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国际音标课程

国际音标课程 Revised as of 23 November 2020

国际音标课程

Lesson 1

一、认识音标

英语中共有48个音标，其中20个为元音音标，28个为辅音音标。发音时声带振动且气流在通路上不受发音器官阻挡的是元音。发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官阻挡的是辅音。

48个国际音标

?请写出26个字母

____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

二、元音字母

1、[ɑ:]

?发音要领：长元音。口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖不抵下齿，下巴放低，放松发音。

?字母组合： a ar au al

examples: f a st快的 l a st最后的 gl a ss玻璃 cl a ss班级 pl a nt植物 dance跳舞 car汽车 farm农场 garden花园 arm胳膊

aunt阿姨

half 一半

?读一读

1.It’s too far!

It’s too far!

How can I see so far

So far,so far.

2.You can drive a car,

Running on the road fast.

I can drive a star,

Flying in the dark.

The best I laugh,

I laugh the last.

?背一背

开着car（汽车）

向着star（星星）

路途far（遥远的）

想变smart（聪明的）

必须start（开始）

学习art（艺术）

?根据发音规则，圈出每组中含元音/ɑ:/的两个单词

1.cartoon卡通 play玩 clean打扫 park公园

2.eat吃 last上一个的 funny可笑的 grass草坪

3.head头 half一半 front正面 after在（时间）后

4.clock时钟 dance跳舞 cook烹调 start开始

2、[]

?发音要领：短元音。嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍稍抬起。?字母组合：u o ou

examples:bus巴士 sun太阳 jump跳 cup杯子

son儿子 money钱 front前面 lovely可爱的 mother妈妈

trouble麻烦 enough足够的 young年轻的

?读一读

Hurry up!

There comes the bus.

Don’t worry.

I’m in good luck.

I can catch the bus.

?背一背

举着gun（枪）小小bug（虫）

瞄准sun（太阳）把我hug（拥抱）

不停run（跑）

?念单词,在读[]的字母或字母组合下划线

bun fun gun run sun bus cup cut summer

bunny jump supper Monday front lovely money young

3、[:]

?发音要领：长元音。双唇收得小而圆，并向前突出，舌身往后缩。

?字母组合： al ar au aw or ou

examples：small小的 talk谈话 tall高的 ball球 call叫 walk散步 all全 also还 warm温暖的 quarter四分之一

autumn秋季

draw画

short短的 more更多的 horse马 for为了 forty四十 sport运动

four四

?读一读

1.I like sport,

Though I’m short.

I train more and more,

And be as strong as a horse.

2.Two little black birds sitting on a wall.

One named Jack,and one named Paul.

Fly away ,Jack!Fly away Paul!

Come back,Jack!Come back,Paul!

?背一背

有一堵wall（墙）个子short（矮的）

它有些small（小）喜欢sport（运动）

只有一人tall（高）骑着horse（马）

用力踢只ball（球）

在墙那边fall（落下）

给妈打个call（电话）

她在shopping mall（商场）

给爸打个call（电话）

他在dining hall（餐厅）

急得我们all（全部）

一头撞上wall（墙）

?根据发音规则，找出含[:]音的单词，并写在横线上

1.talk讲话 bird鸟 bread面包 happy高兴 ______________________

2.mine我的 chair椅子 sport运动 his他的 ______________________

3.bear熊 ask问 spring春天 get到达 ______________________

4.drink喝 cup杯子 autumn秋天 bag书包 ______________________

4、[]

?发音要领：短元音。口腔打开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍收圆。

?字母组合： o a

examples:hot热的 lot许多 box盒子 not不

want想要 wash洗 watch看

?读一读

1.Where’s the watch

Where’s the watch I got in my pocket

2.A dog and a fox stand on a ’s a shop near the bus stop.

?背一背

清晨jog（慢跑）

带上dog（狗）

踩到frog（青蛙）

?根据发音规则，找出含音的单词，并写在横线上

1.house房子 teacher老师 wash洗 clothes衣服 ___________________

2.cold冷的 bottle瓶子 turn转弯 left左 ___________________

3.right右 season季节 often经常 bus巴士 ___________________

4.pick摘 which哪一个 song歌曲 week周 _______________________

作业

1.读短语

ask and answer

/a:sk/ /nd/ /a:ns/

charge for trouble

/ta:d/ /f:/ /trbl/

blood brother

/bld/ /bre/

2.读句子

1）The stars in the sky are far away from us.

