小学六年级英语总复习资料

2013年六年级英语总复习资料

一．学生易错点：

1. a, an的选择: 元音开头的单词用an,辅音开头的单词用a.

2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用am , you 用are.

3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用have .

4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.

5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.

6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)

二、名词复习要点

（一）可数名词

1．概念

可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，有单复数之分，前面可加数词或冠词。表示“一个”时用单数，表示“多个”时用复数。单数通常用a, an 或者是one来表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：a desk, an apple, one boy。

2．可数名词的规则复数构成形式

1）一般情况下，在单数名词后面直接加-s。

如：book→books boy→boys dog→dogs

2) 以-e结尾的加-s。

如：horse→horses page→pages

3) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单数名词，在后面加-es。

如：bus→buses box→boxes watch→watches

4)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，把y变为i ，再加es.

如：baby→babies lady→ladies

5) 以o结尾表示有生命的事物的名词，在词尾加-es。

如：tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes

表示没有生命的事物的名词，在词尾加-s。

如：radio→radios zoo→zoos piano→pianos photo→photos

6) 以f，fe结尾的单数名词，一般把f，fe改为v,再加-es。

如：knife→knives leaf→leaves

3．一些特殊的不规则的名词复数

1)单词内部的元音字母发生变化。

如：foot→feet man→men woman→women tooth→teeth

goose→geese

2) 单复数一样的。

如：p eople→people deer→deer fish→fish sheep→sheep

3) 词尾加-en.

如：child→children

4)系动词be和指示代词的复数。

如：am→are is→are this→these that→those he/she/it→they

5)有些名词是通常以复数形式出现的。

如：shoes, glasses, jeans等

三、不可数名词

1．概念

不可数名词是因不能数而无单复数之分的名词。不可数名词包括物质名词、抽象名词和多数专有名词。它们通常没有复数的形式，也不能与a,an连用。在表示“一”或“几”的数量概念时，不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用。如果是表示复数的数量关系时，则把量词变化，不可数名词不变。一般用some, any, no, much, little, a little, a lot of等修饰。

如：a box of milk 一盒牛奶some water 一些水much food 大量的食物

2．不可数名词的归类

1）表示液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, coke, ink, tea等。

2）表示自然现象：snow, rain, ice等。

3）表示食品类：rice, meat, bread, beef, pork, chicken, fish, food 等。

4）其他类：newspaper, news, homework, housework等。

三、形容词比较级

当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:

什么+ 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级+ than(比)+ 什么,如:

I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)

An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是

①一般的直接在词尾加er ,如tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

②以e结尾的,直接加r ,如fine – finer ,

③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier

④④双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

⑤☆注意☆比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.

⑥典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)

⑦比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.

⑧应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

1．表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom（很少）, never（决不）, every day, at 8:30, on Sunday,in the morning等。

如：I always get up at 6:00 in the morning.

2．表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

如：She loves English very much.

My sister can play the piano very well.

3．表示客观的事实。

如：The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

二、句子结构

1．如果句子主语的人称是I, we, you, they或复数名词时，动词用动词原形。

如：We often go home by bus.

2．如果句子的主语是第三人称单数，即：he, she, it 或单数名词时，动词要用第三人称的单数形式。

如：He often goes home by bus.

三、动词的第三人称单数形式的构成规则如下：

1．一般情况下在动词的后面直接加“s”；

如：work→works play→plays see→sees visit→visits 2．以o, x,s,sh, ch结尾的动词，在后面加“es”；

如：do→does pass→passes wash→washes teach→teaches 3．以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把“y”改为“i”, 再加“es”；

如：fly→flies study→studies carry→carries

4．不规则变化。

如：have→has

四、一般现在时的一般疑问句

一般现在时的一般疑问句是把助动词do, 或does 放在句首来引导。

1、如果句子的主语是I, we, you, they或复数名词时，用do来引导，其余句子的位置不变。肯定回答：Yes, I/we/they do. 否定回答：No, I/we/they don’t.

如：They go to school by bus every day.

→Do they go to school by bus every day?

→Yes, they do.（肯定回答）

→No, they don’t.（否定回答）

2、如果句子的主语是he, she, it 或单数名词时，用does 来引导，其余句子的位置不变，但是要把原来句子中的动词第三人称单数形式，改为动词原形。肯定回答：Yes, he/she/it does. 否定回答： No, he/she/it doesn’t.

