新编大学英语(4)课后答案完整版(浙大)

Unit 1

1. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer

2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D

3) A tempting B temptation C tempt

4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason

5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis

6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values

7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless

8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood

2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority

4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice

7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction

10) a sense of urgency

3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments

4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement

7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint

9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance

4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed

7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice

13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble

Unit2

Step One

Column A Column B The Compound Words created through day throughout

up man upbeat, uplift

draw eared drawback

teen ready teenage

hand conscious handout, handwritten

birth back birthday, birthstone

chair distance chairman

rag beat rag-eared

ever lift ever-ready

over age overdue, overage

long due long-distance, long-eared

self stone self-conscious

mile out mileage, milestone

type wishing typewriter, typewritten

well Writer/written well-wishing, well-written Step Two

1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter

6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared

11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage

3. 1) thrives

2) strategy

3) annual

4) deserve

5) spontaneous

6) sincere

7) investments

8) enterprise

9) follow up

10) characterized

11) lingered

12) acknowledged

4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C

tough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A

6. 1) searched

2) clever

3) solution

4) wasted

5) tolerate

6) hidden

7) dumb

8) subject

9) noise

10) extra

11) purchased

12) replaced

13) appreciation

14) hurried

15) warrant

16) strange

Unit 3

Understanding the Organization of the Text

(1) Introduction (para 1)

It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, and

interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.

(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)

Supporting evidence

A. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)

i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.

ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes

and go on to higher achievement.

iii) Two examples:

a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were takin g over the class-

room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.

b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law

and medical school classrooms in recent years.

B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles.

(para. 3)

i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in

class.

ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the

girls were given the task of putting the materials away.

C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’ assumption.

(para 4)

i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math and

science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.

ii) Three examples:

a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in

math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.

b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop

reading problems.

c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do

equally well in reading.

(3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)

A. Supporting evidence:

i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than

girl preschoolers.

ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while

girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be

approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.

B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in their

answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.

C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking

hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional

and expected mold.

Vocabulary

1. 1) genetic

2) assign

3) noticeably

4) approved

5) Bias

6) deprived

7) constituted

8) participation

9) unintentional

10) postgraduate

2.conscious- unconscious

encourage- discourage

directly- indirectly

sexist – nonsexist

dependent- independent

positive – negative

superior - inferior

biased – fair

limited – unlimited

appropriately- inappropriately

3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B

4. 1) turn out

2) carry over

3) calling on

4) put away

5) fallen behind

6) take over

Unit 4 Creativity

Word Building (P 141)

1. confuse

A. I was confused in…

B. There seems to be some confusion …

2. intelligent

A. have a low intelligence

B. intelligent

3. humor

A. A humorous thing

B. people lacking in humor

4. strategy

A. improve his strategy

B. … is of great strategic importance

5. motivate

A. students who are well motivated and happy in their leaning

B. His motivation was so strong that…

6. combine

A. a combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep in class.

B. Sickness, combined with bad weather, made our trip impossible

7. create

A. the creation of a new exam system

B. the most creative writer

8. pursue

A. In pursuit of…

B. She is pursuing her studies

9. multiply

A. learning multiplication

B. if you multiple four by tree…

10. employ

A. He was healthy but he did not know how to employ (使用;应用)his energy

B. the employment of modern machinery

Filling the blanks (P 142):

1) Is just a working model; we haven’t perfected it yet.

2) We need to find the best way of approaching the problem.

3) Which do you value more, wealth and health.

4) You’ll soon learn how the office functions (=work运作)

5) …adopt a different approach (采用不同方法)

6) The car… is in almost perfect condition.

7) Children should honor (尊敬) their father and mother.

8) The main function(功能) of the kidneys is to purity the blood.

9) It’s an honor to be asked to speak at this meeting.

10) For them, the main value of the house lay in its quiet location.

Filling the blanks (p 143)

1) We should not dismiss these ideas just because they are unfamiliar.

2) Pain and illness are thought to be the unavoidable consequences (后果)

3) The government is committed to (致力;投入) promoting the development

and use of public transportation.

4) The restriction no longer applies to him because he’s over 18.

5) …are vital /very important to…

6) His ideas were scorned (轻蔑;鄙视) by many American psychologists.

7) Internet connections through conventional (平常的; 惯常的) hone lines are fairly slow.