The /sta:z/ in the sky /a:/ /fa:/ away from /s/.

2）When the sun comes up, you are still under the covers, it is still the

time to get up!

When the /sn/ /kmz/ /p/, you /a:/ still /nd/ the /kvz/, /it/ /iz/ /stil/

the time to /get/ /p/!

3.读谚语Like father, like son.

有其父必有其子

Far from eye, far from heart.

眼不见，心不烦

4.选出划线部分读音不同的单词

（）

5.请将每个音标书写10遍

lesson 2

1、[:]

?发音要领

长元音。嘴型扁平，上下齿微开，舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起。

?字母组合 er ear ir ur or

examples： her她的

pearl珍珠 learn学习 earth地球

girl女孩 bird鸟 third第三 shirt衬衫 first第一

fur皮毛 turn转弯；顺序 hurt受伤

work工作 word单词

?读一读

Who’ll catch the worm

It’s the early bird.

Who’ll b e the first

It’s the clever girl.

?圈出下列单词中元音相同的两个单词

三十 beer啤酒 thirsty口渴 wheat小麦

快的 early早到的 count数数 learn学习

先生 sit坐 turn转弯 use使用

单词 worry担心 type打字 worker工人

2、[]

?发音要领

短元音。嘴唇微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部稍微抬起，口腔自然放松发声。

?字母组合 er or ou ar a e i o u

examples: pict ure图片 camer a相机 teach er老师 sug ar糖 pand a熊猫?读一读

1. Father,mother,sister,

And my younger brother.

They all sit together,

Talking about the weather.

,cinema,umbrella.

I took my umbrella;

I carried my camera;

And I went to the cinema.

?圈出下列单词中元音相同的两个单词

电影院 swim游泳 camera相机 shop购物

特点 keep保持 picture图片 climb爬

记者 doctor医生 traffic交通 sleep睡

读 summer夏天 winter冬天 listen听

?动词变名词

example：teach——teacher

learn—— write—— dance—— sing——

bake—— swim—— clean—— drive——

3、[i:]

?发音要领

长元音。嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，流露出微笑的表情，与字母e的发音相同。?字母组合 e ea ee ie ei

examples: e vening 晚上；傍晚 Chin e se 中国人

t ea 茶 s ea大海 l ea f 树叶ea t 吃

s ee 看 d ee p 深的 str ee t 大街；街道

p ie ce 片 th ie f 小偷

rec ei ve 收到

?读一读

to tea!

Come to tea with me!

Come to tea with me by the sea!

2.Sweet,sweet,sweet,

Sweets are sweet.

I like sweets,

Because they are sweet.

?圈出下列单词中元音相同的两个单词

座位 rain雨 bean大豆 cat猫

礼物 feet脚 teacher老师 dog狗

猪 star星星 tree 树 jeep吉普车

?趣味拼读

I can s ee the s ea,the d ee p,gr ee n s ea.

4、[]

?发音要领：短元音。嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴型扁平。

?字母组合：i y ei ey

examples: s i x 六 f i sh 小鱼 p i g猪 s i t坐 v i s i t拜访

man y许多 happ y高兴 twent y二十

mon ey钱

?读一读

’s swimming.

He’s swimming in the river.

He’s swimming in the river with Tim.

you ready

No,I’m sorry.

Is she ready

No,she is busy.

Let’s everything ready!

