Igoyux大学英语六级改错讲义(张子宏)

生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

－－泰戈尔

大学英语六级改错讲义（张子宏）

第一节介词

考点1：中心词+ 介词of

例1：More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farm and in villages. (90/1, No.71)

例2：The family’s recreation and social life chiefly consisted a drive in the wagon to the nearby small town or village to transact some business as well as to chat with neighbors who had also come to town. (90/6, No.78)

考点2：中心词+ 介词to

例1：People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes in the way of life. (90/1, No.76) 例2: Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar as ours. (95/1, No.71)

考点3：中心词+ 介词on

例1：……, but such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients. (93/6, No.75)

考点4：中心词+ 介词with

例1：In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound. (95/6, No.72)

考点5：中心词+ 介词for

例1：Big cities of the world are well-known by their noisiness. (95/6, No.76)

j固定搭配: on the contrary, on one hand…on the other hand, on purpose,

on business, on the whole, on the spot

k表位置，指与某物面碰面的接触：on the wall, on the earth

考点6：介词on l表时间，置于某日前: on May 4th, on Sunday, on the morning of

m表时间，指“在……之后，立即……”: on our arrival

non和to合成的介词onto: 表示运动的方向和场所，意为“到……上，在……上”。get onto the bus, slip onto the floor

例1：……, on the contrast, the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the students four years of structural living in which to expect and prepare for the real world. (96/6, No.79)

例2: Men have explored parts of the moon, put spaceships in orbit around another and possibly within the decade will land into another planet and explore it. (00/1, No.73)

考点7：其它常用介词的基本含义

j介词in: 表示“在（某空间）里面”，构成“in+空间、范围”

k介词for: 表示“为某一目的而准备”；或者，for用于表示持续的时间; 表原因

l介词from: 表示“特定地点或时间的起点”；或者，指特定的“来源或起因”

m介词by: 表示“按照，根据, 由, 依据,”；或者，为“借助于，通过”

例1：On some fields, this had clearly not happened. (96/1, No.78)

例2：……about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. (00/6, No.75)

例3：If he was absent because of sickness, there was often no job from him when he returned. (94/1, No.77) 例4：We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the way they occupied the space around them……. (00/6, No.71)

例5：…, and winning affection and respect in this way without aware of their methods. (95/1, No.80)

例6：Then, about ten years ago, when this immensely long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. (02/1, S8)

第二节动词

考点8：使役动词感官动词

+ sb. do sth. +sb. do /doing sth.

例1：They believe that it was good business to hire men, women and children as cheaply as possible, make them to work as hard as they could and, …(94/1, No.80)

例2：You can pass any factory or construction area and the roar of its machinery will make your ears ringing. (95/6, No.75)

考点9：主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语主语+ 不及物动词

例1：The farmer aroused at dawn or before and had much work to do, with his own muscles as his chief source of power. (90/6, No.75)

例2：…is a highly personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. (93/6, No.80)

例3：You may have noticed about how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. (95/1, No.72)

例4：But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusion. (00/1, No.80) 例5：His Arab host, who had been watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest. (00/6, No.80)

考点10：分词作定语的用法：

j-ing分词+ 中心词

k-ed分词+ 中心词

例1：So a sportsman’s individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admired fan. (95/1, No.74)

例2：Even the quiet of our carefully protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passed jet.

(95/6, No.79)

考点11：动词的-ing与-ed形式在谓语中的用法区别

j主语+ be + -ing

k主语+ be + -ed

例1：Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are preparing to put up with in the name of better health is …(93/6, No.78)

例2: …one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources they are poured into the space exploration efforts. (00/1, No.79)

考点12：其它需注意的动词用法

j常见动词词组为固定短语，不可随意变更，如keep in mind，grow up，call off等。

k thus, thereby等副词后常跟动词-ing形式。

lconsidering，regarding，concerning可作介词，其后接名词或动名词作介词宾语

m连词and连接的并列动词为平行结构，或同为不定式，或同为分词形式。

例1：This tendency of technology to make workers superfluous but at the same time allowing their number to grow up so large is creating psychological tensions. (98/1, No.78)

