考研英语二真题和答案
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题
完形填空：
Section I Use of English
Directions:
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with - or even looking at - a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.
It’s a sad reality - our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings- because
there’s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it,
3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the
4 :“Please don’t approach me.”
What is it that makes us feel we need to hid 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird.”We fear we’ll be 7 . We fear we’ll be disruptive.
Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to turn our phones.“Phones become our security blanket,”Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”
But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and ’t
12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters todo the unthinkable:“Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder
asked other people in the same train station to 15 how the would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on thier own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”
18 these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
1.[A]signal [B]permit [C]ticket [D]record
2.[A]nothing [B]little [C]another [D]much
3.[A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought
4.[A]sign [B]code [C]notice [D]message
5.[A]under [B]behind [C]beyond [D]from
6.[A]misapplied [B]mismatched [C]misajusted [D]misinterpreted
7.[A]replaced [B]fired [C]judged [D]delayed
8.[A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar
9.[A]comfortable [B]confident [C]anxious [D]angry
10.[A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn
11.[A]dangerous [B] mysterious [C]violent [D]boring
12.[A]hurt [B] resist [C]bend [D]decay
13.[A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation
14.[A]passengers [B]employees [C]researchers [D]trainees
15.[A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design
16.[A]voyage [B]ride [C]walk [D]flight
17.[A]went though [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up
18.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In particular [D]In consequence
19.[A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas
20.[A]funny [B]logical [C]simple [D]rare 答案：
A. signal
D. much
B. plugged
D. message
C.behind
D.misinterpreted
C.judged
D.unfamiliar
A. anxious
D. turn
A.dangerous
A hurt
B.conversation
A. passengers
C. predict
B. ride
A.went through
B.in fact
B.since
C.simple
阅读：
Text1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, shenotes.“ It is men, notwomen, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-householdtasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it’s not just a gender thing. Atwork, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing:working,marking money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they
need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they’re your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.
So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home
[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement
[C] generated more stress than the workplace
[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation
22.According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
[A] Childless wives
[B] Working mothers
[C] Childless husbands
[D] Working fathers
23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that
[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office
[B] their home is also a place for kicking back
[C] there is often much housework left behind
[D] they are both bread winners and housewives
24.The word“ moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means
[A] skills
[B] energy
[C] earnings
[D] nutrition
25.The home front differs from the workplace in that
[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment
[C] household tasks are generally more motivating
[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded
Text 1 答案
21 A offered greater relaxation than the workplace
22 C childless husbands
23 D they are both bread winners and housewives.
24 C earnings
25 A division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
Text 2
For years，studies have found that fiest-generation college students –those who do not have a parent with a college – lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recuit more of them.. This has created “a paradox”in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and whden, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning ofa paper forthcoming in the joutnal Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimisitic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their finding are based on a study invoving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
Their thesis – that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact – was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievenebt gap.
Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ abd take advantage of college resources,”they write.And this becomes more of a problem when college don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of diffierent groups of students.“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.
26Recruiting more first-generation students has_
A.reduced their dropout rates
B.narrowed the achievement gap
C.missed its original purpose
D.depressed college students
27The authors of the research article are optimisitic because
A.the problem is solvable
B.their approach is costless
C.the recruiting rate has increased
D.their finding appeal to students
28The study suggests that most first-generation students
A.study at private universities
B.are from single-parent families
C.are in need of financial support
D.have failed their college
29The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students
A are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
B.can have a potential influence on other students
C.may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
D.are inexperienced in handing their issues at college
30 We may infer from the last paragraph that
A. universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
B.students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
C.social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
D.colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text 2 答案
26 C missed its original purpose
27 A the problem is solvable
28 C are in need of financial support
29 D are experienced in handling their issues at college
30 D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
Text 3
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy
follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”
Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”
31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that
[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.
[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.
[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.
[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.
32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to
[A]found.
[B]revised.
[C]marked
[D]stored
33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
[A]pose a threat to all its peers
[B]meet with strong opposition
[C]increase Science’s circulation.
[D]set an example for other journals
34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now
A.adds to researchers’ worklosd.
B.diminishes the role of reviewers.
C.has room for further improvement.
D.is to fail in the foreseeable future.
35.Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
B.Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
C.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks
D.Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
Text3 答案
31 A more emotional
32 C sports culture
33 D strengthen employee loyalty
34 A voices for working women
35 D regular people mock it but accept it
Text4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June ,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want
full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people ,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
36.Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?
[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.
[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.
[C] The possibility of full employment.
[D] The acceleration of job creation.
37.Many people work part-time because they .
[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.
[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.
[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.
[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.
38.Involuntary part-time employment is the US .
[A] satisfies the real need of the jobless.
[B] is harder to acquire than one year ago.
[C] shows a general tendency of decline.
[D] is lower than before the recession.
39.It can be learned that with Obamacare, .
[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
[B] full-time employment is still essential for insurance
[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
[D] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
40.The text mainly discusses .
[A] employment in the US
[B] part-timer classification
[C] insurance though Medicaid
[D] Obamacare’s trouble 新
题型：
41 D most of your fears are unreal
42 E think about the present moment
43 G there are many things to be grateful for
44 A you are not alone
45 C pave your own unique path
翻译：
回想一下这样的经历：开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的道路上。这可能是你每天上下班的必经之路，可能是进城的旅行，亦或是回家的道路。不管是哪一种，你都了解每一个屈折拐弯之处，就像熟悉自己手背上的纹路一样。在这些所有类型的旅途中，很容易失去驾车的注意力，并且几乎不注意沿途的风景。结果，比起这段路途实际需要的时间，你的感觉是花费的时间更少。
这就是经常旅行线路效应：人们往往低估了花费在一条熟悉的路线上的时间。这种效应是由于我们分配注意力的方式引起的。当我们旅行一条非常著名的路线时，
因为我们不是非得注意太多，时间似乎流逝得更快。然后，当我们回忆起这段旅程时，因为我们没有花费太多的注意力，因此我们对之记忆地不太清楚，所以我们认为这段旅行更为短途。
作文：
47.Directions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to
1)briefly introduce the camp activities, and
2)call for volunteers.
You should write about 100words on the ANSERE SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
Notice
June 27, 2014
So and so has the honor to announce that our university is planning to hold a summer camp for the students from high school from July 4 to 11 at Campus A.
During the camp, we are going to arrange the students to visit our campus and then have classes to let them experience the real university life. Therefore, to organize these activities successfully, we are badly in need of the volunteers who are expected to be open-minded and have the experience of being a part-time volunteer in similar activities.
If you are interested, please do not hesitate to send your resume to the following email address: studentsunion@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2212348590.html,.
Students’ Union
大作文：
Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should
1)interpret the chart.and
2)give your comments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET(15 points)
大作文范文：
48.Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1)interpret the chart, and
2)give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
Here is a pie chart, simple but accurate. It goes without saying that the chart records the proportions of the Spring Festival’s expense of the residents in a certain city in China, which successfully arouses our curiosity. As is clearly reflected by the graph, the expense has been spent on totally different things. Especially, the money used to buy the New Year’s gifts accounts for 40% of the entire expense, which already outweighs all the others. Definitely, what the chart reflects is supposed to be given further analysis.
Theoretically, several reasons may trigger the trend that people tend to spend more money to buy gifts during the Spring Festival, but as for my part, the following two are of great value. On the top of list is that the current state of the affair may have been encouraged, though not justified, by the widely spreading advertisements of gifts. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally acknowledged that the Spring Festival is the most important festival in our nation during which most people will buy gifts for their families and friends.
Taking into account what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the present situation concisely conveyed by the pie chart will sustain in the forthcoming years.