高考英语语法填空--被动语态六大核心考点

高考被动语态六大核心考点

在英语的两种语态中，对于大多数学生而言，主动语态较易接受和理解，而被动语态则是学习和备考的重点和难点。下面结合近年来高考题分三期来归纳一下被动语态方面的考查要点。

考点1：考查被动语态的启用与构成形式

【考例】

1.The hero’s story________(report) differently in the newspapers.（NMET2005全国）

2. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities ofgood earth ____( wash away) each year.

(NMET2005山东卷)

3. Millions of pounds’worth of damage________(cause) by astorm which swept across the north of England last night.

(NMET2005重庆)

4. Great changes_____( take place) in the city, and a lot offactories______(set up). (NMET)

【答案解析】

1. 【解析】答案was reported。句子的主语story是动作report的被执行者，故应选用被动语态；被动语态的构成为助动词be加动词的过去分词构成。

2.【解析】答案are being washed away。此题首先考查了主语与谓语的一致。谓语应与quantity 的形式一致，故本题应确定为复数谓语are，且用被动语态形式；其次考查被动语态的形式，根据前文的beingdestroyed，可判定为被动进行时态。

3.【解析】答案has been caused。Last night这一时间状语暗示动作已发生；又由于动作并非强调在一个过去时间之前就已完成，而是强调动作对现在的影响，故只能选用现在完成时的被动语态。

4.【解析】答案have taken place…have been set up.take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式B。

【考点透视】★被动语态的构成。

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而上变化。

以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1．am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors arerequested not to touch the exhibits.

2．has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations forthe task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3．am/is /are being done 现在进行时例 A new cinema is beingbuilt here．

4．was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decidewhether I should reject the offer.

5．had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, anothernew gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6.was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being heldwhen I was there. 7．shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will belost if the factory closes. 8．should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent tothe soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9．shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The projectwill have been completed before July.

10．should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用）例He told me that his new clothes wouldhave been made very soon.

★被动语态的特殊结构形式

1．带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2．有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given apresent by his mother for his birthday.

3．当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4．在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice,hear, feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5．有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

6. 将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度

【考例】

Good care must ______babies, particularly while they are ill.

【解析】答案be taken of。take good care of

★不能用被动语态的几种情况。

①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。

②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、looklike、consist to等。

③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。

④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。

⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。

⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。

【备考策略】分清及物与不及物动词，记准被动语态的各种时态的构成形式以及可以用被动语态的的场合。【体验高考】

1. According to the art dealer, the painting _______(expect) to go for at least a million dollars. (NMET 2004 年全国卷III, 30)

2. More patients_____(treat) in hospital this year than last year. (NMET2004年江苏)

3. All the employees except the manager _______(encourage) to work online at home.(NMET 2004年广东，21)

4. Hundreds of jobs ________( lose) if the factory closes. (NMET 2001年春季北京)

【答案解析】

1. 答案is expected。主语the painting 是expect的被执行者要用被动语态。

2. 答案have been treated。treat 与patient是动宾关系，要用被动语态，this year是表示现在的时间状语，所以要选现在完成时。

3. 答案are encouraged。encourage和employees 是动宾关系，要用被动语态，all the employees作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。Manager 做except 的宾语。

4.答案will be lost。lose jobs “失业”。主语是jobs，谓语要用被动语态，条件句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来。

考点2考查被动语态在各种时态中的运用

【考例】1. More than a dozen students in that school ______(send) abroad to study medicine last year. (NMET2005上海)

2.----Why did you leave that position? (2005北京31).

----I _________(offer) a better position at IBM.

3.---- The window is dirty. (NMET2004广州卷)

---- I know. It _____(clean) for weeks.