8) I have to buy a wedding present and I want to find something really original (新颖的; 独创的)

Filling the blanks(p 143)

1) consciously

2) innovative solutions

3) unconsciously

4) consciously

5) Imagination

6) Are not aware how…

7) in control of

8) Your future is created by your thoughts…

9) Your present no longer has to be an extension (延伸;延续) of your past.

10) A powerful technique

11) You are vulnerable(脆弱的;易受伤的) to others.

12) …so your life is unfolding (展开) that way

13) Joyful, creative, exciting experience.

14) You…have everything to gain.

15) Apply creative living to every area of your life.

Unit5

Understanding the organization of the text

1) Introduction (para. 1)

Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good or bad ones.

2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)

The author’s arguments:

A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model while

accepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete. (para. 2)

B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)

C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)

a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.

b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.

c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.

D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parents try to teach their children. (para. 5)

3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be role

modes. (para. 6-7)

A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.

Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside Jesus

Christ. (para. 6)

B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.

Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.

2. Ever sin ce I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywhere

without being the center of attention and I can’t even buy a

motorcycle I really want. (para. 7)

4) Conclusion (para 8-9)

The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.

A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to try to be good.

B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.

C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.

Vocabulary

2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far

4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to

8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it

3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlived

Unit 6 Risks

1. Vocabulary (p 223)

a. sensible advice

b. relative advantages

c. the mechanism that worked the alarm

d. … requires skill

e. eliminate all the errors

f. a plane crash

2. Filling the blanks (p 223)

1) The true character of many risks is quite different from what we might have imagined.

2) We end up preparing ourselves for the impossible risk

3) Rarely do we learn the risk level

4) Such a casual attitude towards the risk level certainly sells newspapers.

5) because virtually (几乎) everything is risky (adj.)

6) There are all manner of risks (n.) in our daily life.

7) People should inform themselves not only about what is risky, but also what the level of the risk is …

8) Because ignoring the risk level makes sensible risk management impossible.

9) Unless someone can definitely tell you what level of risk is associated with a particular activity, do as you wish.

3. Translation (p 223-224)

1) On the strength of (基于)those grades, he won the scholarship to Syracuse University.

2) The market has all manner of (各种各样) interesting things for sale.

3) /Faith does not feed on (由…滋润) then air but on facts.

4) The teacher told the girl to reduce an equation to (简化) its simplest form.

5) Keep o n doing that and you’ll end up (最后以…为结局) in serious trouble

6) The environmental problems are often associated with (和…有关系) nuclear waste.

7) Today we are doing to focus on (把重点放…) the question of homeless people

8) For assistance, they turned to (向…求助) one of the city’s most innovative museums.

9) Everyone is the class is expected to participate actively in (参加) these discussions.

10) The Southern Weekend identified at least two village officials said to be involved in

(卷入).

unit 7

1. belief – doubt deep- shallow learn- unlearn shame- pride inadequate-adequate

success- failure boring- interesting dependent-independent mediocre-excellent uselessuseful well-informed ---- ill-informed smart- dull painful-painless imaginativeunimaginative

2. 1) deprived of 2) for the sake of 3) get away with 4) dropped out 5) by no means 6) got down to 7) distinguish…from8) look back on 9) gone through

10) after all 11) be rid of 12) on my own

3.

choice secure hear who keep while now This pressure expecting tests

within had catch marks patents obtain/get teachers relax shape

unit 8

1. C E B D A F

2. relearn再学习regain收回，重新获得redo 重做，再做rewrite重写，改写rearrange重新整理reclaim要求归还，收回remodel重新塑造，改变replace取代rephrase重新措辞rejoin 再结合，在加入reform 改革readjust 重新调整reunited（使）再结合rebroadcast 转播，重播reread 再读review 复习

3. B A D A D C A AA B

unit 9

1. 1) observation 2) available 3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation

6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity

2. 1) out of the ordinary 2) preceded 3) To be exact 4) Contradict(ed) 5) Prosperity COLUMN A COLUMN B

invention invent

available Avail

Innovation Innovate

Adaptable Adapt

Discovery Discover

Acceptance Accept

Evolution Evolve

Objectivity Objective

Observation Observe

Experimentation Experiment

Prosperity Prosper

disastrous disaster

6) Gave birth to 7) Catch our breath 8) had in mind 9) proposed

10) converted 11) disastrous 12) negative

3. 1) She had hardly sat down

2) Especially if/ when you want to reserve a seat

3) is not necessarily the most useful

4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind

5) There’s a limit on the time

6) Spend part of his childhood

7) three times as many girls as boys

8) as do most of the people who live in this village

9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere

10) Depite/ In spite of international pressure