翻译练习 中英对照
Translation Exercises (with reference keys)
(for the third grade English majors)
Part One: Sentences
Exercise 1 Comprehension and Expression (1)
Exercise 2 Articles (2)
Exercise 3 The translation of “It” (3)
Exercise 4 The expletive “There” (4)
Exercise 5 Passive voice (5)
Exercise 6 Nouns in English (5)
Exercise 7 Prepositions (6)
Exercise 8 Diction （用词） (7)
Exercise 9 Amplification （增益） (8)
Exercise 10 Omission （省略） (9)
Exercise 11 Conversion （词性转换） (9)
Exercise 12 Inversion （调整词序） (10)
Exercise 13 Negation （反译） (11)
Exercise 14 Division （拆译） (12)
Exercise 1 Comprehension and Expression
1.That’s all Greek to me. 那个我一窍不通。
2.He was up to his neck in debt. 他负债累累。（或：他债台高筑。）
3.The enemy troops fled in disorder. 敌军狼奔豕突。（豕shǐ,猪）
4.The naughty boy was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door.
那个顽皮的孩子扰乱别的孩子，所以我把他撵走了。
5.You have my sympathy. 我同情你。
6. A great elation overcomes them. 他们欣喜若狂。
7.March, 1913 found me working in a small constructional firm.
1913年3月，我在一家小型建筑公司工作。
8.All our sympathies are with you.我们完全同情你。
9.Washington in that time was a place for Movement people to come for money, not marches.
那时候青年激进分子到华盛顿来是为了筹款，而不是搞游行示威。
10.I am not a smoker.我不抽烟。
11.The Security Council has been seized of the question since December 1963.
安理会从1963年12月以来就一直受理这个问题。
12.Stop selling me to him.别在他面前美言我。
13.There’s no pot so ugly it can’t find a lid.
姑娘再丑，也不愁配偶。（锅子再癞，也不愁没盖儿。）
14.The enemy was extremely disturbed. 敌人慌了手脚。
15.(1) a broken man 一个绝望的人
(2) a broken soldier.一个残废兵
(3) broken money 零钱
16.(1) We can make out the meaning of the word from the context.
我们可以从上下文明白这个词的意思。
(2) We should settle the disputes in the context of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
我们应本着和平共处五项原则的精神解决争端。
(3) It is in this context that the tragedy of Sahara was born.
就是在这种情况下产生了撒哈拉悲剧。
(4) We must operate within the context of the general guide lines.
我们必须根据总的指导方针采取行动。
(5) In this context, I’ve to call your attention to the fact that the peaceful trend in the
Indo-China Peninsula is essential to peace in the world.
关于这一点，我已提醒你注意，印支半岛的和平趋势对整个世界和平是必不可少的。
Exercise 2 Articles
1.Why don’t you open a window here, for God’s sake?
我的天，你干嘛不打开一扇窗户呢？（数量具有重要意义）
2. We should have bought the land next door.
当初我们真该把隔壁那块地买下来。（特指）
3.There was a big snow yesterday.
昨天下了一场大雪。（数量具有重要意义）
4.I could stay for a day or two, but as for staying a week, it would be out of the question.
我可以待上一两天，但要待上一个星期，那是不行的。
5.His courage and integrity is out of question.
他的勇气和正直是无可怀疑的。
6. A parrot can talk like a man.
鹦鹉会象人一样讲话。（泛指，不宜译出）
7.The pen is mightier than the sword.
文字的力量大于武力。（或：笔比剑更有力。）
8.The proton has a positive charge and the electron a negative charge, but the neutron has neither.
质子带正电荷，电子带负电贺，中子既不带正电贺也不带负电荷。
9.The “Flying Eagle” is flying from London to Edinburgh.
“飞鹰”号班机正在由伦敦飞往爱丁堡。
10. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。
11.Please take the medicine three times a day.这种药，请每天服用三次。
12.This car travels twenty miles to the gallon. 这辆汽车每加仑汽油可以行驶20英里。
13.On my return home the scene revisited my mind, greeting my eyes with the verdant, luxurious meadow, the red-attired clusters of florets, the neighing, galloping steeds and the heroic eagles soaring high in the air.
