2007年清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解

清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试

英语试题

Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略）

Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%)

Directions ：There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C and D* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage：

Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generating ever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expan?ding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)*

When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.

Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today，however, the equation is completely different~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world?s largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.

Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share；squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain of

nearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased,from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's share repurchase program.

16. This passage is probably a part of ?

A. Find Hidden Value in the Market

B. Become Richer

C. Get Good Bargains

D. Identify Good Companies

17. The italicized word“ stagnant?，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ?

A. prominent

B. terrible

C. unchanged

D. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because .

A. it has stored a large quantity of goods

B. it has become financially more powerful

C. it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy

D. it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies

19. All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT ?

A, The cash dividend has increased. B. The earning power has become stronger.

C Both businesses have continued to grow^ D. The stock price has greatly decreased

20. According to the author，one had better ?

A. buy more shares when the stock price falls down

B. sell out the shares when the stock price falls down

C. do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls down

D. invest in the business when its stock price falls down

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage ：

Today?s college students are more narcissistic(自恋的）and self-centered than their predecessors, ac?cording to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmfiil to personal relationships and American society.

u We need to stop endlessly repeating … You?re special' and having children repeat that back”，said the study?s lead author，Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University, “Kids are self-centered enough al?ready “Unfortunately，narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of close relationships with othars”，he said The study asserts that narcissists “ are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived，at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmtb，and to exhibitor game-playing，dishonesty, and.over-controlling and violent behaviors，，. Twenge, the author of “Generation Me：Why Today?s Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled~and More Miserable Than Ever Before”，said narcissists tend to lack empathy，react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others*

Some analysts have commended today?s young people for increased commitment to volunteer work But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically，noting that many high schools require community service %

and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college* applications.

Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的）that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “ Permissiveness seems to be a component”，he said “ A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting* Less indulgence might be called for”

Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.

Hanady Kader，a University of Washington senior，said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded But she is dismayed (气傻；灰心、）by the com?petitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status* “We，re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way”，Kader said “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships”.

Kari Dalane，a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered “ People are worried about themselves—^but in the sense of where are they?re go?ing to find a place in the world”，she said “People w ant to look their best, have a good time, but it doesn?t mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world” ；

Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome，Dalane said.

“ It would be more depressing if people answered, 4No, I?m not special，，，?

21. According to the passage，a narcissistic person may - ，

A. hate criticism

B. be dishonest to his/her partner

C, be unwilling to help others D；All the above

22. The italicized word “ commended” (line 1, Para. 3) means

A. praised

B. criticized C recommended D. disfavored

23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Narcissism may result in bad consequences-

B. College students are active to participate in volunteer work.

C. Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.

D. Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.

24. It is implied that ?

A. both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism

B. the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the study

C. the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study

D. college students are pessimistic about their future

25- It is proper to be when you hear someone say “I，m special'

A. objective

B. pessimistic C optimistic D. worried

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：

The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries*4i

The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting 狂majority of vote cards，instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election，which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business，the U. S, Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isn?t about preventing increased unionization, it?s about protecting rights”，said the National Associa?tion of Manufacturer?s Jason Straczewski, of his organization?s opposition to bi ll Straczewski says elimina?ting the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,

Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “ Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren?t”，Samuel said He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal em?ployer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby，the secret ballot would not be e- liminated The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the em?ployers. “ On the ground，the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference be?tween night and day”，said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.

The bill has other provisions (规定，条款）as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be

in effect for 2 years，a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional”. “I don，t see how it will benefit employees if they?re locked into a contract” ? said Straczewski

The bill?s proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling em?ployers. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004，45 percent of newly farmed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees- As it stands，the law on the books hasn?t changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935. The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.

26* Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

A. House bill aipis to spur labor union growth.

B. House bill aims to counter labor union growth,

C. Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment

D. Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees，income.

27. According to its opponents, the bill .

A. will protect employees，rights

B. will benefit workers by binding contracts

C. will empower unions too much

D. makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions

28. The word “ it” (line 4，Para 5) refers to ?

A. the change

B. the legislation C the AFL-CIO D. the difference

29. People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT .

A. the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries*

B. the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local level.

C. binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can，t be agreed oa between cently estabUshed union and a company,

D. the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees.

30. It is implied that ?

A. fewer private industries joined unions in the past workers' coercion often comes from unions

C. the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employers

D. punishment authorized by the bill will be lighter

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：

Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many pe叩le，s views on race，history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped soci?ety and the world with their spirit and their ideals.

Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learning to fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion，going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became known as much for his swagger (耻髙气扬）outside the ring as his movement in it，converting to Islam in 1965，changing his name to Muhammad Ali ￡uid refusing to join the U- S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his ath?letic career ended and he developed Parkinson?s disease，even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying

the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks*

W. E. B, Du Bois Bom William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868，this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent，prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic，activist and historian，Du Bois co?founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), edited “The Crisis” magazine and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work, “The Souls of Black Folk”，published in 1903，he predicted “the problem of 20th century [ would be] the problem of the color-line”.

Martin Luther King Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jn is considered one of the most powerful and pop?ular leaders of the American civil tights movement He spearheaded(带头；作先锋）a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches，sit-ins，boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans' attitudes to?ward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism inthe early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965, Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lee?s 1992 movie “Malcolm X” was released

Jackie Robinson in 1947，Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, be?coming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. After retirement from baseball in 1957，he remained active in civil rights and youth activities. In 1962，he became the first African-American to be in?ducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

31. Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?

A. He never served in the army.

He learned to fight at an early age.

C. His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.

D. He loves peace.

32. The italicized word “prolific” (line 2, Par a 3) is synonymous to?

A, smart B. skilled C. productive D. pioneering

33. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A, W. E. B. Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people.

B. Jackie Robinson was denied by U. Sz major baseball leagues throughout his life.

C Martin Luther King Jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements.

D. Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his deatL

34. What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?

A. Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognized

B. Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn?t win recognition until death.

C. All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime.

D. All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.

35. Which of the following can be a title of the passage?

A. Life of famous African Americans

B. Influence of famous African Americans

C. Political pioneers ：Icons and intellectuals

D. Cultursd pioneers ：Icons and intellectuals

Part m V ocabulary (10%)

Directions ：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four

choices mariced A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

36- The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to the weight of the building.

A. subside

B. idealize

C. initiate D, sustain

37. The actress was very at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference. A, extraterrestrial B. explicit C. indignant D. innovative

38* It is known to all that children in this region have strong to swimming in summer because of the hot weather ?

A. inclination

B. exposure

39. The torch was by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting.

A. implement

B. deceive

C. exemplify

D. ignited

40. These samples have to be in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them.

A. mmiersed

B. crisped

C. armored

D. arrayed

41. Her talk at the seminar clearly from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology.

A. alternated B, amplified C. designated D. diverged

42. Three years before he returned home from the United States.

A. denbted

B. destined

C. elapsed

D. enveloped

43. Aplan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.

A. deliberate

B. disincentive

C. functional

D. fantastic

44. Sometimes in drawing and designing, the sign X the unknown number.

A, facilitates B. fascinates C. denotes D. jots

45. The speaker was very much by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.

A. jerked

B. incensed

C. laced

D. limped

46. The two countries have developed a relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.

A. managerial

B. lethal C metric D. cordial

47.The doctor?s was that she should go and see the specialist in this field

A. constraint

B. counsel

C. coherence

D. consciousness

48.The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following itsdeclaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.

A- unanimous B. abstract C. autonomous D. almighty

49. They need to move to new and large apgtfttnents. Do you know of any ones in this area?

A. evacuated

B. empty

C. vacant

D. vacate

50. The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get quickly.

A. decomposed B_ denounced C. detached D. deduced

51. The government decided to take a action to strengthen the market management

A. diverse

B. durable

C. epidemic

D. drastic

52. The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to it

A. disgrace

B. disguise

C. defy

D. distress

53. They admitted that they shared the same on the matter.

A. potentiality

B. sentiment

C. postscript

D. subscription

54. We cannot be with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday.

A. pecked

B. reconciled

C. perturbed

D. presumed

55. Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region.

A. tugged B_ demolished C. hampered D. destroyed

Part IV Cloze(10%)

Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B，C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the world?s great seaport cities would be56 : New Orleans , Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries—Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific—would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt, 57 large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme 58 .

Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 59 in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world 60 water quality may result as 61 flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking, water supplies, and irreplaceable，natural 62 could be flooded with ocean water，destroying forever many of the 63 plant and animal species living there.

Food supplies and forests would be 64 affected Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 65 grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants，such as weeds and the insects 66 the crops.

Human health would also be affected Warming could 67 tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever,malaria，and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful 68 of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69. There will be some 70 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will 71 new agricultural lands，and warmer temperature will make some of today?s colder regions more 72 . But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systems—both plant and animal—will be less able than man to cope and 73 . Any change of temperature, rainfall，and sea level of the magnitude now 74 will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well.

