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初中英语语法总复习

初中英语语法总复习
初中英语语法总复习

初中英语语法总复习

一名词

(一) 知识概要

名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。顾名思义,专有名词是指:个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall,America…它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中则包括个体名词,如pen, worker…它表示单一的个体人或事物;集体名词,如:family,class, team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体;物质名词,如:water,paper…它表示的是一种物质,原材料;而后一种是抽象名词,

如:work, time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。见下表。

名词一览表

种类

专有名词

London, John, the Communist Party of China

普通名词类名词 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集体名词class, family, army, police, team, people

物质名词 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand

抽象名词 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest

功用

主语 My family is now in New York.

表语 His father is a scientist.

宾语 We love our great motherland.

宾语补足语 He made London the base for his work.

定语 The girls are making paper flowesrs.

状语 The car cost him 1000 dollars.

同位语 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here.

名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数,即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名

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词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。可数名词复数形式的构成规律是:

1. 一般情况加s,如:pen—pens, doctor—doctors,boy—boys,其读音规则是在清辅音后读,s,,在元音和浊辅音后读,z,。如:map—map , boy—boys.

2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es,如:bus—buses,class—classes,其读音为,iz,。

3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,其读音为,iz,。

4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,要将y变为i再加es,读作,z,,

如:factory—factories,country—countries, family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy—boys,day—days。

5. 以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es,但如果o前面是元音字母或外来

词,缩写词以o结尾的则只加s,如:tomato—tomatoes,hero—

heroes;photo—photos,radio—radios,piano—pianos

6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es,如:knife—knives, leaf—leaves, 但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。

7. 不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的,它没有规律可循,

如:man—men,woman—women, child—children, foot—feet,tooth—teeth, mouse—mice

8. 单复同形的名词有:fish, sheep,deer…

9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。名词还有格的变化,其主格可作主语,宾格可作宾语。还有所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加’s其复数形式是s’,如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加’s,如:a student’s room, students’ rooms, Children’s Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用’s,如:a twenty minutes’ walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,如:the capital of our country, the colour

of the flowers

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(二) 正误辨析

,误,Please give me a paper.

,正,Please give me a piece of paper.

,析,不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词,这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了,所以造成了这样的错误,因paper 在英语中是属于物质名词一类,是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时,要用与之相关的量词来表达,如:two pieces of paper.

,误,Please give me two letter papers.

,正,Please give me two pieces of letter paper.

,析,paper作为纸讲是不可数名词,而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词,如:Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.

,误,My glasses is broken.

,正,My glasses are broken.

,误,I want to buy two shoes.

,正,I want to buy two pairs of shoes.

,析,英语中glasses—眼镜,shoes—鞋,trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如:This pair of glasses is very good.

,误,May I borrow two radioes?

,正,May I borrow two radios?

,析,以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式,但如果o前面是一个

元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.

,误,This is a Mary’s dictionary.

,正,This is Mary’s dictionary.

,析,如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词our,some, every, which, 或所有格时,则不要再加冠词。

,误,There are much people in the garden.

,正,There are many people in the garden.

,析,可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰,而people是可数名词,而且是复数名词,如:The people are planting trees here.

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,误,I want a few water.

,正,I want a little water.

,析,不可数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰,但不可用many,few来修饰。

,误,Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me. ,正,Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me. ,误,Tom’s and Mary’s family are waiting for

us.

,正,Tom’s and Mary’s families are waiting for us.

,误,I’m sorry. I have to go. Tom’s families ar e waiting for me. ,正,I’m sorry. I have to go. Tom’s family are waiting for me.

,析,集合名词如果指某个集合的整体,则应视为单数,如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Tom’s family

were watching TV. 即汤姆一家人正在看电视。这样的集合名词有:family class, team等。

,误,Don’t eat too much meats.

,正,Don’t eat too much meat.

,误,Food in that restaurant is very good.

,正,The food in that restaurant is very good.

,析,物质名词是不可数名词,在使用中不可以加s,即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠词。但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。如:I don’t like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.

