英语专业四级非谓语动词(打印)
专四语法专题（非谓语动词）
?非谓语动词也称动词的非限定形式，它们不可以在句中单独作谓语，也不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词具有双重性质，既有动词的特点：有时态，语态的变化，能被状语修饰，也有自己的宾语；又有非动词的特点：可以代替名词或形容词。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种。它们可以在句中充当除谓语以外的其他各种成分，即主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。
?1、非谓语动词作主语
?（1）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语，但分词却不可以。不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作。
?_____ is not a serious disadvantage in life. ( 2001, 51)
A. To be not tall
B. Not to be tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not being tall
?[D]【详解】非谓语动词在句中作了主语。非谓语动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因此可以直接排除[A]和[C]。动名词和不定式都可以作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。个子不高是一贯的事实，应用动名词形式，所以[D]正确。
?(2) 不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式主语，但在含有no，-less等否定词的句子里，常用动名词作主语。如：
?It is useless talking with her.
?It is no good discussing with her.
?(3) 如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两者应保持同样的形式，或同为不定式，或同为动名词。如：
?To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
?Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(4) 不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：
absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如：
Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.
It?s clever of you to have invented such a device.
?2、非谓语动词作宾语
?（1）不定式和动名词可以在句中充当宾语，但分词却不可以。
?A. 有些动词后只能接动名词，如：abandon,acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify, mention, mind, pardon, practice, postpone, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：
?I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
?B. 有些动词后只能接不定式，如：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, bother, claim, determine, desire, endeavor, expect, fail, guarantee, intend, long, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse, request, resolve, tend, venture, volunteer, etc.
?C. 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词，如：love, like, hate, begin, start, etc. 这时，二者的差别不大，主要在于：不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名词则表示
一般或抽象的多次动作。如：
?I like getting up early. 我喜欢早起。（一种生活习惯）
?I hate to get up early tomorrow. 我讨厌明天要早起。（一次性的行为）
?D. 有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词，如：remember, forget, stop, etc. 此时，二者的差别很大，需要加以区别。
?E. 动名词复合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构：
?The girl's being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
? I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.
Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A. there being a chance
B. there to be a chance
C. there be a chance
D. being a chance
介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。
?I don…t mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
?A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
?C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make
?Mind要求接动名词, 动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。
What?s the chance of _____ a general election this year? (05, 61)答案：[A]
A. there being
B. there to be
C. there be
D. there going to be
?3. 非谓语动词作状语
?（1）不定式和分词都可以作状语，表示原因、时间、方式、伴随、让步、结果等。不定式常在句中作目的状语，而分词一般不具备这种功能；分词能表示时间或伴随情况，不定式却不能这样用。如：
?He came to see me.
?Singing a song, they came into the classroom.
?(2) 当分词有了自己的逻辑主语，便构成了分词的独立结构，在句中作状语，表示时间、伴随、原因和条件等。分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分。如：
?All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
?Darkness setting in, the young couple lingered on merrymaking.
?Time permitting, we will have a meeting.
1.Agriculture is the country?s chief source of wealth, wh eat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop. (03, 51) 答案：[D]
A. is
B. been
C. be
D. being
2. Time _____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.（03, 58）答案：[B]
A. permit
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. permits
?3. There _____ nothing for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (00, 55) 答案：[C]
A. to be
B. to have been
C. being
D. be
?(3) 主语应与分词保持一致。
?主语应与分词保持一致，避免悬垂分词的出现。也就是要避免既不带自己的主语，又不以句子主语作自己的逻辑主语的分词短语。例如下面的句子就是错误的：
?Hearing the terrible news, her eyes filled with tears.