The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions 75 by global warming.

56.A. ascended B. assaulted C. erased D. endangered

57. A. which B. where C. when D. what

58. A. dislocation B. discontent C. distribution D. distinction

59. A. rebuking B. rambling C resulting D. rallying

60. A. Increased B. Reduced C. Expanded D. Saddened

61. A. inland B. coastal C. urban D. suburban

62. A. dry-land B. mountain C. wetlands D. forest

63. A. unique B. precious C. interesting D. exciting

64. A, geologically B. adversely C. secretively D. serially

65. A. shift B. generate C. grease D. fuse

66. A. hiking B. hugging C. attacking D. activating

67. A. endanger B. accommodate C. adhere D. enlarge

68. A. profits B. values C. effects D. interests

69. A. conditions B. accommodation C. surroundings D. evolution

70. A. adjustments B. benefits C. adoptions D. profits

71. A. alternate B. abuse C. advocate D. create

72. A. accidental B. habitable C. anniversary D. ambient

73. A. adapt B. alleviate C. agitate D. assert

74. A. ascertained B. conformed C. consoled D. anticipated

75. A. tutored B. relayed C. triggered D. reflected

Part V Translation from ￡i^lish into Chmese(10%)

Directions ：Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.

Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy—including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it, but also environmental and so?ciopolitical impacts—detract from well-being. For most of human history，the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of the energy-well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organiza- tions for harvesting，converting，and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience，deprivation and constraints on growth. The 1970，s，then，represented a turning point After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expan?ding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.

Part VI Writii电(请将作文写在答题纸上）（1S%)

Directions：You are asked to write in no less than 200 words about the title of Harmful Plagiarism in Aca?demic Field in China You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止,以及你应该如何从自身做起。

2007年清华大学考博试题真题详解

16. A本题考查综合概括能力。文章表明，一个企业在产品销售量、经济规模都不断扩大，但股价却停滞不前时，这种情况的发生，是因为投资者因为太熟悉贸易范围而忽略了公司。因此要发现市场的隐藏价值。“When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar, with the trading range. ”

17- C本题考查单词记忆能力。stagnant停滞的，迟純的;prominent卓越的，突出的;terrible 很糟的，骇人的;unchanged无变化的，未改变的;progressing前进的，进步的。

18. B本题考查综合判断能力。文章指出，较大的红利，两倍的盈利能力，更多的商店，以及更大的基础设施支撑着沃尔玛股票的价格，尽管现在的价格是以前价格的一般。“Today，however, the equation is completely different~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence，trading at half its former price because each share is baclced by a larger dividend，twice the earnings power，more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. ”

19. D本题考査综合分析能力。文章指出，沃尔玛的股票价格是以前的一般，而可口可乐的股票处于停停滞态。“Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey

20. C本题考查综合分析能力。文章内容表明，作者在深度挖掘公司股票与公司之间的关系。

21. D本题考査综合判断能力D文章指出，自恋的人有很多消极的特征，讨厌批评,缺少情感温暖，强烈的控制欲等。“Narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self?promotion over helping others, ”

22. A本题考查单词记忆能力。commended称赞，表扬;praised赞扬，歌颂;criticized批评，非议;recommended推荐，委托;disfavored不赞成,冷待。

23. B本题考查综合理解能力。文章指出，自恋对个人的人际关系以及美国社会有害,于是有人想知道是否有控制自恋的有效方法，相对于帮助他人来讲，一些学生更注重厚爱自己。第一段“… the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and Americ an society.，，第四段“ ”,that he wasunsure if there were obvious remedies,，，第二段……“-favor self-promotion over helping others. ”0

24. C本题考查综合理解能力。文章指出，虽然学生的自恋让社会感到忧心，但是，情况并非糟糕透顶。第五段的“?"don?t necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation,，，第六段But she is dismayed(气俊；灰A、)by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely fo?cused on career status.第七段most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self- centered

25. C本题考査理解能力。文章指出，相对而言，人们更喜欢听到别人说自己与众不同。objective客观的，真实的；pessimistic悲观的，厌世的；optimistic乐观的；worried闷闷不乐的，为难的。It would be more depressing if people answered，“ No，I?m not special. ”

26. A本题考查综合概括能力。文章指出，为了平衡公平竞争关系，议院想通过法案来调整劳工与雇主之间的不和谐关系o “The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries. ”

27. D本题考查综合分析能力。文章指出，一些人担心消除秘密投票步骤将会开辟劳工威胁工会的可倉巨。第三段“ Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coer?cion from unions.，，

28. B本题考查综合理解能力。文章指出，这项立法对国家有重大作用。第五段的“On the ground，the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day”，said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have a tre- mendous impact on the local level.

