新目标大学英语系列教材：综合教程第四册 主编 刘正光 胡志雯

第一单元

Key to Exercises

TextA

Reading Comprehension 1.A.

B.

C.

Once you let go of that self-consciousness, you can interact without it getting in the way.

2.A.

2) our opinion of our own looks

3) self-appraisal

4) self-image

5) self-judgment

6) self-concept

7) self-aware

8) self-consciousness

9) a picture of ourselves

B.

2) a system inside one’s brain that helps gather data for the

self-judgment of one’s appearance.

3) It refers to what psychologists call the built-in hot-or-not meter.

4) In psychology, it refers to the measures of a personality trait in public.

5) the psychological system that tends to overstate or understate a particular personality trait.

Reading and Discussing

3.

1) Because the social status of women is often contingent upon their faces and bodies, they are particularly susceptible to the “contrast effect”.

2) Yes. With correct understanding of yourself, you know exactly what you really want to do, what you can do, and what level you can reach. With a clear goal, strong determination and diligence, you will succeed one day.

Language in Use

4. A.

B.

1) a. exceptionallyb. exceptional

2) a. anonymous b. anonymously

3) a. validate b. validation

4) a. susceptible b. susceptibility

5) a. adolescentsb. Adolescence

6) a. gleamed b. gleam

7) a. liable b. Liability

8) a. exclusive b. exclusively 5.

1) compare with

2) zero in on

3) are fixated on

4) get in the way

5) in a favorable light

6) fix myself up

6.A.

1) self-discipline

2) self-propelled

4) self-motivated

5) self-assured

6) self-employed

7) self-critical

8) self-destruct

9) self-made

10) self-centered

11) self-abandoned

12) self-organize B.

1) self-motivated

2) self-perceptions

3) self-evident

4) self-organize

5) self-employed

6) self-critical

8) self-centered

9) self-destruct

10) self-assured; self-conscious

7.

1) a. estimate b. appraise c. evaluate d. assessed

2) a. declared b. announced c. broadcast

3) a. cancelled b. withdrew c. abolished

4) a. stimulate b. motivated c. activates

5) a. synthesize b. combine c. incorporate

8.

1) ……即使在同一个晚上，在一个聚会上我们可能感觉自己是众人瞩目的焦点，但在下一个聚会上也许感觉自己十分卑微。

2) 这叫内心重塑力：明白自我感受的强大力量，有助于你不因外表而烦恼——看上去也就更漂亮。

3) 这种社会比较不仅仅只是出现在你特意仔细观察路人时，而是一直在自发地进行着。

4) 相比而言，男女在评估智商时，都不会拿自己跟爱因斯坦比较，而倾向采用一个更普通的标准。

5)当有这种比较意识时，如在同事面前做一个展示时，人们都会更加苛刻地评判自己的外貌。

9.

Research has shown that in both sexes and across numerous cultures, especially from adolescence, good-looking people are often evaluated to be ones with exceptional personality traits. Why should this be so Some people have perceived that since it is pleasurable to meet someone with attractive physical appearance and someone with good moral character, we automatically mix them up. But this statement does not seem to be objective. The studies by Dr. Sampo Paunonen of the University of Western Ontario reveal that people who were described as being more honest were rated as more likable, and the more likable, the more physically attractive.

Text B

Reading Comprehension

1.

Language in Use

2.

1) a. rehearsing b. rehearsals

2) a. visualization b. visualize

3) a. ignition b. ignited

4) a. endeavor b. endeavor

5) a. initiate b. initial

3.

A. 1) abide by 2) stand by

3) stuck by 4) swears by

B. 1) put to death 2) put to the test

3) put to work 4) put to use

4.

1) 他说：“每次挥杆前，我都会在头脑中清晰地构想这个过程。”

2) 问题的关键是真正去做一件事。

3) 加菲尔德说，心像排练最适合应用于电话销售、做演讲、参与会面等日常业务问题中。

4) 《创意想象》一书的作者沙克蒂高文说：“最重要的是让创意想象成为你生活的一个固定部分。”

5) 还有，如果意象不清晰，你不要着急。

Writing

Exercise 1

1) For the past two years, no order has been given to us.

2) We are afraid that we cannot comply with your request.

3) Would you please compare our goods with those of other firms

4) We hope you will effect a full statement of our claim.

5) We request your immediate payment.

6) We presume that there must be some reason for your having trouble with this delivery.

7) We will be glad to refund when returned items are clean and resalable.

8) We would like to make it clear that we only accept L/C for further transactions.

第二单元

Listening and Speaking

1.

