INCOTERMS

19 October 2010

Article by Stephen Tricks and Hatty Sumption

The Incoterms rules are internationally recognised standardised terms reflecting business practice in the allocation of tasks,

costs and risks in international sales contracts. The ICC has just published the latest version of these rules, Incoterms 2010.

The new rules are relevant for those involved in the buying and selling of goods, especially trading companies, exporters

and importers, together with those involved in associated services including marine, multimodal transport, logistics and

financial services.

The new Incoterms 2010 rules enter into force on 1 January 2011. This update outlines the main changes introduced in

the new rules.

Background

Incoterms have been devised and published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) since 1936. The aim of the

Rules is to facilitate the conduct of global trade by providing clear definitions of the parties' respective obligations, thereby

reducing the risk of legal complications.

The latest version replaces the 2000 edition and is the culmination of a lengthy process of drafting and consultation involving over 30 national committees and several key trade bodies. The extensive comment and response process resulted in the production of three consultation drafts leading up to the final version of Incoterms 2010.

The Incoterms 2010 rules take account of changes in transport practice, together with the spread of customs-free zones,

increased use of electronic communication and security issues.

The Key Changes:

?Consolidation of 'D' Terms

The following rules have been abolished:

DAF – Delivered At Frontier

DES – Delivered Ex Ship

DEQ – Delivered Ex Quay

DDU – Delivered Duty Unpaid

The DDP rule (Delivered Duty Paid) is unchanged and is joined by the following new 'D' rules:

DAT – Delivered At Terminal

This is intended to replace DEQ with terms more suitable for container transportation.

The terms provide for delivery

when goods are unloaded from the arriving means of transport and are placed at the disposal of the buyer at the

named terminal. An example would be where a container has been unloaded from a ship and placed in the container

stack at the port of delivery(?destination?).

DAP – Delivered At Place

This replaces DES, DAF and DDU and provides for delivery on the arriving means of transport, ready for unloading. An

example of likely use would be for delivery by truck to the buyers' premises, or delivered by ship to a named port, not

unloaded or import cleared.

?Terminal Handling Charges

The Incoterms 2010 rules seek to clarify the allocation of terminal handling costs between the parties. This is in response to difficulties that have arisen where such costs, although sometimes included in the carriage costs paid by the buyer, have nevertheless been charged to the buyer by the carrier or terminal operator. The new rules are intended to reduce the

risk of the buyer being charged twice for terminal handling costs.

?Insurance

Minor changes have been made in Incoterms 2010 to those rules that require a party to obtain insurance (CIF and CIP).

It is important to note that Incoterms 2010 still requires the seller to obtain only the minimum cover under Institute

Cargo 'C' Clauses, or equivalent, on a CIF or CIP transaction. In many cases, the buyer will want to include in the contract

an express requirement for the more extensive Institute Cargo 'A' Clauses. For other terms, there are new provisions

requiring the parties to exchange information regarding insurance.

?Electronic Communication

Incoterms 2000 provided that certain specified documents could be replaced with Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

messages where the parties agreed to do so. Incoterms 2010 now allow for paper communication to be replaced with

an 'equivalent electronic record or procedure' where the parties so agree or where customary. The reference to custom

is significant as it means that in certain cases parties will be unable to refuse electronic communication, such as email.

?Security

Heightened international concern about security has resulted in increased clearance requirements relating to the movement of goods. In response, Incoterms 2010 includes provisions that allocate responsibility for obtaining or assisting to obtain clearances between the buyer and seller.

?String Sales

In the sale of commodities it is common for cargo to be sold, perhaps several times, during transit. Incoterms 2000 included obligations for a seller to 'ship' the goods but this did not accurately reflect the position of a seller in the middle of a string of transactions who was unable to 'ship' goods that had already been shipped by the first seller. Incoterms 2010 now provides an option, where relevant, to allow the seller to procure goods that have been shipped as an alternative to the obligation

to ship the goods.

?Domestic and International Trade

Although Incoterms have traditionally been used in international sale contracts, the ICC has noted that in certain parts of

the world trade blocs (such as the EU) have made border formalities between different countries less significant. In

addition, there has also been a greater trend towards using Incoterms for purely domestic sale contracts, including in the

United States. With this in mind, Incoterms 2010 formally recognises that the rules are available for both domestic and

international sale contracts and, where appropriate, the rules state that the obligation to comply with export / import

formalities exists only where applicable.