?根据发音规则，圈出每组中含元音/

?/的两个单词

沙发 spring春天 plant种 winter冬天

一月 every每个 cave山洞 best最

迟到 pick摘 swim游泳 letter信

第五 talk讲话 sit 坐 tell告诉

?单词辨析

sit-seat ship-sheep fill-feel fit-feet

作业

1、背一背

穿上shirt（衬衫）一个nurse（护士）一个driver（司机）脱下skirt（裙子）丢了purse（钱包）掉进river（河）

扔进dirt（土）生命over（结束）

一只bee（蜜蜂）一颗pea（豌豆）一只pig（猪）

躲进tree（树）掉进sea（大海）非常big（大）

没人see（看见）泡壶tea（茶）把洞dig（挖）

2、根据音标读单词

dinner['din] exercise['ekssaiz]

eat[i:t] weekend['wi:k'end]

spring[spri] swim[swim]

3、判断下列单词有几个音节

( )September[sep'temb]

（）October[k'tub]

（）November[nu'vemb]

（）birthday['b:θdei]

（）music['mju:zik]

4、选出划线部分读音不同的单词

（）

( )

5、请将每个音标书写10遍

lesson 3

1、[u:]

?发音要领：长元音。嘴形小而圆，微微外突，舌头尽量后缩。

?字母组合：oo o u

examples：food食物 moon月亮 room房间 tooth牙齿

shoe鞋子 do做 two二

true真的 blue蓝色的

?读一读

I choose blue.

I choose blue shoes.

I choose blue shoes to take to school.

?念单词

boot cool fool choose tooth moon noon pool school zoo

2、[]

?发音要领：短元音。嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴型稍收圆并放松些，舌头后缩。?字母组合：oo ou u o

examples:look看 good好 foot脚 book书 wood木头

should应该 could可能

put放 full满 pull拉 push推

woman女人 wolf狼

?读一读

Look！Here is a book---

A very good book!

It’s about a king and his cook.

Yes,of course,

I want to have a look.

?读成对的单词

look——lock cook——cock books——box

foot food good wood

3、[e]

?发音要领：短元音。嘴型扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。

?字母组合：ea e a

examples：head头 bread面包

elephant大象 lesson课 bed床 desk课桌 yes是的

many许多 any任何的

?读一读

Have a rest.

Don't get wet.

Show me your left leg.

You’d better send me a letter.

?圈出不含[e]的单词

1.cat猫 best最好的 else其他 when什么时间

2.left左 lesson课 busy忙的 pen笔

3.get到达 snowman雪人 twelfth第十二 well身体好

4.ferry轮渡 February二月 contest比赛 west西方

4、[]

?发音要领：短元音。嘴张大，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形，舌尖抵下齿。

?发音字母： a

example：bag包 hand手 and和 ant蚂蚁 happy高兴的 hat帽子 map地图

bad坏的 black黑色 back后面

?读一读

Look at the hat.

Look at the cap.

Oh,a cat is in the cap.

How can the cat catch the rat

It’s too bad,too bad.

?单词辨析

bag——beg land——lend bad——bed

作业

1.熟读下列音标

2.判断下列单词中元音

音标是（T）否（F）相同

（） lend （） walk （） room

（） bread （） clean （） win

（）

4.阅读

I Make Granny Glad

A language teacher Grace was giving a lesson about how to make others glad.”Now,boys and

girl,”she began to ask,”Do you often make others glad” ”I guess yes,Grace.”said a small girl,Gloria,”I

made someone glad today.”

“Great!Who is that”

“My granny.”

“Good tell us how you made your grandmother glad.”

“ went to see her played the guitar and told ghost stories for three said she had a I said to

her,’Granny,I’m going home.’And she began to smile,’’m glad now!’When I went to the gate of her

house,she asked me gave me a bag with a big egg in it.”

1)根据故事判断正（T）误（F）

（） was giving a lesson about how to make others glad.

（） girl made her granny glad.

（） girl got a big apple from her granny.

2)写出划线部分音标

girl do tell us

is to see her ask bag big egg

5.将本节课所学的音标写10遍

lesson 4

1、[e]

?发音要领：由[e]和[]两个单音组成，[e]重读，[]轻读，口形由半开到合，字母a就发这个音。?字母组合：a ay ea ai ey

examples：name名字 cake蛋糕 late迟到 plane飞机 April四月

play玩 say说 may可以 way路

great很好地 break破裂

rain下雨 paint画画

they他们 grey灰色的

?读一读

Day after day.

We study English day after day.

Don’t be lazy!

That’s the way.

We must study hard day after day.