例2：But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project. (00/1, No.76)

例3：The small college, however, generally provides a limited number of courses and specializations but offers a better student-faculty ratio, thus permit individualized attention to students. (96/6, No.74) 例4：Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money…(00/1, No.79)

例5：…the intimate atmosphere of the small college allows the student four years of structural living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. (96/6, No.80)

第三节数词、名词和代词

考点13：

j置于表时间的名词前：fifteen minutes，fifty hours

k置于表距离的名词前：forty miles，four kilometres

l置于表价格的名词前：thirty dollars

基数词

m置于表重量的名词前：three kilograms

n置于表温度的名词前：89oF

o表示考试得分：get eighty-eight on the test

p表示尺码，置于表尺码的名词后：wear size thirty-eight

q表示物件数目或数量，置于名词前：two caps，four novels

j表示某月中的第几号：on July the 4th，on the 10th of September

k表示在几世纪：in the 4th century B.C.，in the eighteenth century

序数词

l表示运动会或其它大型活动的第几届：the 25th Olympic Games

m表示考试的排名：come in 11th in the test

n表示顺序或位置，置于名词前：in the 15th row，the 2nd longest river

例1：In the nineteen century, farm work and life were not much changed from what they had been in the old days. (90/6, No.73)

例２：During the early stages of the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh deaths in Europe’s crowded cities was caused by the disease. (00/1, No.75)

考点14：名词(noun)

j可数名词(countable noun)单数形式前用a/an；复数形式后加-s或-es。如：a job，two cakes，three potatoes。

k不可数名词(uncountable noun)前不可用a/an，但可用the或不用；没有复数形式。下列名词常用作不可数名词：accommodation(食宿), accuracy, advice, baggage, behaviour, bread, cash, clothing, equipment, fun, furniture, harm, information, knowledge, leisure, luck, lightning, living, luggage, machinery, money, news, paper, permission, produce(农产品), progress, scenery, traffic, travel, trouble, thunder, weather, work, uncertainty等。

例1：The government also affects the kind of works people do. (90/1, No.79)

例2：It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise. (95/6, No.71)

例3：Can we be so bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet within the not-too-distant future? (00/1, No.75)

例4：They spent over a million year evolving as co-operative hunters. (02/1, S5)

例５：The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. (02/1, S10)

考点15：代词照应

j人称照应：是指人称代词、物主代词、反身代词与其指代对象之间的照应。

k指示照应：是由指示代词和指示限定词实现的照应关系。

例1：The widespread use of such electrical appliances means that there is a need for servicemen to keep it running properly. (90/1, No.75)

例2：And if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to them. (95/1, No.78)

例３：A man surrounded by flames and smoke generally considers that jumping out of a second-floor window is an acceptable risk to save its life. (93/6, No.72)

例4：The workingman had little schooling beyond his craft, and there was little hope that their children would have anything better. (94/1, No.73)

例５：You can pass any factory or construction area and the roar of their machinery will make your ears ring. (95/6, No.74)

例６：Ａbreak in their employment, or a decision to work part-time, will slow its raises and promotions as it would for men. (96/1, No.75)

例7：But if 98 percent of us don’t need to work, what are we going to do with oneself? (98/1, No.80) 例８：Unconsciously we copy these we are close to or love or admire. (95/1, No.73)

考点16：复合不定代词的用法

用于陈述句用于疑问句、否定句

例1：The farm family grew and made almost nothing it needed. (90/6, No.71)

例2：The workingman had little schooling beyond his craft, and there was little hope that his children would

have nothing better. (94/1, No.73)

考点17：先行代词it

j作形式主语：it +“be”+ 名词/形容词+ (of/for + 名词/代词+) +不定式

k作形式宾语：主语+ 动词+ it + 名词/形容词+ 不定式

例1：They believed that was good business to hire men, women and children as cheaply as possible. (94/1, No.79)

例2：While technology makes this possible for four or even six billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. (98/1, No.75)

第四节冠词

考点18：

j by + k by + the +

表方式表触及

例１：Dishwashers and washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand. (90/1, No.74)