【答案解析】

1.【解析】答案were sent 。students作主语应用复数，是被送到国外学习的，应该用被动，根据时间last year可知道答案为过去时。

2.【解析】答案was offered。根据问句Why did you leave thatposition?可确定用一般过去时，wasoffered是被动语态，表示提供了更好的服务。

3.【解析】答案hasn’t been cleaned。根据第一句The window is dirty.和第三句的中的短语forweeks可确定正确答案为被动语态的现在完成时.

【考点透视】

被动语态时态的用法是高考考查的热点。被动语态时态的用法与主动语态相应时态的用法大致是一样的。但被动语态一般不常用于将来进行时态和各种完成进行时态。

★表示现在或经常发生的被动动作，用一般现在时的被动语态；表示现在之前发生的被动动作或过去某个时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在且该动作的结果对现在造成影响，用现在完成时的被动语态。试比较：Tom, you are wanted on the phone. 汤姆，你有电话。

Ten houses have been set up by now.到目前为止，已经建好了十座房子。

【考例】1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this opensea, which

_______(call) the Pacific, and we met no storms.（NEMT2005辽宁卷）

2. I can’t see any coffee in thiscupboard. Has it all ________(finish)? (NMET2005春)

3. You can see the house ________(paint) for years.(MET1981)

【答案解析】

1.【解析】答案is called 。本题四个选项都是被动语态形式。根据题意虽然去航海发生在过去，但是海的名称不会随时间变化，所以要用一般现在时。

2.【解析】答案been finished。根据题意can’t see any coffee，问句应当问的是现在已经用完的意思。

3.【解析】答案hasn't been painted. 根据句中的for years 和主句中的can see，可以确定答案。★表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；表示过去某个时候之前发生的被动动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。试比较：

I was invited to the party yesterday. 我昨天应邀参加了晚会。

He said his car had been stolen. 他说他的汽车失窃了。

【考例】

1. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment _________(damage). (NMET2005春)

2. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ________(complet) in Beijing. (上海2003 春)

【答案解析】

1.【解析】答案was damaged.equipment作主语句子应用被动，根据题意，主从句时态应一致用一般过去时。

2.【解析】had been completed。由由短语By the end of lastyear可知完成这一动作发生在过去的过去。

★表示现在或现阶段正在发生的被动动作，用现在进行时的被动语态；表示过去某个时候或过去某段时间正在进行的被动动作，用过去进行时的被动语态。试比较：

The car is being repaired over there now.那辆汽车现在正在那边修理。

When I called, coffee was being served.我来拜访时，正赶上咖啡之际。

【考例】

Rainforests ________(cut) and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (上海2002春)

【解析】are being cut。从后面的雨林在不久的将来将从地球上消失可以知道前面应该是指雨林现在正在以如此的速度被砍伐和烧毁。

★表示现在之后的将来发生的被动动作，用一般将来时的被动语态；表示从过去某个时候看今后将要发生的被动动作，用过去将来时的被动语态。值得注意的是，状语从句指将来情况时，不能用将来时态，通常用一般现在时或一般过去时的被动结构表示未发生的被动动作。试比较：

The work will be finished tomorrow. 这项工作明天完成。

He said that the factory would be built nextmonth.他说这座工厂下个月建成。

【考例】

I need one more stamp before my collection ________ .(NMET1994)

【解析】is completed。从句中我们看出完成的动作发生在将来，但因为用在时间状语从句中，所以只能用一般时。

★表示从现在看在将来某一时间之前完成的被动动作，用将来完成时的被动语态；表示从过去看在将来某个时候以前发生的被动动作，用过去将来时的被动语态。试比较：

This car will have been driven by Smith for five years by nextmonth.