About 10,000 years ago, man assumed the 1)habit of living in more or less permanent settlements, and his relationships to the animal world began to undergo 2)profound changes. At the same time, great climatic changes, and perhaps 3)human activities as well, had reduced many larger mammalian species, especially those used as food, to very small populations. Major 4)extinction events began to occur. In response to dwindling and unreliable resources, 5)human agricultural technology developed. Humans began to move from hunter/gather mode to a mode of actively

6)domesticating plants and animals for food resources. The second great surge in human progress with its ensuing increase in population occurred when man learned how to 7)cultivate plants and tame and domesticate animals at levels that allowed for the development of larger settlements. Human plant gathering activities had led to 8)intimate knowledge of plant productivity cycles, and human hunters undoubtedly had often taken young canine animals into their camps as pets and companions. They would have become 9)familiar with the animal growth and breeding cycles, diseases and behaviors of these young animals. The animals would have benefited from the availability of food and shelter. It seems safe to speculate that they would have bonded and grew to be hunting assistants to their 10)human companions as they would have in the progenitor’s pack.

2. Tips

Endangered animals are animals that are in danger of becoming extinct. Animals are identified as being endangered either because there are already too few of them living in the wild, or even in captivity; or because their continued existence is threatened by a changing environment which results in them losing access to adequate food or living conditions. The way to understand what is meant by “too few” is that their reproductive rates are lower than their mortality rates.

The industrialization of human societies and the globalization of the human culture have resulted in dramatic environmental changes in the past two centuries. These changes have been too fast for too many of the earth’s creatures to survive. Although many animals have been endangered through the ages, the threat to animals is greater now than ever before.

Text A

Reading Comprehension

1.

A.

The interviewee’s per Jane Goodall, 76 years old, is a world- famous primatologist.

Paragraphs Focuses of the interview Key points of Jane Goodwill’s responses Paras. 20-21The prospects of the future There is hope if we keep trying.

2.

1) animal behavior

2) an interview

3) characteristics

4) qualities

5) emotions

6) spoken language

7) degree

8) captive breeding

9) survive and breed

10) ecosystem

11) pioneering

12) worse off

Reading and Discussing

3.

For reference

1) Because they are not capable of evil, such as deliberate torture. They do not have the intellect to think this way.

2) Open-ended.

Language in Use

4.

1) triggers

2) isolation

3) compassion

4) diminish

5) extinct

6) formulated

7) Captive

8) inflicting

9) intellect

10) alternates

5.

1) in favour of

2) The bottom line

3) better off

4) as is the case with

5) on the road

6) as a last resort

7) worse off

8) think twice

6.

1) a resentment against her parents

2) get more laughter

3) torture on him

4) the evolution of dozens of species

5) The charge of rape

6) got the first place

7.

1) a. dead

b. vanished

c. extinct

2) a. intense

b. concentrated

c. Intensive

3) a. brilliant

b. intelligent

c. smart

4) a. exact

b. precise

c. accurate

8.

Reference translation

1) 如果我们相信人类和黑猩猩源自共同的祖先，那么，人性的阴暗和高贵这两种特质可能都是经过漫长历史演化而来的。

2) 在我看来，他们的这种极端态度已不能奏效，同时还败坏了包括我在内的动物保护者的名声。

3) 当生态系统里的某个物种消失了，如臭虫，而结果它又是另一种生物的主要食物来源。

4) 它们或多或少知道正在给他人带来痛苦。但我认为只有人类具有作恶的能力，例如使用酷刑。黑猩猩没有这样的思维能力。

5) 是的，我对未来充满希望，但是——而且是一个很大的“但是”——只有当我们每个人都付出努力。只有当人类意识到我们每个人每天都在对地球产生影响。9.

Reference translation

Jane Goodall began studying the chimpanzee community in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, in 1960. Without professional training to direct her research, Goodall observed things that strict scientific doctrines may have overlooked. Instead of numbering the chimpanzees she observed, she gave them names such as Fifi and David Greybeard, and found they had unique and individual personalities. Goodall’s research at Gombe Stream is best known to the scientific community for challenging two long-standing beliefs of the day: that only humans could make and use tools, and that chimpanzees were vegetarians.

Text B

Reading Comprehension

1.

1) spreading the word about “the crisis facing these social, sensitive, passionately intense, playful, complex, exceedingly intelligent and endangered creatures”

2) their sizes and species

3) they are quite consciously together, each pacing herself to the other’s gait and waiting for the other to catch up

4) stood vigil outside the building, knowing that her friend was inside

5) saw past the things they didn’t have in common and found in each other common ground enough

Language in Use

2.

1) paradise; venue

2) circuses; overwhelming

3) shepherd; stray

4) companionship; companion

5) chronically; chronic

6) refugees; refuge

7) resumed; resumption

8) immobile; mobility

3.

1) has been held in high regard

2) pay tribute to

3) come into possession

4) have in common

5) made its appearance

4.

Reference translation

霍恩沃尔德位于纳什维尔（田纳西州首府）以南，这片区域广阔无垠，有森林和湖泊。大象保护区就坐落在这片乡村乐园中，1995年建立，面积为2700英亩，为大象提供了天然栖息的庇护所。在这片保护区中，“年老、体弱以及需要帮助的大象能够再一次有尊严、安详地生活着”。保护区的第二要务就是要让人知道“这些友好、敏感、情感炽烈、调皮、复杂而又极聪明的濒危生物正面临着一场劫难”。

Writing

Exercise 1

1. The report analyzed the new product.

2. At your request, we sent you three catalogues by express yesterday.

3. Thank you for your new order last week.

4. He returned in early August.

5. Mr. Smith prefers French wines.

6. We drove down Lombard Street, the crookedest street in the world.

7. A giant pine tree on the top of the mountain towered over the trees around it.

8. Please reply by email immediately if you will allow us to delay the shipment for 20

days.

