第四讲 复合句练习

复合句

主语从句：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。

一、由从属连词引导

That we shall be late is certain.

二、由疑问代/副词引导

Who he is doesn’t concern me.

What she did is not yet known.

How the prisoner（犯人）escaped is a complete mystery.

三、由缩合连接代/副词引导

What he says goes. （他说了算。）

四、经常可用形式主语it代替主语从句，成为It is/was +n. /a. +clause句型。但以what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句除外。

It is a pity that he failed the exam.

It is obvious（显然）that the task is quite important.

It is said that the place is beautiful.

而What she needs is more experience.

练习：

主语+名词+从句

1.事实是她做了错误的决定。(fact)

___________________ she made a wrong decision.

2.能和你合作是非常荣幸的。(honor)

___________________I can cooperate with you.

3.杰克背叛朋友是可耻的。(shame)

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Jack betrayed his friends.

4.珍妮能做好这个项目是不足为奇的。(no wonder)

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Jenny can do well this project.

主语+形容词+从句

5.幸运的是她有如此聪明的姐姐。(fortunate)

________________she has such an intelligent sister.

6.很可能这位老人已经死了。(possible)

________________the old man has died.

7.奇怪的是他离开了家乡。(strange)

________________he left his hometown.

主语+过去分词+从句

8.据报道空气污染越来越严重。(report)

______________ the air pollution is more and more serious.

9.据宣布玛丽将接手管理公司。(announce)

________________Mary will take over the company.

10.必须承认她很出色。(admit)

________________she is really excellent.

11.必须指出的是去我们不够重视这项工作。(point out)

________________ we don’t pay enough attention to the work..

以what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句：

12.谁触犯了法律都会受到惩罚。(whoever)

________________will be punished.

13.他所做的一切都是为了她的幸福。(whatever)

________________is for her happiness.

14.他所缺少的就是自信。(what)

_________________is confidence.

宾语从句：用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。

一、由从属连词引导

I understand that he is well-qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience.

I doubt whether he will succeed.

I don’t know if you can help me.

二、由疑问代/副词引导

Do you know who all these people are?

三、由缩合连接代/副词引导

He gave whoever asked for it a copy of his paper.

练习：

1. 我确实相信Jim 是在说真话.

I really believe __________________________.

注：有两个这类宾语从句并列时, 有时省去引导第一个从句的连词that, 但引导第二个从句的that 不能省略。

2. 老师说这本书很有趣, 值得一读。

His teacher said __________________ and that _____________________.

3. 我不知道他是否仍在那个工厂工作。

I don’t know ___________________________.

4. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。

They didn’t say___________________________.

5. 你简直想象不出这花多漂亮。

You can’t imagine_________________________.

6. 我对他的话感到惊讶！

I was surprised at _______________________.

7.我不知道他什么时候会来。

I wonder _______________________________.

8. 我不明白他为什么来的这么晚。

I can’t understand _________________________.

9．无论谁想去，我都带。

I’ll take ___________________________.

10. 你喜欢做什么就做什么吧。

Do____________________.

同位语从句：与先行词同位或同等的从句。同位语从句的先行词多为belief, thought, fact, hope, idea, news, report等表抽象概念的名词。同位语从句一般由that 引导，但也可以用疑问代词（what, which, who）, 疑问副词（when, where, why, how）或whether(if )引导。

练习：

1.她表示希望有一天能写一部小说。

She expressed the hope __________________________.

2.他成功的消息使他们深受鼓舞。

The news ___________________inspired them all.

3.这样就产生了一个问题：我们到哪里弄到贷款呢。(where)

There arose the question________________.

4. 我不知道我们第一次见面是在什么时候。(when)

I have no idea_____________________________

5. 此事是否正确的问题尚未证实。(whether)

The problem____________________ hasn’t been proved.

定语从句：用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that; 关系副词when, where, why 等。

练习：

请根据已给出的关系代词将两个句子组成一个复合句。

1. who/ that

The man is a famous lawyer.

The man spoke at the meeting this morning.

The man _________________________________________ is a famous lawyer.

2. whose

The book belongs to me.

The cover of the book is beautiful.

The book ______________________________ belongs to me.

3. which

Here is the dictionary.

The dictionary will be lent to you.