,误,Please give me two waters.

,正,Please give me two glasses of water.

,正,Please give me two coffees.

,析,物质名词如要加计量时,一定要加量词,如:two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread,

a piece of bread,a box of sugar,

a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,

a bag of earth

例: I’ll tell you a piece of good news.

但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代many cups of coffee.

,误,Can you give me the newspaper of today?

,正,Can you give me today’s newspaper?

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,析,加’s构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。如:Mary’s hair,但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用’s来构成而不用of结构。如:a five minutes’ walk.

,误,Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.

,正,Please make room for the lady in the school bus.

,析,英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的,

如: room为可数名词时为“房间”,如:I live in Room 5.而room为抽象名词时

为空间上面一句话应译为“请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。”这样的词还

有:glass 玻璃glasses 眼镜stone 石头a stone 一块石头time 时间two times 两次wood 木

There is a flowers garden behind my house. 头woods 树林 ,误,

,正,There is a flower garden behind my house.

,析,名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外,还可以用来修饰另一个名词,这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式,如:shoe factory (鞋厂),post office(邮

局),evening paper (晚报),night school (夜校),head master (校长),a law school (法律

学院)。但也有例外,如:a goods train(货车),sports meeting (运动会)。

,误,My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning. ,正,My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.

,析,英语中有些名词单复同形,如:fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中国人), means (方法)。所以应讲one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果讲There are five fishes in the pool.应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。

,误,Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.

,正,Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.

,析,英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如: thanks, greens,而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意。如:clothes 为衣服,而cloth则是布, sand沙子,

而sands是沙滩。

,误,I offered my son my congratulation on his success.

,正,I offered my son my congratulations on his success.

,析,英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式,但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shake hands.

,误,We have five German in this meeting.

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,正,We have five Germans in this meeting.

,析,英国人Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen,而German 则要加s,因为它不是由国名与man的组合词。

,误,There are two As in this word.

,正,There are two A’s in this word.

,析,在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s,但如字母是A、I时,为了防止与As和Is相混,则要用’s即A’s,I’s

,误,There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number. ,正,There are three 6’s and two 3’s in my telephone number. ,析,在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达

法中要用’s

,误,We have many woman teachers in our school.

,正,We have many women teachers in our school.

,析,一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变为复数如:

brother—half brothers(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)daughter in law—daughtersin law,(儿媳)但要注意的是:man driver—men drivers(男司机) woman doctor—women

doctors(女大夫)grown up—grown ups(成年人) 但是boy student—则变为boy students ,误,Physics are very difficult to learn.

,正,Physics is very difficult to learn.

,析,虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有:科学,学科名字:Physics. Mathematics politics游戏名称:bowls 专有名称:Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布) 其他名词:news(消息,新闻)

,误,There is a people in the room.

,正,There is a person in the room.

,正,There is a man in the room.

,析,people是复数名词,不可用作单数,如要用来讲一个人时应用a person, a man, a woman。同样的词有police.要讲一个警察时则要用a policeman, a policewoman。

,误,Where is my shoe?

,正,Where are my shoes?

,析,常常只用作复数形式的词有trousers, pants, shorts(短裤),socks(袜子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一个则要指明,这时还是应用单数形式。如:Where’s my left glove?(我左手的手套在

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哪?)

,误,I paid five pennies for the sweet.

,正,I paid five pence for the sweet.

,析,英语中便士有两个复数形式pence用来表达一定数量的钱。而pennies是指一个个的硬币,如:I want to change this note for pennies.我想把这纸币换成硬币。(即一便士一个的硬币)。 ,误,There are many fruit in the shop.

,正,There are many fruits in the shop.

,析,物质名词为不可数名词,但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词,这里应译为各种各样的水果。

,误,There is a new car. It is Jone’s and Mary’s.

,正,There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary’s.