?找出每组中不含[e]的单词

1.face wave jeep take

2.grape late far space

3.plant play village always

4.cake price Friday pay

2、[a]

?发音要领：由[a]和[]两个单音组成，前重读后轻读，口型由开到合，与字母i的发音相同

?字母组合：i y ie igh

examples：bike自行车 fine好的 find找 nine九

my我的 try尝试 fly飞 eye眼睛

pie馅饼

light灯 night晚上 high高的

?读一读

my nice kite,

Fly my nice kite,

Fly,fly very high,

Up,up to the sky

pie,apple pie,

Peter likes apple pie;

So do I,so do I.

3、[]

?发音要领：由[]和[]两个单音组成，前重读后轻读，双唇由圆到扁，口型从开到合。

?字母组合：oy oi

examples：boy男孩 toy玩具 joy高兴

oil油 voice声音 coin硬币

?读一读

,boys!

What a noise!

Get your toys,

Boys,boys!

2.Oh,my boy!

Don’t be annoyed.

Be quick to make a choice.

Do you like coins or toys

Answer me in a loud voice.

4、[]

?发音要领：由[]和[]两个单音组成，[]的发音是一个过程，口形由半开到小，与字母o的发音相同。?字母组合：o ou ow oa

examples：home cold go no phone host ghost

know low below grow blow show flow

boat coat goal

?读一读

,snow

Where do you go

I don’t know,

Where I go.

2.It’s a goat,

Sitting in a boat,

Wearing a coat,

And writing a note.

作业：

1.读单词找规律

我的neighbor 年仅eight 擅长play 电脑game

有个child 今年five 非常nice 每天smile

有个boy 有点noise 特别enjoy 购买toy

有只goat 穿着coat 玩着snow 忘了home

2.选择读音不同的单词

( )

3.阅读

Hello,I’m ’m a is our new have Chinese and maths every have music and English on have PE and English on have computer class and science on have art and English on have PE and science on like PE class the best.

1)判断正（T）误（F）

（） has Chinese class on Mondays.

（） is a student.

（） loves English class the best.

2)写划线部分音标

hello science have

maths and on

class we art

like Friday best最好的

4.将本节课所学音标写10遍

lesson 5

1、[a?]

?发音要领：由[a]和[]两个单音组成，[a]重读，[]轻读，口形由大到小。

?字母组合：ou ow

examples：house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town

?读一读

Mr. Brown!!

Are you going down to town

Could you stop and take me down

Thank you kindly,Mr Brown.

2、[]

?发音要领：由[]和[]两个单音组成，[]重读，[]轻读，双唇始终半开。

?字母组合：ea eo eer ear

examples：beer deer

ear near

idea

?读一读

Oh,dear,oh,dear!

The beer here is too dear!

It’s sad to hear,

That thing could be so queer.

3、[e?]

?发音要领：由[e]和[]两个单音组成，前重后轻，舌尖抵下齿，双唇半开。

?字母组合：ear air ere

examples：pear bear

chair air fair

there where

care

?读一读

Here,here,here.

There,there,there.

here and there.

there and here.

I’.m here.

You’re there.

here and there.

Pears are grown everywhere.

4、[]

?发音要领：由[]和[]两个单音组成，前重后轻，嘴唇由收圆到半开。

?字母组合：ur oor our ure

examples：tour旅行 poor穷的 February二月 pure纯洁的

?读一读

,sure,sure.

We are not poor.

Are you sure

Yes!Sure,sure.

2.Nothing in his pocket,I’m sure.

But don’t say he is poor.

Because of his hands secure,

He’ll turn a stone to gold pure.

作业

1.将音标与相对应的单词进行划线

[b] hair

[] where

[we] boy

[he] sure

[h] lazy

[lezi] borrow

[br] here

2.阅读

Wendy is twelve years old,and she always does things her own her parents want her to do something,she always doesn’t do parents always worry about a cold winter day,she wanted to go to her friend’s birthday she didn’t know what to was choosing a sweater to had three sweaters--a blue sweater,a white one and a yellow had asked her father,”Which sweater is the best”Her father said,”I think the yellow one is the best.”Then she asked he mother,”Which one do you think is the best”Her mother

answered,”The blue one,of course!”Wendy said,”Thank you.”Then she put the white sweater and walked out.