在归途中，回忆起当时的情景，历历如在眼前：那绿荫似锦的草地，那万紫千红的花簇，那嘶鸣奔驰的骏马，还有那在高空中翱翔的雄鹰。
Exercise 3 The translation of “It”
1.It is wrong to tell a lie.说谎是不对的。
2.He does not think it wrong to tell a lie. 他不认为说谎是不对的。
3.It is easy to learn English, but it is difficult to attain perfection in it.英文易学难精。
4.It may be advisable to wait till they come back. 最好等他们回来。
5.She had said what it was necessary to say. 要说的她都说了。
6.He took it upon himself to pay off the debt. 他自愿负责还清债务。
7.I know it to be the established custom of your sex to reject a man on the first application. (Jane Austin)
我知道拒绝男子的第一次求婚是那么女性固有的习惯。
8.Fortunately I have it in my power to introduce you to very superior society.
幸而我还有能力把你介绍给非常上流的社会。
9.Make it the first object to be able to fix and hold your attention upon your studies.
把专心致志于学业，并持之以恒，作为第一目标。
10.It is foolish of him to set himself to perform an impossibility.
他真是愚笨，让自己去做那不可能的事。
11.It is no use talking about it. 空谈无益。
12.I think it rather dangerous your venturing out to sea.
我想你冒险出海是相当危险的。
13.It often happens that the biter is bit.请看剃头者，人亦剃其头。
14.How is it that you are late? 你怎么会迟到的？
15.It occurred to me (that) there was no time to lose. 我感到事情十分迫切。
16.You must see to it that no harm comes to her. 你必须注意不要伤害她。
17.No one wished it to be known that he failed to see the wonderful clothes.
谁也不希望别人知道他没有看见皇帝的新衣。
18.Rumour has it that there will be war. 有谣传说快要打仗了。
19.(1) You are guilty. 你有罪。
(2) It is you that are guilty. 有罪的是你。
20.(1) We should be grateful to men like Edison. 我们应该感激爱迪生这样的人。
(2) It is to men like Edison that we should be grateful. 我们应该感激的是爱迪生这样的人。
21.It is not helps but obstacles that make a man. 使人成功的，不是助力，而是阻力。
22.It was not till evening that we got the news. 我们到了晚上才得到消息。
23.It is a wise father that knows his own child. (Merchant of Venice)
任何聪明的父亲都不见得完全了解自己的儿子。
24. It is a fact that it has to be written very carefully into a job description just what a secretary's
duties are, or she will be told to clean off the desk, pick up cleaning and the like.
显而易见, 应该将秘书的职责写得一清二楚, 不然就会让她们去擦桌子, 倒垃圾以及诸如此类的事情。
Exercise 4 The expletive “There”
1.There's a message for you from your cousin. 你表兄给你捎来个口信。
2.There are several facets to this question. 这个问题有几个方面。
3.There are some disadvantages in living in the country, but, by and large, we like country life.
在乡间生活有许多不利因素，但总的来说，我们是喜欢乡村的。
4.There is nothing settled, nothing staid in this universe. 在这个宇宙里没有什么是确定的，没有什么是不变的。
5.There is no knowing what may happen. 未来的事情无法知道。
6.There is no accounting for tastes. 嗜好各有不同，是无法说明的。
7.There is no getting along with him. 跟他是无法相处的。
8.There is no telling when he will arrive. 不知道他何时到达。
9.There had always been excitable, but now he was beside himself: there was no reasoning with him.
他过去老是很容易兴奋的，可是现在他简直神经错乱了；没有法子再去说服他。
10.There is no denying this. 这个无可否认。
11.There is no saying how long the war is going to last.
战争还要继续多久仍是个未知数。
Exercise 5 Passive voice
1. Their eyes were filled with tears. 他们热泪盈眶。
2. I was filled with joy. 我满怀喜悦。
3. Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter. (denude: make bare; strip)
大多数树木到冬天都要落叶。
4. The village is populated by about 1,3000 farmers. 村里约住有/住着1,300个农民。
5. They are deprived of their rights. 她们被剥夺了权利。
6. It was suggested by him 这个建议的是他提出来的。
7. I was received by a tall, lither, vibrant woman in her 70's, white-haired and still beautiful.
(lither: marked with effortless grace)
接见我的是一位高挑轻盈、满头白发的女人; 她虽然年逾古稀, 但仍然神采奕奕, 风韵犹存。
8. The subject will further be dealt with in Chapter X of this book.
本书第十章将对这一问题进一步加以讨论。
9. Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine.