?由于主语her eyes不能发出hearing的动作，所以本句是错误的。可以这样改：Hearing the terrible news, she burst into tears. 一听到这个可怕的消息，她就哭了起来。
?（4）非谓语动词作主语和状语时，若要使用其否定形式，则需要将否定词放在整个非谓语动词结构之前。
1. _____, he can now only watch it on TV at home.(98, 45）答案：[C]
A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match
B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match
D. Not obtained a ticket for the match
?2. _____ is not a serious disadvantage in life.(01, 61 ) 答案：[D]
A. To be not tall
B. Not to be tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not being tall
?(5)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only 加强语气。
?常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：
?Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.
?The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____ by the police each time.(99, 42)
?A. had been captured
?B. being always captured
?C. only to be captured
?D. unfortunately captured
?[C]
? 4. 不定式做主语补足语：
?掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用
相应形式。如：
?be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.
? 1. The Minister of France is believed _____ of
?imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.(04, 58）
? A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking
? C. that he is to think D. to think
?[B]
? 2. Professor Johnson is said _____ some significant advance in his research in the past
year.(99, 43)
? A. having made B. making
? C. to have made D. to make
?[C]
? 3. AIDS is said the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few
years in that region. ( 02, 56)
? A. being B. to be
? C. to have been D. having been
?[C]
非谓语动词的其他考点：
? 1.不定式的习惯用法
?句型：cannot help but do
?cannot but do
?cannot choose but do
?can do nothing but do
?have no choice/alternative but to do
?上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只
能做”。如：
Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
? 2.动名词的习惯用法
?句型：be busy/active doing sth.
?have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.
?It’s no good/use/picnic doing sth.
?have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.
?spend/waste time doing sth.
?There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.
?cannot help doing sth.
?I know it isn?t important but I can?t help thinking about it.
?Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them.
?There is no use crying over spilt milk.
? 3.there be 非谓语动词的用法
?(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的接续要求。如：
?The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. (expect
要求接不定式做宾语)
?(2)做除for外的介词宾语，用there being。如：
?He would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought.
?It is not uncommon for there problems of communication between the old and the
young. (07, 63)
? A. being B. would be C. be D. to be
?[D]
?【详解】there be句型在介词for后使用时，用there to be这一结构；在介词of后面
使用时，用there being这一结构。故选择[D]。
非谓语动词的体
?非谓语动词中，分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done，having been done和
being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。
动名词的体也有having done，having been done和being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done
?①The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
? A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
?[D]
②I…d rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____all the time.
? A. to get worse B. to be getting worse
? C. to have got worse D. getting worse
?[B]
?③The speech _____, a lively discussion started.
? A. being delivered B. was delivered
? C. be delivered D. having been delivered
该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。
? 1. _____ at in his way, the situation doesn?t seem so desperate. (07, 64)
? A. Looking B. Looked C. Being looked D. To look
?[B]
? 2. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, _____ the spoilt ones. (06, 63)