29. A本题考查综合理解能力。文章指出，法案的通过，将有助于改善劳工与雇主之间的关系。“The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the pla?ying field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership a- mong private industries. ”

30. A本题考査逻辑推理能力。文章指出，公司是员工受到威胁的主要来源，法案将对不合理行为加强处罚。

31. C本题考查逻辑推理能力。文章指出，阿里结束了他的运动生涯，得了帕金森并，但他仍然受到欢迎。第二段：“ Ali remained popular after his athletic ca reer ended and he developed Parkinson?s dis?ease, even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful vir?tues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks. ”

32. C本题考查单词记忆。prolific多产的，大量繁殖的;smart巧妙的，灵敏的;skilled熟练的;produc- tive能产的，多产的;pioneering首创的，先导的。

33. B本题考查综合理解能力。文章指出，美国甲级联盟第一位黑人棒球队员是Jackie Robinson。第六段：“In 1947，Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. ”

34. A本题考查综合判断能力。文章指出，一些非洲裔美国人对美国社会产生了深刻影响，改变了人们的种族、历史、文化观念。“Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many people?s views on race，history and politics. ”

35. D本题考查综合概括能力。文章指出，一些非洲裔美国人用他们的精神和理想影响了社会和世界。“ The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals. ”

36. D subside下沉，下陷;idealize理想化，使合于理想;initiate开始，发起;sustain支撑,撑住。

37. C extraterrestrial地球外的，宇宙的；explicit明确的，直率的；indignant愤怒的，愤慨的;innovative创新的，革新的。

38. A inclination倾向，爱好;exposure曝光，揭发;flux涨潮，变迁;correlation相关性。

39. D implement工具，器具;deceive使弄错，使失望;exemplify例证，例示;ignited点火，点燃。

40. A immersed沉浸的，使陷入;crisped起皱的;armored武装，装甲的；arrayed打扮，装饰。

41. D alternated交替，轮流;amplified夸大，增强;designated指定的，指派的;diverged偏离，离题。

42- C denoted指示，概述;destined指定，预定;elapsed (时间）经过，消逝;enveloped包封，外壳。

43. A deliberate深思熟虑的，周密的;disincentive妨碍活动的，有阻碍作用的;functional功能的,机能

的;fantastic幻想的，空想的。

44. C facilitates促进，助长;fascinates迷住，盛惑;denotes表示，指示;jots略记,草草地记下。

45. B jerked肌肉抽搐的,疼挛；incensed激怒的，发怒;laced有花边的，有带子的；limped 跛行的，柔软的。

46. D managerial管理的，经理的;lethal致命的，杀伤性的;metric米制的，公制的;cordial友好的，真诚的。

47. D constraint 约束，压抑;counsel 讨论，忠告;coherence —致，统一;consciousness 知觉，感觉,意识。

48. A unanimous意见一致的;abstract观念的，抽象的；autonomous自治的，自发的;almighty 全能的，非常的。

49. C evacuated撤退者的;empty空的，无聊的;vacant空闲的，空缺的;vacate腾出，空出。

50. A decomposed分解，腐烂;denounced指责，谴责;detached孤立的，分离的;deduced推论，演绎。

51. D diverse不同的，另lj的;durable持久的，坚牢的;epidemic流行的，传染的;drastic严厉的,强硬的。

52. C disgrace玷污，贬黜;disguise假装，借口；defy不服从，公然反抗;distress使悲痛，

使苦恼。

53. B potentiality 可能性,潜能;sentiment 情感，观点;postscript 附言，后记;subscription 捐献，签名。

54. B pecked琢食，凿;reconciled使和解，使和谐，使顺从；perttirbed感到不安,搅乱;presumed 假定，推测。

55. C tugged用力拉，挣扎;demolished毁坏，推翻;hampered妨碍，牵制;destroyed破坏，消灭。

56. D A. ascended 上升，追溯;B. assaulted 攻击，袭击;C. erased 抹去，忘掉;D. endangered 危及。

57. B A. which哪个;B. where什么地方;C when什么时候;D, what什么。

58. A A. dislocation 混乱，打乱;B. discontent 不满，不愉快;C distribution 分配，配给；D. distinction 区别，特征。

59. C人rebuking斥责，指责;B. rambling漫游，放浪的;C resulting导致;D. rallying重整旗鼓，振奋。

60. B A. Increased 增加，增进;B, Reduced 减少，简化;C. Expanded 膨胀；展开;D. Saddened 使悲哀；使黯然。

61. B A. inland 内陆的;B. coastal 沿海的;C. urban 城市的;D. suburban 郊外的。

62. C A. dry-land 旱地;B, mountain 山，山脉;C. wetlands 潮湿的土壤，沼泽地;D. forest 森林?