到下个月，这辆汽车将由史密斯驾驶五年了。

John said the letter would have been finished by supper.约翰说那封信将在晚饭之前写完。【考例】

1. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction workfor the

BeijingOlympics________(complete) by 2006. (MET2004北京)

2. The rice ________(burn) if you had been more careful.(MET1988)

【答案解析】

1.【解析】答案will have been completed.介词by后接表示将来的时间时，句子的谓语要用将来完成时，根据句子的主语all construction work可确定要用被动语态。

2.【解析】答案would not have been burnt. 如果更谨慎一些的话，水稻就不会被烧毁了。Would + havedone 除表示对过去事情的推测，或表示一种责备或谴责。

【备考策略】被动语态常与时态结合在一起来考查，此部分是高考语态考查中最主要的内容，在复习中要注意分析语境，选择合适时态的被动语态构成形式。

【体验高考】

1. In some parts of the world, tea ___ (serve)with milk and sugar.(NMET1993)

2. This is Ted's phone. We miss him a lot. He ___(kill) trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)

3. ---- Have you moved into the new house?

---- Not yet, the rooms _____(paint). (NMET1991)

4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___(decide) yet.（上海春2003）

5. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn thatfour-fifths of the tickets ___(book).（上海春2001）

6. Visitors ________( request) not to touch theexhibits.(NMET 2001)

7. All the preparations for the task ___________( complete), and we’re ready to start.（2000年春季高考）

Keys:

1. 解析is served因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

2. 解析was killed Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

3. 解析are being painted “house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。

4. 解析has not been decided decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

5. 解析had been booked句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在enteredthe office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。

6.解析are requested。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor 与request之间是动宾关系，即requestvisitors not to touch theexhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。

7. 解析have been completed。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’reready tostart句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。

考点3：考查非谓语动词的被动语态

【考例】

1．________(separate) from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has manyplants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （NMET2005湖北卷）

2．All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to _______( receive) in time for Christmas. （NMET2005辽宁卷）

【答案解析】1.【解析】答案Having been separated。根据句中for millions ofyears，应该用完成时，同时根据句意，澳大利亚与其他洲分离用beseparated from 的分词完成时的被动语态形式，在句中作状语。

2.【解析】be received。so as to接动词原形，表示“以便”，根据gifts与receive的关系可知应选择不定式的被动形式，Tobe done。

【考点透视】

★当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。

【考例】1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the oldcouple, but it remains ___ (see) whether they will enjoy it.(NMET2002)

2. While shopping, people sometimes can't help _________(persuade) intobuying something they don't really need. （上海1996）

【答案解析】1.【解析】to be seen。根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

2.【解析】being persuaded。can't help doing“禁不住做某事”，顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。

★不定式表示被动的意义

The meeting is to be held next week.

He wanted to be sent to the hard area.

有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该”,“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，如：nice,easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable,cheap等。

The box is not strong enough to stand this.

It's too small to see.

There is a lot of work to do

The house is to let at low rent.

I am not to blame.

Houses are still to seek.

Much remains to do.

The text is hard tolearn.

【考例】I feel it is your husband who ______(blame) for the spoiled child. (2003全国) 【解析】is to blame 。feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be todo结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如toblame，to let等。在表示某人该受责备时通常说“be toblame”而不是“to be blamed”。

★动名词表示被动的意义 He insisted on being sentto the hard area.

在动词need, require等的主动语态和形容词worth后,表示被动的意义 My watch needs repairing.

The book is worth reading.

★现在分词表示被动的意义 The building being builtis a school.

Not having been told, he didn't know where to start.

★过去分词表示被动的意义 Heated, the metalexpands.

【备考策略】弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

考点4：考查作补语的被动语态

【考例】The missing boys were last seen_______(play) near the river.