,析,有生命名词的所有格,如果是单数名词则加’s如:Mary’s car.如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加’如:teachers’ offices.如果是复数名词但不是以s结尾,则只加’s,如:children’s palace 组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加’s如:girl friend —girl friend’s someone else—someone else’s a week or three—a week or three’s如名词后有同位语时,则应加在同位语的词尾上,如:It is my girl f riend, Mary’s car.要注意的是当两个名词并列时,如表示归两人共同所有,则在最后一个名词后面加’s,如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加’s,如:This is Mary and Jone’s home.即Mary与Jone是一家人。这是他们共同的家。而These are Mary’s and Jone’s homes.则应译为这里是Mary的家与Jone 的家。

,误,It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.

,正,It is rea lly beautiful. It is a Nature’s work.

,析,无生命名词的所有格应用of结构。但是’s形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词:表示时间的词:today’s newspaper, a twenty minutes’ walk, an hour’s, rest

表示长度的词:three metres’ distance, a boat’s length, twenty miles’ journey 表示

重量的名词:two pounds’ weight价格名词:two dol lars’worth拟人化的名词:

Nature’s work, nature’s lesson(大自然的教训)及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构

性名词:the university’s library

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,误,He is an old friend of my father.

,正,He is an old friend of my father’s.

,析,这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理。如:This pen is Tom’s.

,误,My father is a good cooker.

,正,My father is a good cook.

,析,一般动词加上er后则转意为执行该动作的执行者,如:teach(教)—teacher(老

师),think(想)—thinker(思想家),drive(开车)—driver(司机),sell(卖)—seller(卖物

者)……但不能总是以此类推,比如cook是动词“做饭”。而cook也可作为名

词“厨

师”讲,而cooker则为厨具,餐具,即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具。

,误,The young is dancing there.

,正,The young are dancing there.

,析,英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词,如:the rich 富人,the poor(穷人),the wise 聪明人,但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用

作单数名词,如:The beautiful is still here.美丽的风景依旧。

,误,The stories of the book was written many years ago.

,正,The stories of the book were written many years ago.

,析,这句话的真正主语应是stories,所以应用复数谓语动词。 ,误,This is

,正,

,析,one of意为“……之一”,of后面的名词要用复数形式。 ,误,Let’s go to uncle Wang for supper.

,正,Let’s go to uncle Wang’s for supper.

,析,uncle Wang’s 意为“王叔叔家”,doctor’s意为“医院或私人诊所”。

,误,I think we will make a friend with each other.

,正,I think we will make friends with each other.

,析,make friends 为习惯用法,即交朋友。

,误,I want to tell you much pieces of good news.

,正,I want to tell you many pieces of good news.

,析,news为不可数名词,但加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量

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词,因量词是可数名词,或可以说I want to tell you some good news.因some 即

可用在可数名词前,也可用在不可数名词前作形容词,如:I want to tell you some pieces of good news.

,误,The teacher with five students are coming here.

,正,The teacher with five students is coming here.

,析,要注意由with引出的介词短语不是本句的主语,这与连词and有很大的区别,如:The teacher and five students are coming here. 这里由介词引出的短语

仅仅是teacher的修饰语。

,误,There are a lot of information here, but we don’t need them. ,正,There is a lot of information here, but we don’t need it.

,析,information为不可数名词,而用作代替它的词要用it而不能用them.

,误,Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.

,正,Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.

,析,many a 加可数名词单数,作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式,但其意为许多学生。

,误,The children wear very good cloth to go to school today. ,正,The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.

,析,英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之词:cloth是物质名词,意为“布”,没有复数形式,而clothing是指衣物的总称,也没有复数形式。clothes 是指衣服,但没有单数形式,如:This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are

made of fine cloth.英文中的dress则指较正规的服装,如:a school dress 校服,an evening dress晚礼服。

,误,I like to study the English.

,正,I like to study English.

,析,作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词,而作为某一特指学科则要加冠词,如:I like to study history. I like to study the history of America. ,误,The Browns is going to visit China.

,正,The Browns are going to visit China.