63. A人unique唯一的，独特的；B, precious宝贵的，珍贵的；C. interesting有趣味的，好奇的；D. exciting令人兴奋的，使人激动的。

64. B A. geologically地质地，地质学地；B. adversely反面地，负面地；C. secretively秘密地，隐秘地；D. serially连续地，顺次。

65. A A. shift转换，改变;B, generate产生，生育；C. grease油脂，贿赂;D. fuse擦合,溶化。

66. C人hiking远足，步行；B. hugging拥抱，搂抱；C attacking攻击，动手；D. activating 创设，使活动。

67. D人endanger危及，危害;B, accommodate供应,调节;C adhere粘附，坚持;X). enlarge扩大，扩充。

68. C A. profits 利润，得益;B. values 价值，估价;C. effects 结果,影响;D. interests 兴趣，关心。

69. A A. conditions 条件，情形，环境；B. accommodation 住处，设备；C. surroundings 环境，附近；D. evolution进展，演变。答案是A。

70. B A. adjustments 调整，清算;B. benefits 利益，好处;C, adoptions 接受，收养;D. profits 利润，得益。

71 ? D A. alternate交替，间隔;B, abuse滥用，污蔑;C advocate提倡，律师;D, create创造，创设。

72. B A. accidental意外的，非本质的;B. habitable可居住的，适于居住的；C anniversary周年纪念的，周年的;D. ambient周围的，包围着的。

73* A A. adapt使适应，改编;B. alleviate缓和，减轻;C. agitate搅动，煽动;D, assert断言，坚持。

74. D A. ascertained 确定，查明；B. conformed 使一致,使顺从;C consoled 安慰，慰问;D. anticipated预期，期望。

75. C A. tutored当家庭教师；当……的导师；B. relayed使接替，转播；C triggered引发，触发；D. reflected反省，细想。

Part V Translation from En^ish into Chinese

要想理解这种转变，就需要回顾一下能源和人类幸福这两方面的联系。能源为人类的幸福积极地贡献着，它不仅为经济生产提供了必要的投入，还为人类提供了消费服务，如供热和照明等。但是消耗能源的代价降低了人类幸福的程度，这些代价不仅包括投入开采和应用能源的资金和其他资源，还包括对环境、社会和政治所造成的影响。

在人类历史的大部分时间里，关于能源问题人类主要关心的是能源消耗给人类带来幸福的方面。能源资源的不足，或者更多的是用来开采、转化和分配这些能源的技术力量的不足,组织的混乱导致能源效益不足，也因此阻碍、制约了发展。但20世纪70年代出现了一个转折点。在经过几十年的能源货币成本的保持稳定或者下降之后^~其环境和社会成本一直是被当作次要的成本在考虑——如今

清华大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题1

的能源无论从哪方面来看都变得更昂贵了。过多的能源成本有可能开始对不足的能源供应造成威胁。增加能源供应的一些形式可能造成成本高于利益，这也是可以想象的。

Part VI Writing

Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China

Currently it is common to see that some people plagiarize other，s ideas or sentences for their own pur?poses ，which not only confuses the field of academic enquiry，but engenders execrable effects to the whole society as well.

As far as I?m concerned，the abuses that plagiarism causes can be summed up as following. In the first place, plagiarism will hinder the original copyright holders in their further writing and thinking severely if their copyright can ? t be protected properly，for the value of their original works are decreased In the second place, it is also haraiful to those who plagiarize other people，s writing and thinking- For example, such be?havior will lead to suspension from school or office，removal from a research and so on.

How to hold back such problem is worthy of being considered by all of us. Our government should rein?force the strength of protecting copyright，set up a series of rules to punish the plagiarizers and intensify the propaganda through mass media. In this way, the common people will be cultivated to possess the conscious?ness of protecting copyright

As for me，when I quote thinking and writing from the original author?s，I shouldn? t just alter several words and adjust a few paragraphs. What I should do is to mark the provenance around the phrases or sen?tences I quote.

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