?General Points

o The Incoterms 2010 rulebook has been reorganised into two classes;

'RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES? OF TRANSPORT' and

'RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND WATERWAY? TRANSPORT'

For rules included in the second class, the point of delivery and the place to which the goods are carried are both ports.

FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF all belong to this class. The first class contains the remaining seven Incoterms.

o All reference to the 'ship's rail' as the point of delivery has been removed from Incoterms 2010. Instead for FOB, CFR and CIF sales, goods are deemed delivered when they are 'on board' the vessel.

o Incoterms 2010 includes clearer guidance notes. These do not form part of the rules but are intended to

encourage use of the most appropriate Incoterms rule for any given transaction.

Comment

Incoterms 2010 introduce changes that reflect developments in international trade practice and regulation and as such are

\ to be welcomed. The new rule book also includes improvements in organisation and guidance information that will be

appreciated by users. However, it is essential to note that, as ever, the usefulness of the rules is largely dependent upon the parties selecting the correct Incoterms rule for any given transaction and in ensuring that the rules are properly in

corporated into the sales contract. Even when the rule has been selected and incorporated correctly, attention must also

be paid to ensuring that other relevant contracts (such as letters of credit, contracts of carriage and insurance) reflect the agreed terms.

Finally, parties should always be aware that Incoterms 2010 are not comprehensive and that even where Incoterms rules

have been properly incorporated, there are additional key provisions that will remain to be agreed by the parties.

INCOTERMS2010中文版

? POCIB 百科首页 ? 2010年国际贸易术语解释通则 2010年国际贸易术语解释通则(INCOTERMS 2010) 目录 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》中文版 INCOTERMS 2010 ? (2011年1月第二版) 引言 适用于任何单一运输方式或多种运输方式的术语 EXW (EX works) 工厂交货 FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人

CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至 CIP (Carriage and lnsurance Paid to) 运费、保险费付至 DAT (Delivered At Terminal) 运输终端交货 DAP (Delivered At Place) 目的地交货 DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货 适用于海运和内河水运的术语 FAS (Free Along Side) 船边交货 FOB (Free On Board) 船上交货 CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费 CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险加运费 EXW (EX Works工厂交货) 该术语可适用于任何运输方式，也可适用于多种运输方式。它适合国内贸易，而FCA一般则更适合国际贸易。 “工厂交货”是指当卖方在其所在地或其它指定地点（如工厂、车间或仓库等）将货物交由买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方不需将货物装上任何前来接收货物的运输工具，需要清关时，卖方也无需办理出口清关手续。 特别建议双方在指定交货地范围内尽可能明确具体交货地点，因为在货物到达交货地点之前的所有费用和风险都由卖方承担。买方则需承担自此指定交货地的约定地点（如有的话）收取货物所产生的全部费用和风险。 EXW（工厂交货）术语代表卖方最低义务，使用时需注意以下问题： a) 卖方对买方没有装货的义务，即使实际上卖方也许更方便这样做。如果卖方装货，也是由买方承担相关风险和费用。当卖方更方便装货物时，FCA一般更合适，因为该术语要求卖方承担装货义务，以及与此相关的风险和费用。

美国签证提交简历中英文样板---Sample-Resume-(使馆提供)

姓名(拼音和汉字): 性别: 出生日期: 出生地: 家庭住址: 单位地址: 家庭电话: 工作电话: 手机号码: 电子邮箱: 教育背景–请分别列出您取得的所有学位，从最高学位写起。 月，年—月，年大学名称 学位和专业 论文标题/研究焦点（只对硕士和博士学位）工作经历–请列举您的所有工作经历。 月，年—月，年单位名称 地址 职位或职称 工作职责 所获奖项及加入哪些团体组织（如果适用） 出版物—请列出您发表的所有出版物标题、合作者和年份（如果适用）

出国经历—请列举您到访过的所有国家及到访时间 国家（年） 例如：美国（2002，2003）；加拿大（2008，2009） 同行人–请写出和您一起赴美的所有同行人姓名及与您的关系

Name (in pinyin and Chinese): Gender: Date of Birth: Place of Birth: Home Address: Business Address: Home Phone: Work Phone: Mobile Phone: E-mail: Education – please list all degrees attained, beginning with the most recent Month, Year – Month, Year University Name Degree and Major Thesis Topic/Research Focus (for masters and phd degrees) Work Experience – please list all work experience Month, Year – Month, Year Employer Location Position or Title Duties Awards and Group Memberships – if any