疾病必须先有正确诊断, 才能用药物加以治疗。（疾病确诊后才能用药物治疗。/ 必须首先确诊病因，然后才能对症下药。）
10. Care should be taken to see that the letter is properly addressed.
要注意看看信的地址是否写对了。
11. Many new opportunities will be opened up in the course of time for those with a university
education.
今后，具有大学文化水平的人将会获得很多新的就业机会。（被动—主动）
12.The time between tea and supper was usually passed in looking at television.
在下午四五点钟喝过茶到吃晚饭这段时间里，看电视是一种常见的消度时光的活动。（可讨论）
（喝过下午茶以后到吃晚饭以前，人们常常用看电视来消磨/打发/度过这段时间。）Exercise 6 Nouns in English
1.语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦工不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.
2.We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.
我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。
3.Parents’ love of children is perfect and minute.父母爱子女无微不至。
4. A man of talent is usually honest and modest.有本领的人往往老老实实。
5.林则徐认为，要成功地禁止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片焚毁。
Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.
6.徐悲鸿画马画得非常好。
Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of ho rses are exceptionally good.
1.会上，代表们一致表示坚决反对两个超级大国的霸权主义。
The delegation at the conference unanimously expressed their determination to oppose hegemonism on the part of the two superpowers.
8.邓小平在“十一大”上说：“一定要少说空话，多做工作。”
Deng Xiaoping at the 11th Party Congress said, “There must be less empty talk and more hard work.”
9.For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices o our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.
我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。
10.He was an asset at any party. He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate. 每个宴会都有他大架光临；买起鲜花和昂贵的巧克力来，他更是大手大脚。
11.Most university trashers (破坏者) are characterized by their background of the upper middle class.
大学中的那些破坏者，大多数有这样一个特点，即出身于中产阶级的上层。
Exercise 7 Prepositions
1.about the house 在房子周围/附近
2. to be above reproach 无可指责
3. to work against time 争分夺秒的干
4. against a rainy day 未雨绸缪；防患于未来
5. to lend money at interest 放债牟利
6. below contempt 极其可鄙
7. to die before yielding 宁死不屈
8. between two fires 腹背受敌；受到夹击
9. down the ages 从古到今
10. in one’s true colours 露出原形/本色
11. for all I know 就我所知
12. to work far into the night 工作到深夜
13. coffee of a sort 权作咖啡；也算一种咖啡
14. to get far off the point 离题十万八千里
15. a cop off duty 不当班的警察
16. on a buying spree 发疯地买东西
17. with his approval 在他的赞同下
18. without ceremony 不拘礼节
19. without end 没完没了
20.Now he and Afredo, his friend and orderly were our guests in New York over the holidays.
现在，他和他的朋友兼护理员阿尔弗莱多应我们的邀请，来纽约度假。
21.It was a good story, but a little confusing. You missed out somewhere on the facts I felt that as
I read it.
这篇报道挺不错，就是有点使人弄不明白。你好象将一些实情忽略了，我读时有这种感觉。
22.On a gold standard, even fewer people than now wo uld own most of the world’s wealth, with the rest of mankind left bare-assed.
如果实行金本位制，那么世界上的财富会集中到更少的人手里，其余的人就会成为穷光蛋。
23. Helmer was old now, and full of the wisdom of one who is born to the sea.
赫尔默已经老了，充满了一个生来就以海为生的人的智慧。
24. At the news of her h usband’s parole, she started to her feet.
听到丈夫具保假释的消息，她一下子跳了起来。
Exercise 8 Diction （用词）
1.In 1900, they (the Boxers) swept into Peking, murdered the German and Japanese ministers, and besieged the foreign legations. （ministers：部长，公使，传教士？）
1900年他们（义和团）攻入北京，杀死了德国和日本的传教士，包围了外国公使馆。
（ministers：部长，公使，传教士？）
2.Once she wondered whether her outspokenness might be a liability to Franklin.
一次，她问（富兰克林）：自己心直口快，会不会成为他的一个包袱。(用引申法)
3.The treaty awards coastal states absolute control over the fish in their economic zones and the right to sell fishing interests to other nations as they choose. （注意sell译文措辞的专业性）条约赋予沿海国以对其经济区内渔业资源的绝对控制权，以及将其渔业利益转让给其所选择的国家的权利。（注意sell译文措辞的专业性）
4.Even so subtle and careful an observer as Henry James, though he lived in England for forty years, never managed to create an Englishman who was thorough and thorough English.