如：He often goes to school by bike.

→Does he often go to school by bike?

→Yes, he does. （肯定回答）

’t. （否定回答）

一、概念

表示正在发生的事情或动作，常和now，look，listen连用。如：We are listening to music now. 我们现在正在听音乐。Listen! He is playing the piano. 听！他正在弹钢琴。

二、句子结构

1．be + 动词现在分词（即：动词-ing形式），be + doing 是一个整体，不能分开。

2．be 随着主语的变化而变化，doing 的变化规则根据现在分词的变化规律来定。

三、动词现在分词的构成规律

四、现在进行时的各种句式变化

1．否定句

方法：直接在be 的后面加not 。

如： They are running. →They are not running.

2．一般疑问句

方法：直接把be 放在主语的前面，其余位置不变。

如：They are running.→Are they running?

3．特殊疑问句

方法：如果就划线部分提问事情或动作时，用What …doing?

如：They are swimming in the sea now.→What are they doing in the sea now? 状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如this afternoon,tomorrow, tonight,next week 等。

构成：be going to +动词原形

一般将来时还可以由助动词will+动词原形构成。

如：last weekend, yesterday.

动词过去式的构成规律

加“-ed”后的读音方法

1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。

washed /-t/ helped /-t/ asked /-t/

2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的，读/d/。

played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/

3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，读/id/。

wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/

五、人称代词与物主代词

一、人称代词

六、句型专项归类

1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.

He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.

☆注意☆小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词"not".有动词be 的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它

后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .

3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答.

如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not.

Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.

Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.)

Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't).

Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

☆注意☆小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上改

①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.

②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.

这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.

4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答.如:

What is this？It's a computer.

What does he do？He's a doctor.

Where are you going？I'm going to Beijing.

Who played football with you yesterday afternoon？Mike.

Which season do you like best？Summer.

When do you usually get up？I usually get up at 6:30.

Whose skirt is this？It's Amy's.

Why do you like spring best？Because I can plant trees.

How are you ？I'm fine. / I'm happy.

How did you go to Xinjiang？I went to Xinjiang by train.

☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

例句:How many pencils do you have ？I have three pencils.

How many girls can you see？I can see four girls.

How many desks are there in your classroom？There are 51.

小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,

How many + 名词复数+ do you have 你有多少……

How many + 名词复数+ can you see 你能看见多少……

How many + 名词复数+ are there… 有多少……

七:完全,缩略形式: I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are

you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not

总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但

can't=can not)

八、小学英语词汇归类表

学习用品(school things):pen钢笔pencil铅笔pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子book书bag包comic book漫画书post card明信片newspaper报纸schoolbag书包eraser橡皮crayon蜡笔sharpener卷笔刀story-book故事书notebook笔记本Chinese book语文书English book英语书math book数学书magazine杂志dictionary词典

人体(body):foot脚head头face脸hair头发nose鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴

颜色(colours):red红blue蓝yellow黄green绿white白black黑pink粉红purple紫orange橙brown棕

动物(animals):cat猫dog狗pig猪duck鸭rabbit兔horse马elephant大象ant蚂蚁fish鱼bird鸟eagle鹰beaver海狸snake蛇mouse老鼠squirrel 松鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴panda熊猫bear熊lion狮子tiger老虎fox 狐狸zebra斑马deer鹿giraffe长颈鹿goose鹅hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb 小羊sheep绵羊goat山羊cow奶牛donkey驴squid鱿鱼lobster龙虾shark鲨鱼seal海豹sperm whale抹香鲸killer whale虎鲸

人物(people):friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩mother母亲father父亲sister姐妹brother兄弟uncle叔叔;舅舅man男人woman女人Mr.先生Miss小姐lady女士;小姐mom妈妈dad爸爸parents父母grandparents祖父母grandma/grandmother(外)祖母grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父aunt姑姑cousin堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹son儿子daughter女儿baby婴儿kid小孩classmate同学queen女王visitor参观者neighbour邻居principal校长university student大学生pen pal笔友tourist旅行者people人物robot机器人