,析,定冠词加姓加s,则意为“Brown先生一家人”。所以应用复数谓语动词。此句应译为:Brown先生一家将要访问中国。

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(三) 例题解析

1. Lucy and Lily,,,in the same class.

A. am

B. is

C. are

D. be

,答案,C.

,析,由and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。

2. Which is the ,,,to the bus stop, please?

A road

B way

C street

D address

,答案,B.

,析,这是考察同意词辨析,road是指较宽阔的大道,意为“乡间公路”,而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高,可视为街道之意,而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径,还可引深为方式、方法。而address则为“地址”。如:There is a car to the National Museum?

3. Hurry up!There is,,, time left.

A little

B a little

C few

D a few

,答案,A.

,析,因time作为时间讲为不可数名词,所以不可用few,a few来修饰。另外,英文的表达法与中文不同,中文讲,快点,时间不多了,而英文要讲,快点,没时间了。因此,要用little而不用a little.

4. How many ,,,can you see in the picture?

A tomatos

B tomatoes

C tomato

D the tomato

,答案,B.

,析,用How many提问时,其名词要用复数形式,而tomato的复数要加es.

5. — ,,,is the meat. Please?

— Ten yuan a kilo.

A How much

B How many

C How old

D How long

,答案,A.

,析,由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格。钱数作为整体、价格讲时,不论其值是多少都是不可数名词,要用how much 提问。 6 The boy’s name is James Allen Green. So his given name is,,,.

A James Allen

B Allen Green

C James Green

D Mr. Green

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,答案,A.

,析,英文的习惯与中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文则是姓在最后,其第一个名字是由父母所起的,中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可称作given name,而姓在英文中是family name.

7 Shanghai is one of the biggest,,,in our country.

A city

B city’s

C citys

D cities

,答案,D.

,析,复音字母以y结尾的单词的复数形式要把y变成i再加es。one of 加名词的结构中的名词应用复数。

8 Would you please pass me,,,?

A two paper

B two papers

C two pieces of paper

D two pieces of papers

,答案,C.

,析,paper是不可数名词,如讲一张、两张纸时,要用量词piece. 9 September 10th is ,,,Day.

A Teacher

B Teachers

C Teacher’s

D Teachers’

,答案,D.

10 I only have,,, bread for lunch today.

A a bit

B a bit of

C little

D few

,答案,B.

11 “What would you like, Ann? ”“I’d like two,,,.”

A glass of milk

B glasses of milk

C glass of milks

D glasses of milks

,答案,B.

12 There isn’t ,,, paper in the box. Will you go and get ,,, for me?

,答案,A.

,析,any用于否定句与疑问句,但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到肯定答

复时,问句中要用some而不要按一般语法规律用any. 13 June 1st is,,,.

A Children’s day

B children’s Day

,答案,C.

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14 These foreign friends are,,,.

A German

B Germen

C Germany

D Germans ,答案,D.

15 All the students are busy, so,,, of them will go to the cinema.

A many

B little

C a few

D few

,答案,D.

,析,student是可数名词,而few用于可数名词,意为:几乎没有学生去电影院。

16 There are three,,,and seven,,,in the picture.

A deers, sheeps

B deers, sheep

C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps

,答案,C.

,析,deer与sheep均是单复同形的名词。

,,,.

A my

B Kike’s and John’s

C our

D Kike and John’s

,答案,D.

,析,因为room为单数,所以不可能是Kike的一间与John的一间,应为二者共用的一间房子。

- 12 -

二、冠词

(一) 知识概要

冠词在英语中只有3个词,分为两类:不定冠词a与an,定冠词the。 a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前,an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物,可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。

(二) 正误辨析

,误,This building is an university.

,正,This building is a university.

,析,a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前,而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前,而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是,j,,所以用a而不要用an。又如:There is a “n” in the wo rd.是错句,应为:There is an “n”in the word.

因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h

不发音,所以应该用an hour。例如:

I need an hour to finish the work.

It is a useful dictionary.

It is a European country.

I bought a used car.

,误,I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.

,正,I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.