连亨利·詹姆斯那样一个精细的观察家，在英国住了40年，也没能创造出一个十足英国气的英国人来。（用糅合/缀合法）
5. A few of the committee had urged hanging him as a possible example.
委员会中有几个人要求将他处以绞刑，目的是杀一儆百。（与成语求切）
6. A young man came to Scotti's office with a story.
一个年轻人来到斯科特的办公室报案。
7. The functions of the federal government have expanded so much that there are few aspects of
national life outside the area of its interests, if not its regulation.
联邦政府的职责大大扩大了。如果不说它控制了国民生计的各个方面, 至少可以说一切都在它的专注之中。
8. I have never thought that he should have the guts to have my daughter.（guts: 褒义还是贬
义？）
我从来没有想到他竟然厚颜无耻到想要把我的女儿高到手。
9. I don't trust him. He’s always on the make and his artificial smiles make me sick.
我不信任他。他总是那么假心假意；那副娇揉做作的笑容使我作呕。
Exercise 9 Amplification （增益）
1. Translate the following collocations:
1) unfailing fountain 永不枯竭的泉眼
2) a demanding job 一件要求很高的工作
3) a materialized with 一个已付诸实现的愿望
4) recruiting officers 负责征招(招募)新兵的军官
5) sophisticated works (艺术上, 思想上)高超的作品
6) overburdened trees 果实累累压弯了腰的树木
7) nodding acquaintance 点头之交
8) passing joy 昙花一现的欢乐; 过眼烟云似的欢愉
9) a powdered face 一张擦过粉的脸
10) the hissing audience 一片嘘声的观众
11) a rewarding book 一本值得一读的书
12) a disquieting rumor 扰乱人心的谣言
13) loving glances 含情脉脉的顾盼；秋波
14) the hostage debate 关于人质问题的辩论
15) business-and-pleasure trip 公私兼顾的旅行（办事加上游乐的旅行）
2.I am looking forward to the holidays.我在等待假日的到来。
3.Much of our morality is customary.我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。
4.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.
勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；节约过度，即成贪婪。
5.We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.
我们不后退，我们出来没有后退过，我们将来也决不后退。
6.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
7.送君千里，终有一别。
Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.
8.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.
9.交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方，这样你才能把工作做好。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.
10.班门弄斧。
Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.
Exercise 10 Omission （省略）
1. A book is useful.书（是）有用（的）。
2.Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like. 宾利先生风度翩翩，彬彬有礼。
3.If you write to him, the response would be absolutely silence and void.
你写信给他，总是石沉大海。
4.Sunday is the day when I am least busy.星期天我最不忙。
5.Could you help me in any way? 你能帮帮我吗？
6.He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。
7.Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.
不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。
8.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.
这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。（或：…….地大物博，人口众多。）
9.质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电，也不带阴电。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.
10.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.
说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。
Exercise 11 Conversion （词性转换）
1. Meanwhile, half-starved and often ill, Crane continued to write.
在此期间, 克兰处于半饥饿状态, 而且常常生病, 但他仍坚持写作。
(a. → n. a.→ v.)
2. The language of the poem is colloquial, yet it's deep in its understanding of human emotions.
诗的语言虽很通俗, 但对人的感情的揭示却有深度。(a. → n.)
3. Independent observers have commented favourably on the achievements you have made in
this direction.
有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了很好的评价。（v.+ adv. → v. +
a.+ n.）
4. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.
它们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。(adv. → a.)
5.Our age is witnessing a profound political change.
我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。(v. → n.)
6. No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago.
难怪老一辈的许多人见了这个就会想到36年前的往事。（n. + of phrase → V O structure）7.It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.
生于社会，不能脱离社会。
8.He was an asset at any party. He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate.
每个宴会都有他大架光临；买起鲜花和高价盒装巧克力来，他更是大手大脚。
It does this every year in Southern California; at least that’s what they told me last year when I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.