考点19：bed，church，college，university，school，court，hospital，prison，sea等表处所的名词及名词work用来指有关活动时，一般不用冠词。

例1：Day or night, the sound of the work fills the air. (95/6, No.77)

考点20：the +先行词+ 同位语从句(that-clause)

例：Most of the dollar differences stem from fact that women tend to be more recently employed and have fewer years on the job. (96/1, No.71)

考点21：冠词的习惯用法

j习惯用定冠词的短语

by the way for the time being in the case of (至于……)

in the long run in the habit of in the possession of

k习惯用不定冠词的短语

all of a sudden as a rule as a matter of fact

at a loss (不知所措) on a large scale in a hurry

have a good time keep an eye on lend a hand

l 习惯用零冠词的短语

at present at hand (近在手边) at stake

at table (在进餐) at war by way of (经由)

in honor of in trouble in order

in place (适当的) in advance in fashion (时兴、流行)

in fact in case (of) (如果) in possession of (拥有)

例1：This tendency of technology to make words superfluous (过剩) but at same time allowing their number to grow so large is creating psychological tensions. (98/1, No.77)

考点22：零冠词

j表示洲的名词前：如Asia，Europe，America，Africa，Oceania

k表示国家、省市的名词前（但由短语组成的国家，或以-s结尾的国家前需要用定冠词the）：如China，Russia，France，Beijing，London

l表示街道、建筑名词前（但有of介词短语修饰时，需用定冠词the，如the tower of London，the Great Wall of China）：如Broadway，Red Square

m表示大学名称的名词前（但有of介词短语修饰时需用定冠词the，如the University of North Carolina）：如Yale University，Oxford University

例1：With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and 20th centuries. (01/6, No.75)

考点23：零冠词用法还需熟记以下公式口诀三句

泛指a/an特指the，

man指人类零冠词，

cold，fever前a，violin，guitar乐器the。

例1：Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. (02/1, S1)

第五节形容词和副词

考点24：形容词的基本用法

j系动词/感官动词+ 形容词

k形容词+ 名词

例1：There may be sound medicine reasons for accepting electrical shock. (93/6, No.74)

例2：In every case, the influential person may unconsciously notice the imitation but he will

feel comfortably in its presence. (95/1, No. 77)

例3：Because of its large student body consisting of many people from different countries

the university exposes its students to many different culture, social and out-of-class

programmes. (96/6, No. 76)

例4：Even the infection rate was falling, population growth kept the number of clinical cases more or less constantly at 8 million a years. (2001/6, No. 80)

考点25：副词的基本用法

j 常用副词(多以ly结尾) + 被修饰词

k 改错中常用以混同于副词的形容词：

l 改错中形容词, 副词同形的常用词：

例1：Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name of

better health is a high personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors

alone. (93/6, No.79)

例2：Even the quiet of our careful protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment

by a passed yet. (95/6, No.78)

例3：Many women, for example, have committed their lives to teaching careers, yet relative few have become principals or headmasters. (96/1, No.80)

考点26：形容词，副词的各种比较级形式

j同级比较：as + 形容词/副词原形+ as

k非同级比较：

l比例式比较：the +形容词/副词的比较级形式…the +形容词/副词的比较级形式

A+数词+ times/twice + as + 形容词原级+ as +B

m倍数比较：

A+数词+ times/twice + more (或其它形容词比较级) than + B

n不可分级比较的词：

例1：When we consider the comfortable circumstances of a working family today, the life of the workingman in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had been even hard.

(94/1, No.71)

第六节同义词和反义词

考点27：构成反义词的常见词缀

例1. Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a heart attack, but these same drugs may be both necessary and harmful for those with only mild blood pressure

problems. (96/6, No.77）

例2. In every case, the influential person may consciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortable in its presence. (95/1, No.76)

例3. The need for more food discourages development of better technology which naturally keeps more people alive. (98/1, No.73)

例4. While technology makes it possible for four or even six billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. In theory, it is impossible that all the goods and services

the world needs could be produced by only 2 percent of the population. (98/1, No.76)

例5. Now he has the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only directly. (2000/1, No.72)

例6. We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person by the way the occupied the space around them---for example, When such a person walks

down a street he or she is constantly unaware of others. (2000/6, No.72)

例7. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.