INCOTERMS2000-中英文对照(一)

在为期两年的修订过程中，ICC尽其最大努力通过ICC各国家委员会吸取了各行业国际贸易从业者的意见和建议，完成了修订稿的多次修改。令人高兴的是，在Incoterms的这次修订期间，ICC从全世界使用者那里得到的反馈意见超过了以往任何一次。ICC与Incoterms的使用者之间交流的结果产生了Incoterms 2000这个版本，与Incoterms 1990相比看上去变化很小。原因很明显，即Incoterms当前已得到世界承认，所以ICC决定巩固Incoterms在世界范围内得到的承认，并避免为了变化而变化。另一方面，在修订过程中，ICC尽量保证Incoterms 2000中的语言清楚准确地反映出国际贸易实务。新的版本在下面两个方面作出了实质性改变： *在FAS和DEQ术语下，办理清关手续和交纳关税的义务； *在FCA术语下装货和卸货的义务。 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则： Note: EXW, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDU and DDP are commonly used for any mode of transportation. FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, and DEQ are used for sea and inland waterway. E组（发货） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXW 工厂交货（……指定地点） EXW - Ex Works -- Title and risk pass to buyer including payment of all transportation and insurance cost from the seller's door. Used for any mode of transportation. F组（主要运费未付） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FCA 货交承运人（……指定地点） FAS 船边交货（……指定装运港） FOB 船上交货（……指定装运港） FCA - Free Carrier -- Title and risk pass to buyer including transportation and insurance cost when the seller delivers goods cleared for export to the carrier. Seller is obligated to load the goods on the Buyer's collecting vehicle; it is the Buyer's obligation to receive the Seller's arriving vehicle unloaded. FAS - Free Alongside Ship --Title and risk pass to buyer including payment of all transportation and insurance cost once delivered alongside ship by the seller. Used for sea or inland waterway transportation. The export clearance obligation rests with the seller. FOB - Free On Board and risk pass to buyer including payment of all transportation and insurance cost once delivered on board the ship by the seller. Used for sea or inland waterway transportation. C组（主要运费已付） -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CFR 成本加运费（……指定目的港） CIF 成本、保险费加运费付至（……指定目的港） CPT 运费付至（……指定目的港） CIP 运费、保险费付至（……指定目的地）

权威原版 Incoterms 2010简介,来自ICC官方

I NTRODUCTION Taken from “Incoterms? 2010”, available at the ICC Bookstore Main features of the Incoterms? 2010 rules 1. Two new Incoterms rules – DAT and DAP – have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU The number of Incoterms? rules has been reduced from 13 to 11. This has been achieved by substituting two new rules that may be used irrespective of the agreed mode of transport – DAT, Delivered at Terminal, and DAP, Delivered at Place – for the Incoterms? 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU. Under both new rules, delivery occurs at a named destination: in DAT, at the buyer’s disposal unloaded from the arriving vehicle (as under the former DEQ rule); in DAP, likewise at the buyer’s disposal, but ready for unloading (as under the former DAF, DES and DDU rules). The new rules make the Incoterms? 2000 rules DES and DEQ superfluous. The named terminal in DAT may well be in a port, and DAT can therefore safely be used in cases where the Incoterms? 2000 rule DEQ once was. Likewise, the arriving “vehicle” under DAP may well be a ship and the named place of destination may well be a port: consequently, DAP can safely be used in cases where the Incoterms? 2000 rule DES once was. These new rules, like their predecessors, are “delivered”, with the seller bearing all the costs (other than those related to import clearance, where applicable) and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place of destination. 2. Classification of the 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules The 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules are presented in two distinct classes: RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPORT EXW EX WORKS FCA FREE CARRIER CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO DAT DELIVERED AT TERMINAL DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID

中英文简历全套简历模板

诺和诺德 [请输入文档标题] [请输入文档副标题] [请输入作者]

Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving. 生活就像骑单车，只有不断前进，才能保持平衡。 P E R S O N A L N a m e: H a n Zhongyu G e n d e r: Female A g e : 19 Health: Excellent Hobbies: Paint draw, Badminton ， Personality: Honest , Creative, Cooperative, Dutiful and Dedicated, St r o n g,p r o v e n c o m m u n i c a t i o n s a b i l i t i e s b o t h w r i t t e n a n d v e r b a l i n E n g l i s h OBJECTIVE ? ~ EDUCA TION ? ~ ? ~ ? ~ ? ~ WORKING E X P E R I E N C E ~ ? TIME ： ~ ? POSITION ：