Here is the dictionary _________________________.

4. whom

The girl is Jane.

You saw the girl just now.

The girl _______________________ is Jane.

5. that

That is the same man.

The man asked for help the day before yesterday.

That’s the same man __________________________.

6. that

He was watching the children and parcels.

They filled the car.

He was watching the children and parcels ____________________.

7. which(or：介词+which)

The Xinmin Evening news reported another boat-sinking on January 20.

Seven people are missing from it.

The Xinmin Evening news, ________________, reported another boat-sinking on January 20.

8. when

I will never forget the day.

I reached the top of the Huqangshan Mountain on that day.

I will never forget the day _______________________________.

9. where

What is the name of the town?

We stayed at the town last night.

What is the name of the town ___________________________.

10. why

The reason was that his wife was ill.

He was late.

The reason _____________________ was that his wife was ill.

11. where

He went to the river bank.

The tall tree is in the river bank.

He went to the river bank____________________.

12. whose

A teacher is a person.

A teacher’s duty is to teach.

A teacher is a person________________________.

13. where

The man is said to come from Beijing.

He was born there.

The man is said to come from Beijing________ ________.

14.why

I don’t know the reason.

Why did she do it?

I don’t know the reason__________________.

15. whom(或：介词+whom)

There are 40 students in our class.

Eighty percent of them are girls.

There are 40 students in our class, ______________.

状语从句在复合句中充当状语。状语从句根据其用途可以大概分为九种。各种类型的状语从句的关联词分别是：

1. 时间状语从句（when , while, as , before, after, since, until, once, as soon as, the moment）

2. 地点状语从句（where, wherever）

3. 原因状语从句（because, since, as, now that, in that）

Critism and self-critism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.

4. 结果状语从句（that, so/such that, so…that, such…that）

5. 程度状语从句（that, so/such that, so…that, such…that ,as (so) far as, to the degree that）

So far as I know, he is trustworthy.

6. 目的状语从句（so, so that, in order that, 和表示否定意思的for fear (that)，lest（书面语），

in case.）注：目的状语从句常用助动词may(might), shall(should), will(would)。如：Take your umbrella with you, lest that it should/would/might rain.

He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain.

Take your umbrella in case it rains.

7. 条件状语从句（if, unless, so/ as long as）

8. 让步状语从句（though, although, as, even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who等）

9. 方式状语从句（as ,as if /though, the way）Do as I say.

10. 比较状语从句（as/so…as, 形容词（副词）+er/more～than）

11．对比状语从句：whereas ，while

I like tea while she likes coffee.

练习：

1. 我一见你就认出了你。（the moment）

I recognized you ____________________________.

2. 无论这头骆驼在哪里吃草，总有一个空处没吃到。(wherever)

____________________________, there was always a small space left untouched.

3. 因为树小，砍倒它没有花多少时间。（as）

____________________________, it did n’t take long to cut it down.

4. 他说起英语来就像是个英国人。(as if)

He speaks English ____________________________.

5. 只要你答应在11点以前回来，你可以外出。（as long as ）

You can go out, _________________________before 11 o’clock..

6. 他高声叫喊使别人可以听到他的声音。（in order that）

He shouted at the top of his voice________________________.

7. 她说的那么快，我们都跟不上了。（so …that…）

She spoke _____________________________________.

8. 每当我不高兴时，他就给我鼓劲。（whenever）

_____________, he cheers me up.

9. 无论做什么事情都要把它做好。（no matter….）

___________________________ ，do it well.

10.正当他们交谈的时候，他走进房间。(when)

He entered the room______________________.

11.这个小男孩做完家庭作业才回去。(until)

The little boy didn’t go home_________________________.

12.无论你到什么地方，都要把工作做好。(wherever)

_____________________________, you should do your work well.

13.她虽然有很多钱，但是却不幸福。(although)

__________________________，she is unhappy.

14.他待我如陌生人。(as if)

He treats me_________________________________.

15.有志者事竟成。(where)

16．她那样穿戴是为了引起人人的注意。(so that…)

She dresses like that ______________.

17．不管它有多高，也高不到天上去。(however)

________ it may be, it can’t reach the sky.

18．要照教你的那样做。(the way)

Do it ___________.

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