加利福尼亚南部，年年如此；去年，雨无情地下个不停，我表示惊讶，人们就是这样对我说的。
Exercise 12 Inversion （调整词序）
1. 按照汉语表达习惯调整“修饰语——中心词”语序
(1)flood control 防洪
(2)easy-to-use fine camera 精致的轻便照相机
(3)passenger jets 喷气(式)客机
(4) production ceiling 最高产量
(5) wage floor 最低工资
(6) stern new measures 新的严厉措施
(7) a skilled English-speaking diplomat 一位说英语的干练的外交家
(8) morals aside 撇开道德问题不说
(9) golden girls of summer 夏天将皮肤晒得金黄的姑娘们
(10) cool, sweet midnight air 午夜那股凉爽、芬芳的空气
(11) the silent, flooded peasant homes 那些被水淹过的死寂的农舍
(12) strong socialist state 社会主义强国
(13) large Japanese cities 日本的大城市
(14) life expectancy 预期寿命
(15) China’s fast-selling, indigenous quality products
中国那些销路极好的高质量的土产
2. V ery often you leave home on a bright, sunny morning and come back by lunchtime when it is
pouring.
你常常可以遇到这种情况: 早上出门时还是阳光明媚, 中午回来时却是一场倾盆大雨。
3. I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest
demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.
这时我国历史上为争取自由而举行的一次最大的示威游行, 它必将载入史册, 垂之久远。我今天能同你们一起参加这一运动感到很高兴。(注意重心)
4. He was one of those fellows with a settled, mature body and a young face, such as you often
see among workingmen.
你经常可以在工人中见到这样一种类型的人: 身子长得成熟定型了, 而面孔却是一副嫩相。他就是这样的人。(注意重心)
Exercise 13 Negation （反译）
1.分别用肯定式和否定式翻译以下词组和短语：
(1)disregard (v) 忽视不顾，不理
(2)fail 失败没做成某事
(3)lothe (v.) 讨厌（做某事）很不愿意（做某事）
(4)mannerless (a.) 粗野的、极随便的不讲文明礼貌的
(5)keep at it 继续干下去不要放弃
(6)free from mistakes 正确无误
(7)loose end 悬者的一端没扣死的一端
(8)off guard 疏忽的不加戒备的
(9)the whole lot 全部一点不剩
(10) break one’s promise食言不履行诺言
(11) A danger lurks. 危险埋伏着隐患未除
(12) Never is a long word. 坚持到底不要说不赶干了
(13) He does no find himself. 他甚感茫然。他很不得志。
(14) It’s as good as a farce. 这简直是一场闹剧。这无异于一场闹剧。
2.我想小李明天不会来了。I don’t think Xiao Li will come tomorrow.
3.今天的世界还很不安宁。The world today is far from peaceful.
4.我们的人民军队无愧于伟大的人民军队的称号。
Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.
5.雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。L ei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.
6.An good opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 良机难再。
7.The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt. 证据确凿，毋庸置疑。
8.But for the workers’ help, we should not have succeeded in this experiment.
没有工人们的帮助，我们这个实验便不会成功。
9.All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。（发光的并不都是金子。）
10.Both children are not clever. 并非两个孩子都聪明。（两个孩子都不聪明。——理解错误）Exercise 14 Division （拆译）
1.… she treated that lady with ever y demonstration of cool respect, …
她对那位夫人不冷不热，不错规矩。
2.… she had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own, …
她心地厚道，性格温柔可疼，器量又大，为人又乐观。
3.… our little romantic friend formed visions of the future for herself …
我们的小朋友一脑袋幻想，憧憬着美丽的将来。
4.… there was in the old library at Queen’s Crawley (女王的克劳莱大厦) a considerable provision of works of light literature of the last century, both in the French and English languages …
在女王的克劳莱大厦是书房里，有不少上一个世纪的文学作品，有英文的，也有法文的，都是些轻松的读物。
5.They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.
他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈来愈猛，遍及全国。（定语从句译成状语从句）
6.The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid（丫头）to shut the door, who asked Brittle （布立特尔）, who asked the tinker（补锅匠）, who pretended no to hear.
厨子的脸发起白来，要使唤丫头把门关上，丫头叫布立特尔去，布立特尔叫补锅匠去，补锅匠却装作没有听见。（三个定语译成三个等立的分句）
7.They remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship.
他往常做礼拜是时候，总是坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐老位置了。（用逆序分译法）
8.Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labour, tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers, with their wives and children, were forced into the cities in search of work, any work, under any condition, that would keep them alive.
于是，就出现了这样的情况：正当新办的工厂纷纷成立、需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘的从事农业的劳动者，携妻带儿，被迫流入城市；他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不讲什么条件，只要不让他们饿死就行。（把逻辑推理表达清楚）
9.The Prime Minister added, “We are now once again regarded by other sta tes as a power whose judgement can be trusted and whose promises can be relied on.”