EXPERIENCE ： ~ ? ~ ? TIME ： ~ ? POSITION ： ~ ? EXPERIENCE ： ~ KNO WLEDGE B A C K G R O U N D ? Hardware —— System s t u d i e d The C i r c u i t E l e m e n t s, The S i m u l a t i o n Circuit, The D i g i t a l Circuit , The Function o f Computer Hardware T echnology ? Software —— Expert in computer programming ,familiar with the software of MA TLAB , C , PRO/E , AutoCAD

美国签证需要用到的个人简历模板(中英文)

美国签证需要用到的个人简历模板（中英文） 这个模板是沈阳美领馆提供的简历模板，针对非移民签证申请人如果需要写个人简历的话，大家可以参考一下： Nonimmigrant Visa Resume T emplate Name: Date and country of birth: Gender: Name and date of birth of spouse: (if applicable) Names and dates of birth of children: (if applicable) Address and Contact information: Education List here all universities and higher education institutions you have attended, starting with the most recent. You should include the following information: Name of university Dates of study Degree level Degree major and minors Area of research Title of thesis Work experience List here all paid and voluntary work you have performed and positions held, starting with the most recent. You should include the following information: Name of company, organization or institutions Job titles Dates of jobs Detailed area of responsibility, research interests, project descriptions and applications of research Expertise in special software, machinery op equipment Awards and patents Have you received/won any awards related to your research or work at university or at work? Please list these. Do you hold any patents? List name, patent number and year registered.

INCOTERMS 2010 贸易术语一览表

INCOTERMS 2010 引言 国际贸易术语是一种将商业惯例反映在货物销售合同中的价格术语，其描述了涉及货物从卖方到买方交付过程中的买卖双方各自承担的主要责任、费用和风险。 如何应用国际贸易术语2010通则 2010 Incoterms 2010 in the income lessen over in the application, users should be explicit: 总结Incoterms 2010在销售合同中的应用，使用者应明确： 1 对其合同的而言，此通则并不是自动适用的，具有任意性。 对于合同各方当事人意欲任何一种2010通则中的国际贸易术语适用其合同的情形，其应当在合同中清楚具体地订明，通过诸如―所用术语，选择于2010通则‖等语句。 2 此通则并不包含一整套的合同条款。 因此，比如，尽管通则中规定当何方当事人承担运费或作保险安排，什么时候卖方将货物交给买方以及各方当事人应承担何种费用，但是通则中并未涉及到有关货物价格和所有权，或者违反合同约定的后果等内容。这些问题通常是通过合同中相关明示条款或者专门管辖合同的法律来解决。同样地，当事人应当清楚当地强制性的法律较包括所选贸易术语在内的合同中的任何规定都具有优先权。 3 选择适当特定的术语。 所选术语需要适合于标的货物，运输方式，而且最重要的是要适合于各方当事人是否有意将更多的责任赋予到卖方或买方，比如安排运输或保险的责任。每种术语的指南中包含一些特别有用的关于何时作出这些选择的信息。然而，包含在指南中的信息并不构成所选术语的一部分。 4 只有各方当事人指定地点或港口，所选术语才形成有效的，而且指定的地点或港口越精确越奏效。 如以下的精确描述就是一个很好的例子： ―FCA (38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France) Incoterms 2010‖.（2010通则FCA术语，法国巴黎，38 Cours Albert 1er） 指定地点是交货点，即风险转移给买方的点；但是在C组术语中，指定地点指的是运费已付的地点。为了更好避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一步阐述为一个精确的点。

美国英文简介-An Introduction to U.S.

The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific. At 3.79 million square miles and with over 310 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The