(2002/1, No.S2)

考点28：常见同义词

例1：Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses, and trucks. (95/6, No. 73)

第七节一致

考点29：主谓一致原则：

j谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。

k分词短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

l当and连接两个主语表示一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数，否则要用复数动词。

mThere be 句型中，注意主语与be 动词的一致。

n主语是不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。

o如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but, including等词组连用时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

p既然是主谓一致原则，主语和谓语都不能省略。

例1：One in every seven deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the disease. (01/6, No.73) 例2：There are no going back to a simple, less technologically complex time. (98/1, No.74)

例3: Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use—that of penning, controlling and domesticating their prey. (02/1, S9)

考点30：连词在一致性中的:

j由连词and, as well as，not only…but also等连接的句子结构应保持一致。

k由连词and, as well as 等连接的词应保持词性一致。

l连词本身搭配一致性原则。

m连词与句意一致性原则。

常用的并列连接词

常用的从属连接词

例1：At the beginning of the nineteenth century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous. (94/1, No.72)

例2：It appears that we all find company in sound, if we all demand a little quiet from time to time. (95/6, No.

80)

例3：The large university provides a wide range of specialized departments, as well numerous courses with such department. （96/6，No.71）

例4: They are likely to travel more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs are available in these services. (90/1, No.78)

考点31：定语从句中先行词和引导词一致性原则

j先行词为人+ 引导词k先行词为物+ 引导词

l先行词为地点+ 引导词m先行词为原因+ 引导词

例1：This other person told us a story, it he said was quite well known. (00/6, No.74)

例2：The children attended a small elementary school to that they had to walk every day, possibly for a few miles. (90/6, No.79)

第八节时态、语态

考点32：时态一致性基本原则

j主句谓语时态与时间状语从句一致性原则

k谓语时态与句意一致性原则

l从句与主句时态一致性原则

m上下文时态一致性原则

例1：Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only indirectly. (00/1, No.71)

例2：The American hasn’t been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. (00/ 6, No.76)

例3：Picking it up, he put it into his collar, so that it falls across his shirt. (00/6, No.79)

例4：Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in many places where it had never been away, it grew worse. (01/6,No.78)

例5：They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers. (02/1,S7)

考点33：语态的一致性——被动语态主要应用场合

j不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁（省略by）

k动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带by引导的短语）

l出于礼貌措词不愿说出动作的执行者是谁

m被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排时

例1：The few pennies which the children could earn needed to help support the family. (94 /1, No.75)

第九节其它

考点34：like 与as 的区别

like的词性与词义as的词性与词义

as

例1：Before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin.（00/ 6，No.78）

例2：The farmer arose at dawn or before and had much work to do, with his own muscles like his chief source of power. （90/ 6，No.76）

考点35：but 和except的基本用法

例1. Surgery for cancer may cure or prolong a life, but the removal of tonsils(扁桃体) cannot save anything a sore throat. （93/6，No.76）

考点36：与副词so搭配的主要短语

j so + 形容词/副词+ that + 从句

k so+ 形容词/副词+ as to do

lso far as：就……而论，在……范围内

mso far from：非但不……反而

nso long as: 只要

oso far: 到目前为止

例1. Can we be too bold as to suggestion that we may be able to colonize other planets within the not-too-distant

future? （00/ 1，No.74）

考点37：与形容词such搭配的短语

j such + 名词/名词性短语+ that + 从句

ksuch as：诸如，例如

lsuch + 名词/名词性短语+ as：象……那样

msuch as it is：质量不好的，没有什么价值的东西

例1. Cities and states have to provide services city people want, such like more police protection, more hospitals, and more schools. （90/1，No.72）

考点38：worth 的用法

j作为形容词用作表语：有…的价值, 值得(be worth doing是一种常见的固定搭配, 意为“值得做…”)

k 作为名词：价值；值（多少钱的东西）

例1. Clearly some risks worth taking, especially when the rewards are high. （93/6，No.71）

专八改错题技巧

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