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定语从句系统讲练

聚焦定语从句

江苏省灌云高级中学赵斯明定语从句是中学英语中的一个基础语法，也是重要的语法之一。定语从句牵涉到众多的基础知识，考点多种多样，因此，我们很容易混淆。本文从定语从句相关的基础知识入手，结合近几年常见考点分类梳理，另付检测练习，以期同学们能系统掌握定语从句。请看下列例题：

1.In my opinion, all Mr. White _____ good to us students at present.

A.does does does

B. does do do

C. does does do

D. did do does

2.The film star we had been looking forward _____ yesterday.

A. to coming

B. to come

C. to came

D. came

不难看出，如果搞不清这两句的成分，我们则无从下手或进入选择陷阱。例1句子的主语是all, 不是Mr. White。所要表达的意思是“怀特先生所做的事目前对我们学生有好处”，因此，本句的谓语动词是do(do good to…：对……有好处)，all后面接了一个定语从句(that)Mr. White does。另外本题还考查了强调谓语的知识——do/does/did +动词原形。所以答案为C。例2句子主语是the film star，谓语是came(由yesterday得知是一般过去时)。the film star后面接了定语从句we had been looking forward to(由于the film star作look forward to的宾语，关系代词被省略)，故答案为C 。

从上面例题发现，识别和理解定语从句离不开句子成分的划分。

一. 基础知识

1.句子成分的划分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、同位语、表语

例：

⑴He is a student. （a student是表语）

主谓

⑵He likes English.

主谓宾

⑶This dictionary looks beautiful on the shelf. (this作定语)

主谓状

⑷He is studying here now.

主谓状状

⑸We students made him monitor. →He was made monitor by us students.

主谓宾主补主谓宾补状（monitor是同位语）

⑹Tom is fairly careless. Strangely, he drives very carefully. (fairly和very是状语)

主谓状主谓状

3：作定语用的是一个完整的句子

He is a student who studies well in our school.

定语从句

注：

①先行词是被定语从句修饰限制的词，有时它可以是一个句子（先行项）。如：

I enjoy visiting the places in which the hotels are cheap.

先行词介词关联词其它成分

Jack failed in the examination again, which made his parents disappointed.

先行项关联词其它成分

先行项有时也可以放在定语从句之后，这时关系代词用as。

As is expected, most of the students in our class have made great progress.

关联词其它成分先行项

②关联词包括关系代词（that, which, who, whom, as, whose）和关系副词(when, where, why)。在句子中既起连接作用，又在定语从句中充当成分。如：

My cousin who likes singing and dancing studies the behavior of animals.

句中的关系代词who既连接先行词和从句，又在定语从句中作主语。

③介词根据句子中的固定短语或句意来确定。如：

This is the novel in which I’m interested. (in 是根据固定短语be interested in)

Is this the plane in which she came to Beijing? (根据句意“乘坐这架飞机”)

④非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉不影响主要意义，通常前要加逗号和先行（项）隔开；限制性定语从句和先行词有着不可分割的关系，去掉它，先行词就不能明确表示其所指对象。比较：

The boys who wanted to play basketball were disappointed because of the rain. (限制性定语从句。意思是“想踢足球的男孩因下雨而失望”。)

The boys, who wanted to play basketball, were disappointed because of the rain. (非限制性定语从句。意思是“男孩们想踢足球，因下雨而失望”。)

二．语从句的常见考点

1．考查关系代词的区别

⑴考查that 和which的区别。如：

①Is this the second question ______ you want to ask me?

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. it

答案注解：B。当先行词被序数词限制时用that。

②The professor talked about the famous writers and works ______ have far-reaching effects

on modern American literature.

A. who

B. that

C. which

D. who and that

答案注解：B。当先行词既含有人又含有物时用that。

③Is there anything else ______ you require?

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. who

答案注解：B。当先行词是something, anything, nothing, everything, all, little, few等不定代词时，用that。

④The most important measure _____ should be taken is prevention.

A. which

B. \

C. as

D. that

答案注解：D。当先行词被最高级限制时用that。

⑤This is the very dictionary _____ we are looking for.

A. as

B. which

C. that

D. what

答案注解：C。当先行词被very(正是)限制时用that。

⑥The railway tunnel has been completed, _____ will play an important part in transportation.