职业(jobs):teacher教师student学生doctor医生nurse护士driver司机farmer农民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家TV reporter电视台记者engineer工程师accountant会计policeman(男)警察salesperson销售员cleaner清洁工baseball player棒球运动员assistant售货员police警察

食品,饮料(food & drink):rice米饭bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水egg蛋fish鱼tofu豆腐cake蛋糕hot dog热狗hamburger汉堡包French fries炸薯条cookie曲奇biscuit饼干jam果酱noodles面条meat肉chicken 鸡肉pork猪肉mutton羊肉vegetable蔬菜salad沙拉soup汤ice冰

ice-cream冰淇淋Coke可乐juice果汁tea茶coffee咖啡breakfast早餐lunch午餐dinner/supper晚餐meal一餐

水果,蔬菜(fruit & vegetables):apple苹果banana香蕉pear梨orange橙watermelon西瓜grape葡萄eggplant茄子green beans青豆tomato西红柿potato土豆peach桃strawberry草莓cucumber黄瓜onion洋葱carrot胡萝卜cabbage卷心菜

衣服(clothes):jacket夹克衫shirt衬衫T-shirt丅恤衫skirt短裙子dress连衣裙jeans牛仔裤pants长裤socks袜子shoes鞋子sweater毛衣coat上衣raincoat雨衣shorts短裤sneakers网球鞋slippers拖鞋sandals凉鞋boots 靴子hat(有沿的)帽子cap便帽sunglasses太阳镜tie领带scarf围巾gloves 手套trousers裤子

交通工具(vehicles):bike自行车bus公共汽车train火车boat小船ship轮船yacht快艇car小汽车taxi出租车jeep吉普车van小货车;面包车

plane/airplane飞机subway/underground地铁motor cycle摩托车

杂物(other things): window窗户door门desk课桌chair椅子bed床computer计算机board写字板fan风扇light灯teacher's desk讲台picture 图画;照片wall墙壁floor地板curtain窗帘trash bin垃圾箱closet壁橱mirror 镜子end table床头柜football/soccer足球present礼物walkman随身听lamp台灯phone电话sofa沙发shelf书架fridge冰箱table桌子TV电视air-conditioner空调key钥匙lock锁photo照片chart图表plate盘子knife 刀fork叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子pot锅gift礼物toy玩具doll洋娃娃ball球balloon气球kite风筝jigsaw puzzle拼图游戏box盒子umbrella伞zipper拉链violin小提琴yo-yo溜溜球nest鸟窝hole洞tube管子toothbrush牙刷menu菜单e-card电子卡片e-mail电子邮件traffic light交通灯money钱medicine药

地点(locations):home家room房间bedroom卧室bathroom卫生间living room起居室kitchen厨房classroom教室school学校park公园library图书馆post office邮局police office警察局hospital医院cinema电影院bookstore书店farm农场zoo动物园garden花园study书房playground操场canteen食堂teacher's office教师办公室library图书馆gym体育馆washroom卫生间art room绘画教室computer room计算机教室music room 音乐教室TV room电视机房flat公寓company公司factory工厂fruit stand 水果摊pet shop宠物商店nature park自然公园theme park主题公园science museum科学博物馆the Great Wall长城supermarket超市bank银行country国家village乡村city城市hometown家乡bus stop公交车站

课程(classes): sports体育运动science科学Moral Education思想品德课Social Studies社会课Chinese语文math数学PE体育课English英语课

国家,城市(countries & cities): China/PRC中国America/USA美国UK联合王国England英国Canada/CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亚New York纽约London伦敦Sydney悉尼Moscow莫斯科Cairo开罗

气象(weather): cold寒冷的warm温暖的cool凉爽的snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的hot炎热的rainy下雨的windy有风的cloudy多云的weather report天气预报

景物(nature): river河流lake湖泊stream河;溪forest森林path小道road公路house房子bridge桥building建筑物rain雨cloud云sun太阳mountain 山sky天空rainbow彩虹wind风air空气moon月亮

植物(plants): flower花grass草tree树seed种子sprout苗plant植物rose 玫瑰leaf叶子

星期(week): Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天weekend周末

月份(months): Jan. (January)一月Feb.(February)二月Mar.(March)三月April 四月May五月June六月July七月Aug.(August)八月Sept.(September)九月Oct.(October)十月Nov.(November)十一月Dec.(December)十二月