第三单元

Text A

Reading Comprehension

?

1.

Topic: organic architecture

Origin of organic ar o inspired by the non-linearity and creative forces of natur

chitecture e and biological organisms;

o started out of Wright’s belief about the relationship bet

ween a product and its place, its time, its environment a

nd its function: a cohesive organism.

Philosophy of organi c architecture promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world through design approaches.

Main features of or ganic architecture o suggesting natural forms characterized by wavy lines and curved shapes

o embodying harmony of place, person and materials

o reflecting the feminine way of thinking prevalent in very old traditions

o incorporating natural elements such as light, plants, and water into his designs

o embracing new materials, machinery, and technologies

Summary:

Although always controversial and difficult to pin down, organic archite cture is diverse, perverse, contradictory and mercurial, rooted in a pas sion for life, nature, and natural forms, full of the vitality of the natur

al world, with its biological forms and processes sympathetic to the hu man body, mind, and spirit.

2.

1) the early twentieth century; swooping arches without visible beams or pillars; to new heights

2) reflected; Earth Mother goddess cults

3) reflection; gives preference

4) allies; in opposition to; integrity

5) recognizable; representative

6) modern; traditional; rediscovering

:

of speec

h

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

1literalness/literal literally

2incorporation incorporate incorporated/

3correlation correlate correlated/

4cohesion cohere cohesive cohesively

5complement complement complementary complementarily

?

B.

·

o1) manifested

o2) complemented

o3) prevalent

o4) cohesive

o5) correlates

o6) masculine

o7) dominant

o8) literally

o9) incorporated

o10) ideological

5.

A.

1) a. has opened up

b. free up

c. free up/open up

2) a. clear up/clean up

b. clean up

c. clear up

3) a. showing up

大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit4

Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。

大学英语综合教程答案

3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .

新编大学英语综合教程3第三版unit9music

1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer

requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.

Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for

大学英语综合教程答案

Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.

B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit1

Unit 1 Personal Relationship In-Class Reading The Gift of Life 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，双腿被炸伤了。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。医疗小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要匹配的血型。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适。而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有匹配的血型。 5 医生会讲一点越南语，护士会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。然后他们问孩子们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴还是摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 医疗小组此时非常担忧，因为针不会使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。一定是哪里出了问题。恰好这时，一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地问他原因。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即作了回答。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用质疑的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说: “他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们。以为你们要他献出所有的血，小女孩才能活下来。” 17 “那他为什么还愿意这么做呢?”海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道: “她是我的朋友。” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。

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Unit 1 研究表明：在两性及众多文化中，长相好的人，特别是从青春期开始，往往被评价为具有出色的性格特质的人。 事情为何如此？有些人觉得，由于遇见外表迷人者和品德优良者都令人愉快，我们会不假思索地把这二者混为一谈。 但是，这一说法似乎并不客观。西安大略大学(University of Western Ontario) 的桑波·保诺宁(Sampo Paunonen) 博士的研究发现，被形容为较诚实的人也会被认为更讨人喜欢，而越讨人喜欢的人，外貌也就更具吸引力。 Research has shown that in both sexes and across numerous cultures, especially from adolescence, good-looking people are often evaluated to be ones with exceptional personality traits. Why should this be so? Some people have perceived that since it is pleasurable to meet someone with attractive physical appearance and someone with good moral character, we automatically mix them up. But this statement does not seem to be objective. The studies by Dr. Sampo Paunonen of the University of Western Ontario reveal that people who were described as being more honest were rated as more likable, and the more likable, the more physically attractive. Unit 2 1960年简·古多尔开始了她在坦桑尼亚的贡贝溪国家公园对黑猩猩社群的研究。由于没有专业的训练来指导其研究，古多尔观察到了可能会被严格的科学教条(doctrine)所忽视的东西。 她没有给进入观察的黑猩猩编号，而是给他们取名，如菲菲和灰胡子大卫，并发现他们具有独特的个性。古多尔在贡贝溪的研究在科学界最为人称道的是，她的发现打破了当时人们长期存在的两个信念：只有人类才会制造和使用工具，以及黑猩猩是素食者。 Jane Goodall began studying the chimpanzee community in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, in 1960. Without professional training to direct her research, Goodall observed things that strict scientific doctrines may have overlooked. Instead of numbering the chimpanzees she observed, she gave them names such as Fifi and David Greybeard, and found they had unique and individual personalities. Goodall’s research at Gombe Stream is best known to the scientific community for challenging two long-standing beliefs of the day: that only humans could make and use tools, and that chimpanzees were vegetarians. Unit 3

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