? A. not counting B. not to count
? C. don?t count D. having not counted
?[A]
?【详解】本句中现在分词作条件状语；其否定形式需要将否定词放在现在分词的前
面。因此，本题正确答案为not counting。
? 3. The meeting was put off because we_____ a meeting without John. (05, 62)
? A. objected having B. were objected to having
? C. objected to have D. objected to having
?[D]
? 4. If not _____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and
grumbles all the time. ( 04,45)
? A. being treated B. treated
? C. be treated D. having been treated
?[B]
? 5. _____ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn?t seem so gloomy. (00, 51)
? A. Looking B. Looked
? C. Having looked D. To look
?[B]
?【详解】the present economic situation为look的逻辑宾语，因此用过去分词短语，
这里表示一种条件。[C]是现在分词的完成式。
非谓语动词全面讲解
非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了
英语非谓语动词对比辨析100题
英语非谓语动词对比辨析100题 1. (1)__from the top of a hill, our house looks like as a car. (2) ____the dog came over, our friend ran away. (3) ________ from the top of a hill, and you’ll find the city more beautiful. d) ________ more clearly, they came up and got close to it. A. Seeing B. To see C. Seen D. See 2. (1)Disneyland is well worth______________. (2)Disneyland is worthy of______________. (3)Disneyland is worthy to______________. A. be visited B. visiting C. visit D. being visited 3. (1)Tom said to the doctor, ”I don’t want_____” (2)Tom said to the doctor,” I don’t want you_____ me.” (3)Tom said to the doctor,” The machine wants_________. A. examining B. to examine C. to be examined D. examined 4. (1)I’ll have my brother________ my radio tomorrow. (2)I’ll have my radio __________tomorrow. (3)Tomorrow the radio needs___________. A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to repair 5. (1)We were watching TV when we heard the door___________. (2)We were watching TV when we heard someone ___________ at the door. (3)We noticed him_________ the door just now. A. knocked B. knocking C. knock D. to knock 6.(1)After a rest, we went on____ the same problem. (2)After a rest, we went on______the next problem. A. go B. going C. to go D. went 7. (1)The old lady needs__________ after. (2)The old lady needs__________ after her grandson. A. looking B. looked C. look D. to look 8. (1)I’m sorry I can’t make myself__________. (2)I’m sorry I can’t make you__________ me. A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. understand 9.(1)I’ve never heard a word of Italian_______. (2)I’ve never heard you________ a word of Italian. A. speaking B. speak C. spoken D. to speak 10.(1)These young men asked the government_______ them to work in Xinjiang. (2)These young men asked_______ to work in Xinjiang. A. sending B. to send C. to be sent D. send 11.(1)The organizer expected the meeting___next week. (2)The organizer expected__the meeting next week. A. to hold B. to be held C. hold D. held 12.(1)He went to a party without________. (2)He went to a party alone without_____________ anyone else. A. inviting B. invited C. being invited D. invite 13. (1) _____ by Hank, we entered the dining room. (2) ____ Hank, we entered the dining room. (3) _____________ Hank, and we entered the dining room.
(完整版)英语四级单词大全
A abandon/ ?’b?nd?n/ vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃 aboard/ ?’b?:d/ ad.在船(车)上；上船 absolute/ ‘?bs?lu:t/ a.绝对的；纯粹的 absolutely/ ‘?bs?lu:tli/ ad.完全地；绝对地 absorb/ ?b’s?:b/ vt.吸收；使专心 abstract/ ’?bstr?kt/ n.摘要 abundant/ ?’bΛnd?nt/ a.丰富的；大量的 abuse/ ?’bju:z, ?’bju:s/ vt.滥用；虐待n.滥用 academic/ ?k?’demik/ a.学院的；学术的 accelerate/ ?k’sel?reit/ vt.(使)加快；促进 access/ ‘?kses/ n.接近；通道，入口 accidental/ ?ksi’dentl/ a.偶然的；非本质的 accommodate/ ?’k?m?deit/ vt.容纳；供应，供给 accommodation/ ?,k?m?’dei??n/ n.招待设备；预定铺位 accompany/ ?’kΛmp?ni/ vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随 accomplish/ ?’k?mpli?