【解析】playing。see sb do sth在变为被动语态时应为sb be seen to do sth，但不合题意，因为它暗示看到了整个事件的过程，即知道孩子玩的整个过程，这与missing的含意矛盾,即看到时孩子们正在玩。

【考例】More attention should be paid _______(develop) our education if

possible.(1995)

【解析】答案to developing。pay attention to在改为被动语态时attention变为主语，而保留下来的to依然是介词，而非不定式的符号。

【备考策略】复习中要注意双宾语的动词，含复合宾语的动词变被动语态应注意加不加to，短语动词变为被动语时应注意短语中介词或副词不能漏掉。

考点5：get＋过去分词构成的被动语态

【考例】

1. Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you won't have time to ____ before the party.(NMET04-28)

2. Be careful when you cross this very busy street．If not, you may________ by a car．(北京2002)

3. — How are the team playing﹖

— They're playing well, but one of them ________ ．(北京2002春)

4. As we joined the big crowd，I _______ from my friends.(NMET2001)

5. Cleaning women in big cities usually ________ by the hour.

【透视】1.get changed 分析: 检查考生动词的语态的掌握和运用能力。此句为“get”型被动，get changed 的含义为“换衣服”。同样的情况还有：get dressed, get killed, get burned等。2.get run over通常不接by sb. ，但有时接by sth. 。3.got hurt 4. got separated。表示“加入人群后，我和朋友分开”。5.get paid分析：pay是及物动词，"付给某人报酬"，应说pay sb.，清洁女工"

得到报酬"，应用被动语态，如果把get当作实义动词"得到"，pay用作名词"报酬；工资"，"得到报酬"应是get one's pay。

【超链接】被动语态除用“be＋过去分词”构成外，也可由“get＋过去分词”构成。

这种形式的被动语态主要用于①给自己做事（如get dressed穿衣get changed “换衣服”get married 结婚get seated(就座)）；

②设法做到自己称心的事（如get elected当选）；

③由于客观原因遇上的不尽人意的事（如get lost迷路get caught 被困get burned烧焦get broken 破了get drowned 被淹死 get robbed 遭抢劫get hurt 受伤get drunk 喝醉get separated分散）；

④表示命令（如Get washed！去洗洗吧）。

【备考策略】应注意主动语态变为被动语态时，有时用get代替be，但是用get时很不正式，多用于口语中，并且其后不能跟by＋执行者，这一结构更多地是近似于系动词become，表示一种结果或状态，而非动作。

考点6：被动语态在其它句型中的用法。

★“据说”类的三个被动句型

【考例】

1.There ______(say) to be no life on the moon.(MET'92)

2. It ______(require) in the regulations that you should not tell otherpeople the password of your e-mail account. （NMET2005上海）

【解析】

1. is said “据说”类的三个被动句型

如果我们要想把话说得谨慎些，可以用下列被动结构：①It is said that…②There is said to be…③sb. / sth. is said to…如：

It is said that there is plenty of oil off our coast. ＝There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast. 据说我国沿海有大量的石油。

It is said that Turner is a great artist. =Turner is said to be a great artist. 据说特纳是个大艺术家。

2. is required。It 作形式主语，真正的主语是that 从句。考查It is said/believed…句型。

【考点透视】一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider,expect, report, say, suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todo sth.”。有：

It is said that…据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believedthat…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well knownthat…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）

★将语态与倒装结合起来命题

【考例】Only after my friend came ______the computer ______(repair). （NMET2005福建卷）

【解析】答案was ; repaired。以“only+状语从句”开头的句子要倒装。Computer是repair的动作的被执行者，故要用被动语态。符合题意的为选项C。

★将语态与定语从句结合起来命题

【考例】The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister's car.(NMET2005广东卷)

【解析】答案had been。考查定语从句中谓语动词的形式。根据题意place动作应发生在catch之前。★将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题

【考例】

— Don't you think it necessary that he _______(send) to Miamibut to New York?

—I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.(NMET2005江苏卷)

【解析】答案not be sent; that。necessary后接从句的谓语要用“should+动词原形”或动词原形。从句中的主语he与send之间应是被动关系，而what引导表语从句，同时在从句中作宾语。

★将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题

【考例】

1. All the employees except the manager ______( encourage) to work online at home.

2. A library with five thousand books _______(offer) to the nation as a gift.

【答案解析】

1. are encouraged解析：主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态。

2. is offered解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D；又因主语(library) 是单数，排除C；故选A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。