首相接着说：“我们这个大国的判断是可以相信的，我们这个大国的诺言是可以信赖的；现在其他国家又把我们当作这样的大国了。”（宾语的修饰成分太长，需分译）
10.During twenty years of environmental work that has taken me to eighty countries, I have been constantly struck by the fact that one resource lies at the heart of all life and most livelihoods for the planet’s citizens. It is water.
我做过20年环境保护工作，去过80个国家。在此期间，有一件事不断给我留下深刻的印象：有一种资源处于地球上所有生命和人类大部分生活的中心地位，这就是水。
(…有一种资源对于地球上所有生命，对于人类的大部分生活来说都是至关重要的，这就是水。)
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填空题复习资料： 1.翻译人才在中国古代被称作象寄之才/象胥/舌人。 2.东晋时期的道安提出 “按本而传”的翻译思想,被人们称为直译的鼻祖。 3.六朝时期鸠摩罗什曾提出“改梵为秦，失其藻蔚，虽得大意，殊隔文体，有似嚼饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕哕也。”主张“依实出华。” 被人们称为意译的鼻祖。 4.《春秋谷梁传》中记载了孔子的“名从主人，物从中国”的翻译思想，而该译论比古罗马哲人西塞罗提出的“不要逐字翻译”早四五百年。 5.三国时期的支谦所作《法句经序》被看作是我国第一篇有关翻译的论文。钱钟书在其《管锥编》中指出：“严复译《天演论》牟例所 标：‘译事三难：信、达、雅’，三字皆已见此序。” 6.中国译学理论中不同时期的翻译标准可大致描述为：案本—求信—神似—化境—忠实，通顺—翻译标准多元互补论。 7. 按翻译题材，翻译可分为文学翻译、政论翻译、应用文翻译和科技翻译。 8．20世纪50年代初，傅雷在《〈高老头〉重译本序》中提出了“所求的不在形似而在神似”的重要观点；60年代初，钱钟书在《林纾的翻译》中提出了“化境”的翻译标准。 9. Translations are like women—when they are faithful they are not beautiful, when they are beautiful they are not faithful. 此比喻与我国老子的一个说法不谋而合。老子说：“信言不美、美言不信”。 10．20世纪90年代，美籍意大利学者韦努蒂（Lawrence Venuti ）提出了抵抗式翻译/反翻译resistance translation翻译理论，该理论对于提高译者的地位很有帮助，但还不足以构成新的范式。 11.斯内尔-霍恩比（Mary Snell-Hornby）在其2006年的新著 《翻译研究的多重转向》中介绍：20世纪80年代，西方翻译研究出现文化转向；90年代出现实证论转向和全球化转向；而进入新世纪，翻译研究又回到了语言学时代，出现了“U字形转向”（U-turn）。 12. 1964年, 奈达博士在《翻译科学初探》(Toward a Science of Translating)一书中将译文读者引入翻译标准，提出了功能翻译（Functional Equivalence）(请用中英文填写)的翻译原则。 13．辜正坤在全国首届翻译理论研讨会上提出了“翻译标准多元互补论”，在该理论体系中,提出了翻译的最高标准是最佳近似度，这是一个形同虚设的抽象标准，真正有意义的是一大群具体标准。
毕业设计_英语专业论文外文翻译
1. Introduction America is one of the countries that speak English. Because of the special North American culture, developing history and the social environment, American English has formed its certain unique forms and the meaning. Then it turned into American English that has the special features of the United States. American English which sometimes also called United English or U.S English is the form of the English language that used widely in the United States .As the rapid development of American economy, and its steady position and strong power in the world, American English has become more and more widely used. As in 2005, more than two-thirds of English native speakers use various forms of American English. The philologists of the United States had divided the English of the United States into four major types: “America n creating”; “Old words given the new meaning”; “Words that eliminated by English”;“The phonetic foreign phrases and the languages that are not from the English immigrates”[1]. Compared to the other languages, American English is much simple on word spelling, usage and grammar, and it is one of the reasons that American English is so popular in the world. The thesis analyzes the differences between American English and British English. With the main part, it deals with the development of American English, its peculiarities compared to that of British English, its causes and tendency. 2. Analyses the Differences As we English learners, when we learning English in our junior or senior school, we already came across some words that have different spellings, different pronunciations or different expressions, which can be represented by following contrasted words: spellings in "color" vs. "colour"; pronunciations in "sec-re-ta-ry" vs. "sec-re-try";
本科毕业设计外文翻译
Section 3 Design philosophy, design method and earth pressures 3.1 Design philosophy 3.1.1 General The design of earth retaining structures requires consideration of the interaction between the ground and the structure. It requires the performance of two sets of calculations: 1）a set of equilibrium calculations to determine the overall proportions and the geometry of the structure necessary to achieve equilibrium under the relevant earth pressures and forces; 2）structural design calculations to determine the size and properties of thestructural sections necessary to resist the bending moments and shear forces determined from the equilibrium calculations. Both sets of calculations are carried out for specific design situations (see 3.2.2) in accordance with the principles of limit state design. The selected design situations should be sufficiently Severe and varied so as to encompass all reasonable conditions which can be foreseen during the period of