/ vt.达到(目的)；完成 accordance/ ?’k?r:d?ns/ n.一致；和谐；授予 accordingly/ ?’k?r:di?li/ ad.因此，所以；照着 account/ ?’kaunt/ n.记述；解释；帐目 accumulate/ ?’kju:mjuleit/ vt.积累vi.堆积 accuracy/ ‘?kjur?si/ n.准确(性)；准确度 accurate/ ‘?kjurit/ a.准确的，正确无误的 accustomed/ ?’kΛst?md/ a.惯常的；习惯的 acid/ ‘?sid/ n.酸；酸的，酸性的 acquaintance/ ?’kweint?ns/ n.认识；了解；熟人 acquire / ?’kwai?/ vt.取得；获得；学到 acre/ ‘eik?/ n.英亩(=6.07亩) adapt/ ?’d?pt/ vt.使适应；改编 addition/ ?’di??n/ n.加，加法；附加物 additional/ ?’di??nl/ a.附加的，追加的 address / ?’dres/ n.地址；演说；谈吐 adequate/ ‘?dikwit/ a.足够的；可以胜任的 adjust/ ?’d?Λst/ vt.调整，调节；校正 administration / ?dminis’trei??n/ n.管理；管理部门 admission/ ?d’mi??n/ n.允许进入；承认 admit/ ?d’mit/ vt.承认；准许…进入 advance/ ?d’va:ns/ vi.前进；提高n.进展 advanced/ ?d’va:nst/ a.先进的；高级的 adventure/ ?d’vent??/ n.冒险；惊险活动 advisable/ ?d’vaiz?bl/ n.明智的；可取的 affair/ ?’fe?/ n.事情，事件；事务 affect/ ?’fekt/ vt.影响；感动 affection/ ?’fek??n/ n.慈爱，爱；爱慕 afford/ ?’f?r:d/ vt.担负得起…；提供 afterward/ ‘a:ft?w?d(z)/ ad.后来，以后 age/ eid?/ vt.变老 aggressive/ ?’gresiv/ a.侵略的；好斗的 aircraft/ ‘e?kra:ft/ n.飞机，飞行器 alarm/ ?’la:m/ n.惊恐，忧虑；警报 alcohol/ ‘?lk?h?l/ n.酒精，乙醇 alike/ ?’laik/ a.同样的，相同的 alloy/ ‘?l?i, ?’l?i/ n.合金；(金属的)成色 alphabet/ ‘?lf?bit/ n.字母表，字母系统 alter/ ‘?:lt?/ vt.改变，变更；改做
非谓语动词讲解及练习题
非谓语动词 非谓语动词的概念: 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词. 它不受人称和数的限制. 非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式：to do 动名词：v-ing 用做名词 分词（现在分词doing和过去分词V-ed）（高考） 考点一：不定式 1.不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略）；其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。如：My father asked me not to read in bed. ) 2.不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。 (1)作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末， It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。 It's important (for us) to protect environment. 注: kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It's very kind of you to help me. (2)作宾语 He wants to go out with her. 注:①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretend等。 ？
Would you like to see a film this evening ②当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。 在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day. (3)作表语 句型：主语+ be + to do sth . 如：My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train. （4）作目的状语 > 如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。 I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。 (5)作宾语补足语 ①不能省略to： ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help. 如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。 My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。
大学英语四级词汇表带音标
大学英语四级大纲单词表 (共4615)
a art.一(个)；每一(个) abandon[] vt.丢弃；放弃，抛弃 ability [] n.能力；能耐，本领 able[] a.有能力的；出色的 abnormal []a.不正常的；变态的 aboard[] ad.在船(车)上；上船 about [] prep.关于；在…周围 above [] prep.在…上面；高于 abroad []ad.(在)国外；到处 absence [] n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 absent [] a.不在场的；缺乏的 absolute []a.绝对的；纯粹的 absolutely []ad.完全地；绝对地 absorb [] vt.吸收；使专心 abstract [] a.抽象的n.摘要 abundant [] a.丰富的；大量的 abuse []vt.滥用；虐待n.滥用 academic [] a.学院的；学术的 academy []n.私立中学；专科院校 accelerate [] vt.(使)加快；促进acceleration []n.加速(度) accent [] n.口音，腔调；重音 accept [] vt.vi.接受；同意 acceptable [] a.可接受/合意的 acceptance []n.接受，验收；承认 access [] n.接近；通道，入口 accessory []n.同谋，从犯；附件 accident [] n.意外的；事故 accidental []a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate [] vt.容纳;供应,供给accommodation []n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany []vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随 accomplish []vt.达到(目的)；完成 accord [] vt.使一致；给予 accordance [] n.一致；和谐；授予 accordingly [] ad.因此，所以；照着 account [] n.记述；解释；帐目 accumulate []vt.积累vi.堆积 accuracy []n.准确(性)；准确度 accurate [] a.准确的，正确无误的 accuse [] vt.指责；归咎于 accustom [] vt.使习惯
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