A. which

B. that

C. it

D. where

答案注解：A。引导非限制性定语从句用which,不用that。

⑵考查whose和which的区别。如：

Have you seen the film “A Time To Love”, _____ leading actress is Zhao Wei.

A. which

B. whose

C. it’s

D. that

答案注解：B。whose 在定语从句中作定语用，修饰后面的名词，不仅可以指某人，而且可以指某物。该句中whose 指物，whose leading actress可以改为the leading actress of which或of which the leading actress (指人时which换成whom)。

⑶考查who和whom区别。如：

The boy has many friends, ______ are good at English.

A. half of who

B. half of that

C. half of whom

D. half of which

答案注解：C。本句定语从句的先行项是many friends。介词后表示人的宾语用whom。

⑷考查as/which的区别。如：

①Don’t talk about such things _____ you are not sure of.

A. as

B. which

C. that

D. \

答案注解：A。as经常置于such/same 后面引导定语从句，表示“和……一类”。

②With the help of the policemen, she found the same bicycle _______ got stolen yesterday.

A. as

B. that

C. what

D. \

答案注解：B。same后面也可以加that引导定语从句，表示“同一……”。试比较：This is the same MP3 that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的MP3。

This is the same MP3 as I lost yesterday.这个MP3和我昨天丢失的一样（仅是同类）。

③The stems of bamboo are hollow, _____ makes them very light.

A. as

B. it

C. that

D. which

答案注解：D。as 和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，as强调“正如……”，而which 则没有此意思,如：As we all know, bats come out only at night.

④_____ is reported in the newspaper, this song is very popular.

A. Which

B. As

C. That

D. It

答案注解：B。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首，which则不可以。

2．考查定语从句中成分的辨别。如：

①Is this mobile phone _____ you bought in Shanghai?

A. the one

B. that

C. which

D. \

答案注解：A。本句是一般疑问句，其主语是this mobile phone，从句you bought in Shanghai 中少了宾语，the one 是定语从句的先行词，其后省略了作宾语的关系代词that。

②This is the reason _____ the students told us last week.

A. why

B. that

C. for which

D. for that

答案注解：B。从句the students told us last week中缺少了动词told的直接宾语，而why 在定语从句中作原因状语。试比较This is the reason why the students told us the secret last week.(定语从句中the secret作told的直接宾语)

③As a teacher, I shall never forget the years _____ I worked in the countryside.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

答案注解：C。关联词在从句I worked in the countryside中作时间状语。试比较As a teacher, I shall never forget the years that I spent in the countryside. (定语从句中spent缺少了宾语，因此所选的关联词应作spend的宾语)

④This is the supermarket _____ was rebuilt just few weeks ago.

A. in which

B. where

C. what

D. that

答案注解：D。从句was rebuilt just few weeks ago缺少了主语，应该选择能作主语的关系代词（what是疑问代词，不能引导定语从句）。试比较This is the supermarket where we can buy all kinds of products. (定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、表语，因此所选的关联词应作状语)

3．考查和强调句的区别。如：

It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded. (强调句)

It was 1949 when the PRC was founded. (定语从句)

4．考查和状语从句的区别。如：

Put the vase where it was. (状语从句，无先行词)

Put the vase in the place where it was. (定语从句,先行词是place)

5．考查和同位语从句的区别。如：

He told us the news that proved to be false. (定语从句，that在从句中作主语)

He told us the news that he won the first prize in the competition. (同位语从句，that 在从句中不作任何成分，仅起引导作用)

6．考查和并列句的区别。如：

Daisy was admitted to a key university, which had a good effect on her family. (定语从句) Daisy was admitted to a key university, and it had a good effect on her family. (并列句)

7．考查和主语从句的区别。如：

As is known , China has been playing an important part in the world peace. (并列句)

It is known that China has been playing an important part in the world peace. (主语从句)

8．考查定语从句中的主谓一致。如：

She is one of the volunteers who have been greatly praised by the government.

She is the only one of the volunteers who has been greatly praised by the government.

9．考查特殊先行词(way, position, condition, point, question,case)。如：

①By thinking about the way _____ we think and practicing good thinking strategies, we can become more creative.

