代词 he,she,it,they,we及所有格
有单、复数之分。
1. 人称代词的用法
（1）人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格做主语，宾格做宾语。如：
I like table tennis. （做主语）
Do you know him?（做宾语）
（2）人称代词还可作表语。（做表语时用宾格的形式。）如：
---Who is knocking at the door?
---It’s me.
（3）人称代词在than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：
He is older than me.
He is older than I am.
（4）人称代词的顺序。几个人称代词并列做主语时，它们的顺序是：
单数形式（二、三、一）you, he and I
复数形式（一、二、三）we, you and they
注意：当受到批评时或承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前，you 在最后。
口诀：单数二、三、一，复数一、二、三，受到批评我在前，承认错误你在后。如：
You, he and I are all the winners.
I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
2. it用法总结
（1）作为人称代词，it 可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。
Where’s my book? Have you seen it？我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？
The dog is in the garden, isn’t it? 狗在花园里，是吧？
婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了.
(Someone is ringing.) ---Who’s it? （有人在按门铃。）---谁呀？
---It’s me.---是我
（2）it 可以指上下文内容。
The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud.
2008 年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。
（3）it 表示时间、天气、距离等。
---What time is it now？现在几点了？
---It’s half past nine.九点半。
It is cold. 天气冷。
公园到博物馆大约是十公里。
（4）it 用作形式主语或形式宾语。
It’s very important for us to learn English well.（实际主语是to learn English well）对我们来说，学好英语很重要。
I found it hard to fly a kite. （实际宾语是to fly a kite）我发现放风筝很难。
备注：句型（可以用于作文中）
It’s adj. for/of sb. to do sth.
It’s time to do sth.
It’s time for sth.
It seems that
It one’s turn to do sth.
It’s + 强调部分+ that/who/whom
3. 实战演练
（1）Miss Green is an English teacher. We all like ( she ).
（2）Could you help ( I )?
（3） ( My ) can't get my kite.
（4）Her bike is broken. Can ( your ) mend it?.
（5）I found ( it )hard to fly a kite
（6）Those ( child ) are ( I ) father’s students.
（7）Do you know ( it ) name?
词和名词性物主代词。
1. 物主代词的用法
（1）形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
（2）名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提及的名词重复，其作用相当于名词，并且名词性物主代词=“形容词性物主代词+ 名词”，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
--- Is this English-book yours? （做表语）
--- No. Mine is in my bag.（做主语）
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （做宾语）（3）名词性物主代词可以用在of 后做定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。如：
He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一位朋友。
2. 实战演练
用所给词的适当形式填空
（1）I ate all sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of ? ( you )
（2）George has lost ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him . ( she )（3）Jack has a dog and so have I. ( he ) dog and ( I ) had a fight (打架).
（4）The teacher wants you to return that book of ( he )
（5）Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of are coming to see us. ( they )
代词。
巧记口诀：
反身代词构成并不难，单数词尾-self记心间。
第三人称宾格加在前，其余物主开头用在先。
复数形式如何变，f要用ves来替换。
1. 反身代词的用法
反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语和同位语。
（1）做宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
（2）做表语。
It doesn't matter. I'll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
（3）做主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes( = I washed the clothes myself.)（做主语同位语）
You should ask the teacher himself.（做宾语同位语）
（4）反身代词常用的短语。
teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学help oneself to 随便吃
enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 玩的高兴come to oneself 苏醒
2. 实战演练
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五、指示代词
1. 指示代词的用法
（1）this 和these 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that 和those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
（2）有时that 和those 指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these 则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English．（3）有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that 或those 代替。如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．（4）this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。如：
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
2. 实战演练
1
The machines made in China are cheaper than ______ made in Japan.
A.ones
B.that
C.those
D.it
2
—Look! What’s ______ in the sky?
—It looks like a kite.
A.this
B.that
C.those
D.them
3
---Have you found your lost mobile phone?
---No, I haven’t found ___________, but I bought___________ this morning.
A.one; that
B.that; one
C.it; one
D.one; it
六、疑问代词
1. 疑问代词及词组
疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what 和which 等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如：
2. 实战演练
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七、连接代词
连接代词：用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom, whose, that，它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语。如：Do you know who has won the Red Alert game?