季节(seasons): spring春summer夏fall/autumn秋winter冬

方位(directions): south南north北east东west西left 左边right右边

患病(illness): have a fever发烧hurt疼痛have a cold感冒have a toothache 牙疼have a headache头疼have a sore throat喉咙疼

数词(numbers):基数词one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty 二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十forty-two四十二hundred百one/a hundred and thirty-six一百三十六

序数词：first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九twelfth第十二twentieth第二十thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十sixtieth第六十seventieth第七十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九十fifty-sixth第五十六

形容词(adj.): big大的small小的long长的tall高的short短的;矮的young年轻的old旧的;老的strong健壮的thin瘦的active积极活跃的quiet安静的

nice好看的kind和蔼亲切的strict严格的smart聪明的funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的salty咸的sour酸的fresh新鲜的favourite最喜爱的clean干净的tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry生气的happy高兴的bored 无聊的sad忧愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更强壮的older年龄更大的younger更年轻的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更长的thinner 更瘦的smaller更小的good好的fine好的great很好的heavy 重的new新的fat胖的happy快乐的right对的hungry饥饿的cute逗人喜爱的little小的lovely可爱的beautiful漂亮的colourful色彩鲜艳的pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的expensive昂贵的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的helpful有帮助的high高的easy简单的proud骄傲的sick有病的better更好的higher更高的

介词(prep.): in在……里on在……上;在……时候under在……下面near 在……的旁边behind在……后边next to与……相邻over在……上面in front of在……前面

代词(pron.): I我we我们you你;你们he他she她it它they他(她,它)们my 我的our 我们的your你的;你们的his他的her她的

动词(v.):play(.ed)玩;踢swim(swam)游泳skate滑冰fly(flew)飞jump跳walk 走run(ran)跑climb爬fight(fought)打架swing(swung)荡eat(ate)吃

sleep(slept)睡觉like像,喜欢have(had)有;吃turn转弯buy(bought)买

take(took)买;带live居住teach(taught)教go(went)去study(studied)学习learn学习sing(sang)唱歌dance跳舞row划do(did)做do homework做作业do housework做家务watch TV看电视read(read) books读书cook the meals 做饭water the flowers浇花sweep(swept) the floor扫地clean the bedroom 打扫卧室make(made) the bed铺床set(set) the table摆饭桌wash the clothes洗衣服do the dishes洗碗碟use a computer使用计算机do morning exercises晨练;做广播操eat breakfast吃早饭eat dinner吃晚饭go to school 上学have English class上英语课play sports进行体育运动get(got)up起床climb mountains爬山go shopping买东西play the piano弹钢琴visit grandparents看望(外)祖父母go hiking去远足fly kites放风筝make a snowman堆雪人plant trees种树draw(drew) pictures画画cook dinner做饭read a book看书answer the phone接电话listen to music听音乐clean the room打扫房间write(wrote) a letter写信write an e-mail写电子邮件

drink(drank) water喝水take pictures照相watch insects观察昆虫pick up leaves采摘树叶do an experiment做实验catch butterflies捉蝴蝶count insects数昆虫collect insects收集昆虫collect leaves收集树叶write a report 写报告play chess下棋have a picnic举行野餐get to到达ride(rode) a bike 骑自行车play the violin拉小提琴make kites制作风筝collect stamps集邮meet(met)见面welcome欢迎thank谢谢love爱work工作drink(drank)喝taste尝smell闻feed(fed)喂养shear剪milk挤奶look看guess猜help帮助pass传递show展示use使用clean打扫open打开close关上put放paint绘画tell(told)告诉kick踢bounce反弹ride(rode)骑stop(stopped)停wait等find(found)寻找到drive(drove)驾驶fold折send(sent)寄wash洗shine照耀become变成feel(felt)感觉到think(thought)思考meet(met)遇见

fall(fell)落下leave(left)离开wake(woke) up醒来put on穿上take off脱掉hang up挂起wear(wore)穿go home回家go to bed上床睡觉play computer games玩电脑游戏play chess下棋empty the trash倒垃圾put away the clothes收拾衣服get off下车take a trip去旅行read a magazine读杂志go to the cinema去看电影go straight向前直走

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