A. in that

B. which

C. \

D. how

答案注解：C。当先行词是way，并且在定语从句中作状语表示“用……方式”，此时关联词有三种情况：that; in which; 省略（常用）。

②He’s got himself into a situation _____ he is likely to lose control.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. where

答案注解：D。先行词situation是一个抽象化的地点，在从句中作状语。用作先行词的抽象化名词还有position, condition, point, question，business等。

10．考查间隔式定语从句

一般说来，定语从句总是紧跟在先行项之后。但有时定语从句和先行项之间被其它成分间隔开来，这种定语从句称为间隔式定语从句。间隔式定语从句在教材中时常出现，也是高考常见的考点。如2004年高考英语试卷全国卷中的完形填空37题：

The word“spaghetti(意大利面条)”brought back the memory of an evening at Uncle Alien’s in Belleville 37 all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.

A. when

B. where

C. since

D. after

学生易把Belleville当成后面定语从句的先行词而选择B项,但从句中已含有地点状语around the table，由此看出定语从句的先行项不是地点而是时间an evening ，因此应选择A。实际上句子中间的at uncle Alien’s in Belleville把定语从句和先行项分隔开来，增加了句子难度。又如：

I. was the only person in my office who was invited. (Book I, L.69) 我是办公室里唯一被邀请的人。

Who-clause 修饰它的先行词person,中间被定语in my office 隔开。如果把in my office 放在句末，则意为“我是在办公室里被邀请的唯一的人”，产生歧义。

2.All is not gold that glitters.发光的不全是金子。（定语从句被谓语部分is not gold隔开）三．练练看

1.I have many friends, ____ some are businessmen. （05全国I）

A. of them

B. from which

C. who of

D. of whom

2.He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went on to Cambridge. （05山东）

A. from which

B. after that

C. after which

D. from this

3. ---Why does she always ask you for help?

---There is no one else ____, is there? （05北京）

A. who to turn to

B. she can turn to

C. for whom to turn

D. for her to turn

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/209957230.html,st month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering. （05天津）

A.that

B. whose

C. those

D. what

5.Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office. （05浙江）

A. which

B. that

C. this

D. it

6. _____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.（05浙江）

A. When

B. After

C. As

D. Since

7. ---Is that the small town you often refer to?

---Right, just the one ____ you know I used to work for years. （05福建）

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what

8.I walked in our garden, __ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.（05江西）

A. which

B. when

C. where

D. that

9. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the

scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger. (05广东)

A. in which

B. by which

C. which

D. that

10. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. （05湖北）

A．who B．that C．what D．which

11. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is

the heaviest. (05江苏)

A. which; where

B. at which; which

C. at which; where

D. which; in which

12. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they

are being trained. (05江西) A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which

13. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ____ he studied very hard and was

made Chairman of the Students' Union. （05重庆）

A. during which time

B. for which time

C. during whose time

D. by that time .

14.Anyway, that evening, _____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. (04浙江)

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. which

15. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____ made the others envy him. (04天津)

A. who

B. that

C. what

D. which

16. ______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (04江苏)

A. Which

B. When

C. What

D. As

17. What surprised me was not what ha said but _____ he said it. (04湖北)

A. the way

B. in the way that

C. in the way

D. the way which

18. I work in a business _____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (04湖南)

A. how

B. which

C. where

D. that

19. ______ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (04北京)

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

20. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great

success. (04全国I)

A. for which

B. at which

C. in which

D. on which

21. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently (04上海)

A. who

B. as

C. about which

D. with whom

22. Luckily, we’d bought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.(04北京)

A. it

B. that

C. this

D. which

23. There are two buildings, _____ stands nearly a hundred feet high. (04湖北)

A. the large

B. the larger of them

C. the larger one that

D. the larger of which

24. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable. (01上海)

A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose

25.I can think of many cases _____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. (03上海) A. why B. which C. what D. where

答案

1-5DCBBA 6-10CCCAD 11-15CDADD

16-20DACBC 21-25DDDBD

英语语法---定语从句讲练

定语从句定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句的全部或部分内容。定语从句分限制性定语参加和非限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句与它修饰的先行词关系紧密，不可去掉，他们之间没有逗号。非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响句子的完整性，与先行词之间有逗号隔开。定语从句一般放在被修饰的词之后。由关系代词或关系副词引导。 1.关系词及其作用 2.只能使用关系代词that的几种情况（1）当先行词是everything，anything，something，nothing，all，none, little, few等时。 Is there anything that you don’t need? 有没有你们不需要的东西？

