕这一个中心话题展开。

正确答案的特征也是围绕中心话题展开：

请看每道题目的正确答案：

31.[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas

32.[D] requires solid evidence for its validity

33.[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions

34.[C] are influenced and then influence others

35.[C] The readiness to be influenced

在这五道题目中，33/34/35考察的为主要信息，31/32考察的为辅助信息。

凯程教育：

凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；

凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；

信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；

使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；

激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；

敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；

服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。

如何选择考研辅导班：

在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩

获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。

有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide：Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of

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