1)判断正(T)误(F)

（） always listens to her parents.

（） wanted to go to her friend’s birthday party on a cold winter day.

（） last Wendy chose the yellow sweater.

2)写划线部分音标

year know（知道） winter yellow

about cold wear white

choosing course which out

4.将本节课所学音标写10遍

lesson 6

元音发音规则

1) A E O U

2)_a_

_u_

3)I&Y

4)Silent final E

5)两个元音规则

6)the“r”rule

圈出每组中发音不同的单词

p i g ch i n mon ey s ea

h er teach er b ir d sk ir t

h or se d o g w a tch f o x

j ui ce f oo d b oo k sh oe s

gr a ss b u s st ar au nt c a p d e sk s ai d b e ll g a te tr ay r ai n p ie b oy b oi l b ow s oy fl ow er sn ow h ou se c ow p oor t our b oa t p ure 作业

1.复习元音发音及字母组合发音

1）写出ai组合的常见发音：

2）写出ay组合的常见发音：

3）写出au组合的常见发音：

4）写出aw组合的常见发音：

5）写出ar组合的常见发音：

6）写出er组合的常见发音：

7）写出ir组合的常见发音：

8）写出or组合的常见发音：

9）写出ur组合的常见发音

10）写出ea组合的常见发音：

11）写出oa组合的常见发音：

12）写出ou组合的常见发音：

13）写出ow组合的常见发音：

14）写出oo组合的常见发音：

2.给下列单词划线部分选择正确的读音

1.taxi ( ) ( )

2.goodbye ( ) ( )

3.bread ( ) ( )

4.hello ( ) ( )

5.bookstore ( ) ( )

3.将音标与相对应的单词进行划线

[b] hair

[] where

[we] boy

[he] sure

[h] lazy

[lezi] borrow

[br] here

4.根据划线部分的读音，选择正确的音标

（） A./i:/ B.// C./e/

（） A.// B./u:/ C.//

（） A./e/ B.// C.//

（） A./a/ B.// C./:/

（） A.// B./:/ C./ɑ:/

lesson 7

1、[p]

?发音要领：双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，声带不振动。

?读一读

Up,up,up.

Up to the top!

Never stop!

Till you are at the top.

2、[b]

?发音要领：和[p]发音相似，双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带需振动。

?读一读

See a pin and pick it up,

All the day you’ll have good luck.

See a pin and let it lie,

You’ll be sorry by and by.

3、[t]

?发音要领：舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，声带不振动。

?读一读

Turn,turn,turn.

Turn to the right.

Turn to the left.

Now don’t turn left.

But turn right.

4、[d]

?发音要领：和[t]发音相似，舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带需振动。

?读一读

Dad,dad,dad.

The dog is sad.

Stop,Stop,Stop.

That’s really bad.

5、[k]

?发音要领：舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，声带不振动。

?读一读

Cook,cook,

Will you make me a cake

Please make it quickly

And put it to bake.

6、[g]

?发音要领：和[k]发音相似，舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，但声带需振动。

?读一读

little girl,little,girl,

Where have you been

I’ve been to see grandmother

over the green.

作业

1.选出划线部分读音不同的单词

（）

2.阅读

I Make Granny Glad

A language teacher Grace was giving a lesson about how to make others glad.”Now,boys and girl,”she began to ask,”Do you often make others glad””I guess yes,Grace.”said a small girl,Gloria,”I made someone glad today.”

“Great!Who is that”

“My granny.”

“Good tell us how you made your grandmother glad.”

“ went to see her played the guitar and told ghost stories for three said she had a I said to her,’Granny,I’m going home.’And she began to smile,’’m glad now!’When I went to the gate of her house,she asked me gave me a bag with a big egg in it.”

根据故事判断正（T）误（F）

（） was giving a lesson about how to make others glad.

（） girl made her grandfather glad.

（） girl got a big apple from her granny.

（） girl told a funny story.

（） granny really likes the girl’s stories.

3.写出下列单词音标

how boy girl make

do today my tell

us is to see

her home smile now