（2）当先行词被every, any ,all,some, no, little,few, much等修饰时。 I want to watch all the movies that were acted by Zhou Xingchi. 我想看周星驰演的所以电影。（3）当先行词被the only, the very 等修饰时。 This is the only book that I can find. 这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。（4）当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most beautiful flower that I have ever seen.这是我见到过的最漂亮的花。（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the peoples and the book that interested them. 他们谈论了让他们感兴趣的那些人和那本书。（6）当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the hotel that you like best. 你最喜欢哪家宾馆？ 3.只能使用关系代词which的几种情况（1）引导非限制性定语从句时。 There has just been a heavy rain, which makes the farmers delighted. 刚下过一场大雨，这让农民很高兴。（2）关系代词跟在介词后时 The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago. 他们现在居住的房子是50年前建的。（3）先行词本身是that时 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才天空一闪而过的是什么东西？ 4.定语从句的谓语动词当关系词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。 He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。（动词like 与先行词boys保持一致）He is the boy who comes from America. 他就是来自美国的那个男孩。（动词comes与先行词boy保持一致）定语从句关系代词顺口溜关系代词有五个，听我逐一来说破； which表物，人用who；人物都用that顾，which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know； who 作主语很称职，whom用到宾语里；

定语从句讲与练

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关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1. As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 He was honest, as/which we can see. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 which 指代整个句子不可置于句首只能位于主句后。 1. They d idn’t come to school on time, which made the teacher angry. 2. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished (吃惊）us greatly. 3. His father died last year, which made it impossible for him to go to school. 4. He didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed his parents. as 引导定语从句，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中和句末。 As we all know, China is a developing country. The number of the visitors, as we had expected, was over 200. China is a great country with a long history, a s is known to all. 注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,主句与从句有因果或并列，从句谓语动词是“系动词+adj" 使用which Our class has won the volleyball match, which is inspiring. Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. Tom突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心。Which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系，因为他的病，所以我们伤心。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系，因为路滑，所以出事。 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more t han several times, which I don’t believe. (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习题(含答案)

定语从句讲解一．基本介绍 ?功能：相当于adj,修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 ?位置：被修饰词之后 ?先行词：被定语从句修饰的词 ?关系词：连接先行词与从句的词称为关系词。 ?确定关系词的步骤：先看先行词，指的是什么；看关系词在充当的成份。二．特殊用法

1.He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels______filled his bus. 2.The village is no longer the one ___it was five years ago. 5.Such books____you bought are useful. 2

3.Which are the books____you bought for me? 6.____ is known,the earth is round. 4.There is a room,_____window faces the river. 7.There is lots of air in loose snow,_____can keep the cold out. 3

高中定语从句练习（整理） 1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the factory. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 2. We are going to spend this Spring Festival in Beijing, _____ live our grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 3. There are many areas in the world _____ lack experienced doctors. A. where B. in which C. which D. what 4. The years and months _____ we spent together are really wonderful to us all. A. when B. on which C. in which D. that 5. _____ has been described above, it is a general rule that solids expand as the temperature increases and contract when they are cooled. A. It B. As C. That D. Which 6. A. who’s B. which C. whose 7. Susan is not the brilliant writer _____ she used to be. D. this A. which B. that C. who D. whom 8. I, who _____ your friend, will try my best to help you. A. be B. am C. are D. is 9. The size of the audience, _____ we had expected, was well over 1600. A. as B. that C. which D. who 10. They have started an investigation, _____ are being kept secret. A. whose detail B. whose the details C. the details of which D. the detail of it 11. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence? A. why B. for which C. which D. what 12. There were two rooms in the beach house, _____ served as a kitchen. A. the smaller of them B. the smallest of which C. the smaller of which D. smallest of which 13. He imagined various ways _____ he could teach her how to learn English well. A. / B. that C. in which D. A , B & C 14. The speed _____ light travels is said to be the maximum in the universe. A. in which B. by which C. at which D. from which 15. Can you think out a situation _____ this idiom can be used? A. in which B. that C. where D. A & C 16. China has hundreds of islands, _____ is Taiwan. A. in which the largest B. its largest of which C. of which the largest D. which the largest 17. We ate in a luxurious restaurant but it wasn’t such a good dinner _____ she had promised us.

(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关

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(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习题(含答案)

(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习