,析,因umbrella的第一个音素是元音,所以应用an.常用的情况有:an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。

,误,“Can you help me” “Sorry, I’m in hurry.”

,正,“Can you help me” “Sorry. I’m in a hurry.”

,析,不定冠词的主要用法如下:

1. 用来表示一类人或事物,如:She is a teacher.

2. 指某一类人或事物中的一个,如:An elephant is bigger than a horse.

3. 泛指某一人或事物,如:A man is waiting for you at the school gate.

“one”的概念,如:I just bought a new dictionary. 4. 相当于

5. 其主要的难点是用在固定词组中:

- 13 -

如:have a walk/a rest /a look

又如:in a hurry 匆匆忙忙

make a face 作鬼脸

do somebody a favour 帮某人忙

a number of =many

) 又如:have a good time (玩得好

have a cold (感冒)

have a headache (头痛)

have a break=have a rest

,误,I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good. ,正,I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good. ,析,在文章中第一次提到某物

时用不定冠词,而第二次提到时用定冠词。

,误,Please turn off lights before you leave.

,正,Please turn off the lights before you leave.

,析,虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指,也应用定冠词。

,误,There are nine planets around a sun.

,正,There are nine planets around the sun.

,析,世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词,如:the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.

,误,I live on a second floor of this building.

,正,I live on the second floor of this building.

,析,在序数词,形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如:He is the oldest in the family.

,误,I want to learn the second language this term.

,正,I want to learn a second language this term.

,析,在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二,而其意在于再学一个,再来一个时,应用a,本句的意思应为:这学期我要学一门第二外语。

,误,Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.

,正,The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. ,析,在河流名称

前应加定冠词,如:the Yellow River(黄河)。 ,误,Look, there are Alp.

- 14 -

,误,Look, there are the Alp.

,正,Look, there are the Alps.

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如: He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

(完整版)人教版初中英语语法完整总结

1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+(sb. )+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表:1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道,伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?(直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西)24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg :I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初;??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后;尽头;末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事

初中英语语法基础知识汇总形容词

初中英语语法基础知识汇总 形容词adj. 形容词的定义和用法: 定义:形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征。形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语,补语。 She is a good student, and she works hard. 她是一个好学生,她学习努力。 This bike is expensive. 这辆自行车很贵。 I am sorry, I'm busy now. 对不起,我现在很忙。 Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 你为这次会议做好准备吗? 形容词在句中的位置: 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。 英语单词中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗? There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。 由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。 This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。 用and 或or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 这些箱子,不管大小,你都可以拿走。 形容词的比较级和最高级: 绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。例如: poor tall great glad bad 形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级) 2) 以-e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r 和-st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级) 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级) 4) 以-y 结尾,但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉,加上-ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。

(完整word版)最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教案(已打印两份)

形容词 一.定义: 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。 二. 注意:有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如: Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。 例如: You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或人称代词2)数词3)性质4)大小5)形状6)表示老少,新旧7)颜色8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 例如:His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如:The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家,富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如:They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如:Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗?

初中英语语法大全(必备)

初中英语语法大全(必备)

英语语法大全: 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do (例如:I like watching monkeys jump) 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道,伴随······(例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树) 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)(例如: ask you for my book ) 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时(例如:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾(例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 (例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原)能够……(例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么(例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……(例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么(例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气(例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样(例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害(例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于

人教版初中英语语法完整总结

人教版初中英语语法完 整总结 集团标准化工作小组 #Q8QGGQT-GX8G08Q8-GNQGJ8-MHHGN#

1 .(see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+(sb.)+do sth. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. 2 .(比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样eg:the more the more 越来越多 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 .agree with sb 赞成某人 5 .all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 .all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7. along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you.我将和你一起去 The students planted trees along with their teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 .as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见) 10 .ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) 12. ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 .at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 14.at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始15. at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English. I feel that I can pass the test . 18. be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 .be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing . 21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . I'm afraid of dog. 22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允许看电视 23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me. 24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25.be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 ashamed to away from 远离

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

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