construction and the life of the retaining wall. 3.1.2 Limit state design This code of practice adopts the philosophy of limit state design. This philosophy does not impose upon the designer any special requirements as to the manner in which the safety and stability of the retaining wall may be achieved, whether by overall factors of safety, or partial factors of safety, or by other measures. Limit states (see 1.3.13) are classified into: a) ultimate limit states (see 3.1.3); b) serviceability limit states (see 3.1.4). Typical ultimate limit states are depicted in figure 3. Rupture states which are reached before collapse occurs are, for simplicity, also classified and
英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)
例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬 例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化 例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ） 译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no
中英翻译练习题(2018-6-6)1
中英翻译练习题 1.沿途要住在停留和反省。 Stop and reflect along the way. 2.不过我认为还要有些橄榄油和醋，这样你随时可以兴之所至就弄个沙拉。 Although I’d also include some olive oil and vinegar so you’re always prepared for an impromptu salad. 3.每个流出序列流都有一个条件，将通过评估此条件来确定对应序列流是否发生。 Each outgoing Sequence Flow has a condition that will be evaluated to determine whether or not it occurs. 4.我将这些蚀刻图案当成终极的科学纹身纹在身上。 I like to think of these engravings as the ultimate science tattoos. 5.但是，互联网作为最终的数字传输版的营销市场的观念现在还是令人怀疑。
But the notion of the Web as the ultimate marketplace for digital delivery is now in doubt. 6.激活外出性同步化并设置时间跨度。 Enable outgoing synchronization and set the time span. 7.你想从极限简约主义那学到一些生活中的经验吗？ Would you like to learn some lessons in life from the ultimate minimalist? 8.她替他们起草一个计划。 She draft out a plan for them. 9.不过，各个语言组正在努力解决这些问题，您应当参考相应语言绑定的文档，以了解有哪些限制（如果有）。 However, the language teams are hard at work to address that, and you should refer to the documentation of your language bindings to see what (if any) limitations apply. 10.我们在原则上接受了这个条款。 We accepted the item in principle.
java毕业论文外文文献翻译
Advantages of Managed Code Microsoft intermediate language shares with Java byte code the idea that it is a low-level language witha simple syntax , which can be very quickly translated intonative machine code. Having this well-defined universal syntax for code has significant advantages. Platform independence First, it means that the same file containing byte code instructions can be placed on any platform; atruntime the final stage of compilation can then be easily accomplished so that the code will run on thatparticular platform. In other words, by compiling to IL we obtain platform independence for .NET, inmuch the same way as compiling to Java byte code gives Java platform independence. Performance improvement IL is actually a bit more ambitious than Java bytecode. IL is always Just-In-Time compiled (known as JIT), whereas Java byte code was ofteninterpreted. One of the disadvantages of Java was that, on execution, the process of translating from Javabyte code to native executable resulted in a loss of performance. Instead of compiling the entire application in one go (which could lead to a slow start-up time), the JITcompiler simply compiles each portion of code as it is called (just-in-time). When code has been compiled.once, the resultant native executable is stored until the application exits, so that it does not need to berecompiled the next time that portion of code is run. Microsoft argues that this process is more efficientthan compiling the entire application code at the start, because of the likelihood that large portions of anyapplication code will not actually be executed in any given run. Using the JIT compiler, such code willnever be compiled.
长句翻译中英对照
1、Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case. 正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动；所以，直接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展程度，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。 2、Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 3、How it happened that a little rocky peninsula in a remote corner of the Mediterranean was able to provide our world in less than two centuries with the complete framework for all our present day experiments in politics, literature, drama, sculpture, chemistry, physics and Heaven knows what else, is a question
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