《史记·项羽本纪》阅读题答案及翻译

《史记·项羽本纪》阅读题答案及翻译

项羽已杀卿子冠军①，威震楚国，名闻诸侯。乃遣当阳君、蒲将军将卒二万渡河，救巨鹿。战少利，陈余复请兵。项羽乃悉引兵渡河，皆沉船，破釜甑②，烧庐舍，持三日粮，以示士卒必死，无一还心。于是至围王离，与秦军遇，九战，绝其甬道，大破之杀苏角，虏王离。③涉间不降楚，自烧杀④。当是时，楚兵冠诸侯。

——《史记·项羽本纪》

注：①卿子冠军：楚军上将军，被项羽斩杀。②甑：zèng，古代蒸饭的一种瓦器。

③涉间：秦末将军。④自烧杀：自焚而死。

16．下列句中加点词意思相同的一项是（）。（2分）

A．名闻诸侯有仙则名

B．以示士卒必死以中有足乐者

C．绝其甬道哀转久绝

D．蒲将军将卒二万渡河上使外将兵

17．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。（2分）

当是时，楚兵冠诸侯。

18．这个故事可用成语概括，请写出你从这个故事中得到的启发。（2分）

参考答案：

16．B（2分）

17．这时，楚军强大居诸侯之首。（2分）

18．破釜沉舟启发示例：任何的事情只要下决心就一定要做到底。（2分）

翻译：

项羽诛杀了卿子冠军，威震楚国，名扬诸侯。他首先派遣当阳君、蒲将军率领二万人渡过漳河，援救巨鹿。战争只有一些小的胜利，陈余又来请求增援。项羽就率领全部军队渡过漳河，把船只全部弄沉，把锅碗全部砸破，把军营全部烧毁，只带上三天的干粮，以此向士卒表示一定要决死战斗，毫无退还之心。部队抵达前线，就包围了王离，与秦军遭遇，交战多次，阻断了秦军所筑甬道，大败秦军，杀了苏角，俘虏了王离。涉间拒不降楚，自焚而死。这时，楚军强大居诸侯之首

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