东北林业大学考博英语历年真题-题型-参考书-分数线-资料-育明考博

育明考博

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2015东北农业大学考博英语分析

一、招考介绍

从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、联系导师

在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：

（1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。

(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不

可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。

总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。

初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。

三、考博英语备考规划

1、整体介绍

Part1词汇10分20题

Part2阅读理解40分4篇20个小题

Part3完形填空10分20小题

Part4翻译英译汉5个句子10分汉译英5个句子10分

Part5写作20分

2、英语复习推荐用书：

育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。

3、复习策略、答题技巧、经验分享

（1）词汇备考：

考博英语词汇量在7000—8000左右。部分院校，如社科院，对词汇量的要求会比较大，大约会达到10000以上。虽然不推荐盲目的扩大词汇量，但是足够的单词储备还是会对应试起到比较积极的作用。根据自身的复习时间和实际需要，可以选择考研词汇、六级词汇、托福词汇、专八词汇、或者GRE词汇进行备考，推荐育明教育考博教研室主编的《考博英语系列教程—考博10000词》进行有针对性的词汇备考。

有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知要想做好学习的记忆工作，

是要下一番工夫的。单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的，于是就产生了记忆的牢固度问题。所以我们一直在向强调反复记忆单词，但是如何反复记忆却是一个复杂的工作。

记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆遗忘曲线。

但是普遍的记忆规律是：在5分钟后重复一遍，30分钟后再重复一遍，12小时后，1天后，2天后，4天后，7天后，15天后重复记忆，就会记得很牢。

（2）完型备考：实用答题方法

A.无关词排除法：完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。

B.同现词对比法：完型文章由于常常有明确的中心主线，所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是一组具有相同倾向性的词语，这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。因此，文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。

C.复现词对比法：复现是完型文章中词汇的另一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现，也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系，只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。

D.关联词推断法：关联是完型文章中经常出现的一种结构，即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语，比如两个动词、两个形容词以连续排比的结构出现。在这种情况下，两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样，且常常起一样的语法作用，之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于：出题人一般会将一个关联词语设置成已知信息，另一个是未知的，这样那个已知的词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索。

F.时间关系解构法：完型文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索，因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一起的信息之间的关系。

G.整体结构对照法：由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持，互相印证的对照关系，而且总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。

（3）阅读备考：阅读中各种题目的对策

在平时的积累方面，建议经常看看英文网站，看看英文杂志，比如Nature、Science就很不错，当然这只是英文泛读，用于增加英文阅读的兴趣及增加话题的广度。另外，还需要精读一些文章学习其语言风格、语法结构、行文结构、主题思想等具体内容。这类文章可以选择考博真题中的阅读理解，也可以选择自己比较喜欢的一些英文美文，但是建议难度要与考博试题难度相当。

A.细节事实题----回到原文，找准出处。选项中符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是答案。

B.判断词汇和短语的意义题

内容全面、概括性强的一般为答案；与文章主题相近的一般是答案；与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案。

C.推理判断题

合乎常理的选项一般是答案；选项措辞过于绝对化、找茬原文和对文中做字面解释的的一般不是答案。

D.主旨大意题

答案常在首尾段，出现频率高的词可能是蕴含中心思想的关键词；局部信息概括、概括范围过宽的都为错误选项。

E.观点态度题---看清楚态度的对象以及态度的主体。

作者的态度一般会在行文中体现，要关注形容词、副词；引语和实例也会映射作者的态度。

（4）翻译备考：翻译答题要求

A.英式思维拆分语法结构

在考博翻译中的大部分句子都是结构复杂的长难句，所以理清句子结构层次就显得至关重要。在翻译句子之前，先通读全句，注意一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构。例如：

例1Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

拆分句子：

1.句子的主干是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry;

2.定语从句：which后面是一个定语从句，其先行词是social science;

3.方式状语：in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner是方式状语。其中的reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned是并列定语，修饰manner;

4.定语从句：that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena是定语从句，其先行词是manner;

5.拆分后句子的总结构是：

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry(主干)which seeks to study humans and their endeavors(定语从句)in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner(方式状语)that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(定语从句)

B.直译和意译

在考博英语翻译中，由于题材基本上是关于自然科学和社会科学的文章，所以我们遵循的方法是：能直译就直译，既能直译又能意译的以直译为主，不能直译的采用意译，一般情况下直译与意译相结合。

1.能直译就直译

例：In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,"United we stand,divided we fall".