INCOTERMS2010与2000的区别

INCOTERMS2010与2000的区别 2010通则主要是以下方面的区别：1、加入两个新的贸易术语DAT和DAP，取消了4个：DAF、DES、DEQ和DDU；2、所以2010术语分类为11种；3、加入了术语的使用范围，强调也适用与国内贸易；4、加入电子交易的内容；5、保险的险别引入了ICC2009版本；6、加入与反恐有关系的内容；7、加入终端处理费用的归属，以保证不出现真空；8、加入连环贸易（或称销售）条款，对2000通则的不足之处进行补充。 虽然Incoterms2010于2011年1月1日正式生效，但是Incoterms2010实施后并非Incoterms2000就自动作废。因为国际贸易惯例本身不是法律，对国际贸易当事人不产生必然的强制性约束力。当事人在订立贸易合同时仍然可以选择适用Incoterms2000甚至Incoterms1990。 Incoterms2010主要变化： 1，贸易术语的数量由原来的13种变为11种； 2，术语分类的调整：由原来的EFCD四组分为两类：适用于各种运输方式和水运； 3，删除INCOTERMS2000中四个D组贸易术语，即DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)、DAF (Delivered At Frontier)、DES (Delivered Ex Ship)、DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)，只保留了INCOTERMS2000D组中的DDP（Delivered Duty Paid ）； 4，新增加两种D组贸易术语，即DAT （Delivered At Terminal ）与DAP（Delivered At Place ）；5，E组、F组、C组的贸易术语不变。 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2010, 缩写Incoterms? 2010) 是国际商会根据国际货物贸易的发展，对《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的修订，2010年9月27日公布，于2011年1月1日实施。 《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》删去了《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》4个术语：DAF (Delivered at Frontier)边境交货、DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货、DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货、DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货，新增了2个术语：DAT（delivered at terminal）在指定目的地或目的港的集散站交货、DAP（delivered at place）在指定目的地交货。即用DAP取代了DAF、DES和DDU 三个术语，DAT取代了DEQ，且扩展至适用于一切运输方式。 DAT（delivered at terminal）目的地或目的港的集散站交货 类似于取代了的DEQ术语，指卖方在指定的目的地或目的港的集散站卸货后将货物交给买方处置即完成交

美国签证用到个人简历模板中英文

Nonimmigrant Visa Resume Name: Date and country of birth: Place of birth: Gender: Home address and contact information: Company address and contact information: Cell phone Number: Email Address: Name and date of birth of spouse: Name and date of birth of Child: Education Name of university: Date of Attendance: Degree level: Course of study: Work experience If more than one, list from the latest.

Name: Address: Job title: Dates of employment: Telephone No.: Supervisor’s Name: Responsibility: Travel Country, year, purpose Statement of Intent Proposed schedule: See attached Associate: 非移民签证简历 姓名： 出生日期和国家： 出生地： 性别： 家庭地址和电话： 公司地址和电话： 手机号码：

电子邮箱： 配偶姓名及出生日期： 孩子姓名及出生日期： 教育经历 大学名称： 在校时间： 学位： 专业： 工作经验 如果超过一家的工作经历，从最近的列明。 公司名称： 地址： 职称： 起至时间： 电话： 主管姓名： 职责：

Incoterms 2010

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国家（年） 例如：美国（2002，2003）；加拿大（2008，2009） 同行人–请写出和您一起赴美的所有同行人姓名及与您的关系

Name(inpinyinandChinese): Gender: DateofBirth: PlaceofBirth: HomeAddress: BusinessAddress: HomePhone: WorkPhone: MobilePhone: E-mail: Education–pleaselistalldegreesattained,beginningwiththemostrecent Month,Year–Month,YearUniversityName DegreeandMajor ThesisTopic/ResearchFocus(formastersandphddegrees) WorkExperience–pleaselistallworkexperience Month,Year–Month,YearEmployer Location PositionorTitle Duties AwardsandGroupMemberships–ifany Publications–pleaselistallpublications,ifany TravelHistory–pleaselistallcountriesyouhavevisited Example:U.S.（2002,2003)；Canada（2008,2009）

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ming, CHEN September Name: ming, CHEN Date and country of birth: September, 15，1954 China Gender: Male Name and date of birth of spouse: (if applicable) Ge, ZHANG Dec.14, 1962 Names and dates of birth of children: Che, CHEN, Aug.4, 1985 Address and Contact information: No. 302, Door 1, Bldg. 15, No. 2 Courtyard, North of Shangyang Road, Xigong District, Henan, 471000, China Education List here all universities and higher education institutions you have attended, starting with the most recent. You should include the following information: Name of university: 1993－1996 Henan University of Science and Technology 1977-1981 The PLA Information Engineering University Dates of study: Degree level: Degree major and minors: Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Area of research Title of thesis Work experience List here all paid and voluntary work you have performed and positions held, starting with the most recent. You should include the following information: Name of company, organization or institutions Luo Yang Zhong Ya IP Consultant and Service Centre Job titles Director

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Incoterms十大常见误解

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