I don’t know whom you should depend on?
I know what he said at the meeting.
问题是谁来修理它。
和定语。不定代词没有确定的对象，常用的有：
all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other,
注意
（1）both 之后加名词的复数形式+ 谓语动词原形。
（2）all 既可以加名词的复数形式，也可以加不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。
（3）Neither / none of +名词的复数形式+ 谓语动词三单。
（4）Neither……nor….. 或either ……or….. 用就近原则。
1. 常见不定代词的用法
（1）some 与any 的区别
① some 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词也可以接可数名词。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
② any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容
词时，后面可以接不可数名词也可接可数名词。
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
③ any 和some 也可以做代词用，表示“一些”。any 多用于疑问句，否定
句和条件句中，some 多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?
I can't see any.
如果你没有钱，我可以借给你一些。
注意：some 用于疑问句时，表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。
Would you like some coffee with sugar? 你要加糖的咖啡吗？
（2）few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的区别
He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。
He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
1
--- What do you usually have for breakfast?
--- _____milk and ______ eggs.
A.Little, a little
B.A few, few
C.A little, a few
D.A few, a little
2
--- Would you like some tea?
--- Yes, just _____.
A.a few
B.few
C.a little
D.little bit
（3）other, the other, another, others, the others 的区
别
① other 可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。
Where are his other books?
I haven't any other books except this one.
② other 也可以用作代词，与冠词the 连用构成“the other”，表示两个人
或物中的“另一个”。常与one 搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
③ other 作代词时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some
搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
④ “the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
⑤ another 可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”。
You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
⑥ another 也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.
用any other, any others, the other, other填空。
（1）He is taller than student in his class.
（2）He is taller than in his class.
（3）He is taller than students in his class.
（4）Some students like pop music while don’t in their school.
（5）I want some books besides this dictionary.
（4）every 与 each 的区别
Each ball has a different color.
注意：当我们说each child, each student 或each teacher 时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child 和every student 时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every 的意思与all 接近，表示他们都如此。
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.
（5）many与much的用法
many 修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。
much 修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。
There are too many mistakes in your exercises.
He has got too much work to do.
（6）复合不定代词
复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing 等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括something（某事物）, somebody（某人）, someone（某人）, anything（任何事物）, anybody（任何人）, anyone（任何人）, nothing（没事物）, nobody（没人）, no one（没人）, everything（一切事物）, everybody（每个人）, everyone（每个人）等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。
复合不定代词的指代对象：
① 含-body 和-one 的复合代词只用来指人，含-body 的复合不定代词与含
-one 的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body 时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one 时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。如：
Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room. 有人在隔壁房间哭。
No one/Nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的。
② 含-thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如：
Are you going to buy anything? 你会去买东西吗？
I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只听到了你的声音。
复合不定代词的属格：
① 含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词可有-’s 属格形式。如：
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.大家的事情没人管。
Is this anybody’s seat? 这儿有人坐吗？
② 含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词后跟else 时，-’s 属格应加在else之后。如：
Can you remember someone else’s name?你还记得其他人的姓名吗？
③ 含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词没有-’s 属格形式。
复合不定代词的定语：
复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。如：Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗？
Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗？
2. 实战演练
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He has ______ to tell us.
A.something important
B.important something
C.anything useful
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/273053045.html,eful nothing
2
His earliest plays are excellent, but his latest one is ____.
A.something
B.everything
C.anything
D.nothing
3
— Do you have____ at home now, Stella?
— No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.
A.something
B.everything
C.nothing
D.anything
4
— Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you?
—I’m afraid I do. I’ll be glad to lend money to ____ but Charlie.
A.someone
B.everyone
C.anyone
D.no one
九、相互代词
1. 相互代词的用法
用于表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。常用的有：each other, one another，两者没有很大的区别，一般可以互换。相互代词可以作宾语、定语。相互代词后可以加’s, 表示所有关系，做定语。如：
We should learn from each other / one another. （做宾语）
你们经常彼此写信吗？
We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （做定语）
The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their hom