译文：在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去”。

2.不宜直译就意译

例：The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters。

译文：关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。

分析：原文表层信息--关于增税的谈论对选民来说是一面红旗(红旗对中文读者来说象征着革命)。

原文深层信息--a red flag是令人生气的事物，源于西班牙的斗牛民俗。斗牛场上，人们用红布来激怒牛。

3.直译与意译相结合

例：The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.The world won't end if you don't pass a test.So don't worry excessively about a single test。

译文：考试的目的在于显示你对某一科目的掌握程度。一次考试不及格天是不会塌下来的。因此不必为一次考试过分担心。

另外，我们不能忽视词语词组的翻译应以适应上下文为主要标准。例如“work”，在考博翻译中往往不能翻译成“工作”，而要翻译成“研究工作”；作为名词，也不能翻译成“作品”，而应当翻译成“研究成果”。这是考博翻译的一些具体要求和得分点之所在。

C.英语简单句拉长变多长句

Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves(参考译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门学问的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。)

英文原句是个典型的长句，由27个词组成，中间没有使用任何标点符号，完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整：less through…and more from构成一个复杂的状语，修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中，“产生兴趣”这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达，两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达，整个句子被化整为零“…产生兴趣…，这与其说是因为…，还不如说是因为…”

（5）写作备考：经典句型推荐

写作句型一：

No one can deny the fact that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.没有人能否人这一事实:教育是人生最重要的一方面.

It goes without saying that…

写作句型二：

People equate（等同v.）success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论.

Equate success with one’s character

写作句型三：

According to a recent survey,four-million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病.

According to a recent research or investigation,…

写作句型四：

The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感.

The latest survey show that…

写作句型五：

No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评.

No other medium has received more attraction than internet.

写作句型六：

People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实.

People seem to fail to take into account the fact that the serious pollution is binging abour harm to people’s health.

写作句型七：

Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康.

Many English educators point out that one cannot improve his English level greatly in such a short period of time.

写作句型八：

Nowadays,many students always go into raptures(兴高采烈)at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin.Unfortunately,for most young people,it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

（6）听力备考：

多听是提高听力的前题，但如何去听，如何获得准确的信息，则就不是多听听能解决的问题了。多听是增强语感，提高听力之本，若再加上正确的听力方法，掌握必要的技巧及对策，则可获得事半功倍的效果。

1、利用听录音前的时间，迅速地捕捉每个小题题干选项所提供的信息，预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容，这样听录音材料时就有的放矢，有所侧重，提高答题的准确率。

2、克服犹豫不决的毛病，对自己有把握的试题应快速作答，对无把握的试题也要在所听信息的基础上排除错误选项，进行优化处理。不会作答的，立即暂时搁置，准备听新的题目。

3、目前听力测试中短文理解大部分是记叙文或讲话稿，所以听录音时重在听懂每句话的意思和内涵，注意捕捉文中所涉及的人物（who）、事件（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）、方式（how）、程度（how long，how soon，how much）、数字（how many／how much）、选择（which…）等，以便检查答案。

4、注意听短文的首句和首段，文章的开首和开首段，往往是对短文内容的概括，如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。

5、不管听什么材料，注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上，千万不能只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清时马上放弃，不要强迫自己听清每一个词，要把重点放在听关键词即实词上，一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下来。

育明学校及育明考博简介

咨询报名电话：400-668-6978

咨询QQ：493371626（李老师）

2015考博QQ交流群105619820

2015考博QQ英语群335488903

2015考博QQ专业课群157460416

育明考博成立于2010年，是育明学校旗下的独立教学部门。由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学、复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考博辅导学校。

育明考博的创立者绝大多数是经过考试进入北京大学、清华大学等名校的，因此，创立者们能够准确的体会到“考博人”真正需要的帮助和指导是什么。另外创立者大都有丰富的授课经验，至今仍旧在不同的专业领域担任一线讲师，并形成了一个高水平的、稳定的考研专业课师资队伍，从而保证了授课的质量。

育明考博在创立之初就确立了“为广大学员提供最高性价比的课程、最详尽的资料、最具权威的考博信息和最贴心的关怀”的办学理念。近年来育明考博根植于育明学校深厚的高校资源，整合利用育明优秀学员的成功经验与一手资料，在考博辅导领域成绩斐然，每年都帮助上百位优秀学员实现博士理想。

育明考博优秀学员及成绩介绍

育明考博坚持“小班夯实基础”与“一对一重点攻克”相结合的教学思路，认真对每一位学员负责。针对每一位学员自身实际与报考院校的不同，在教学规划与授课方式上进行个性化的设置，推动每一位学员都能够在最短的时间内取得理论知识与应试技巧的最大提升。近几年育明考博的辅导课程取得了卓著的成绩，每年都有近百人进入北京各院校的重点学科，以下是关于几位优秀学员的介绍：

学员一

郭海龙：北京大学国际关系学院科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动专业博士（附本人照片）

简介：育明考博2014届优秀学员，硕士毕业于中共江苏省委党校。2014年7月报名进入育明考博辅导课程进行学习，所选课程为北大英语集训营与专业课一对一教学。经过7个月左右的系统学习顺利考入北大国关学院。（附课堂笔记及模拟考试试卷图片）

学员二

赵文娟：人民大学环境学院人口、资源与环境经济学专业博士（附本人照片）

简介：育明考博14届优秀学员，硕士毕业于中国石油大学。2013年7月报名进入育明考博辅导课程进行学习，所选课程为人大英语集训营与专业课一对一教学。（附模拟考试试卷照片）

学员三

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