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六

As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.

Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.

The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.

1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.

a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves

b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health

c.they are travelling fast all the time

d.they are becoming busier with their work

2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.

a.not fearing stress

b.knowing the art of relaxation

c.high sense of responsibility

d.having control over performance

3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?

a.We can find some ways to avoid stress

b.Stress is always harmful to people

c.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.

d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress

4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.

a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"

b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"

c."responding to crises quickly"

d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"

5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.

a."expose ourselves to stress"

b."find ways to deal with stress"

c."remove stress from our lives"

d."established links between diseases and stress"

答案：dadbc

七

In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual.

Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.

Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.

1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?

a.They were not satisfied with American society.

b.They wanted to grow marijuana.

c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.

d.They did not want all people to be equal.

2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?

a.In dome-shaped house

b.In old school huses

c.On a farm inTennessee

d.In an archology in Arizona

3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?

a.Paolo Soleri

b.B.G.Skinner

c.Steve Gaskin

d.Buckminster Fuller

4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?

a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"

b.Virginaia in the late 1960s

c.The ideas of psychologist

d.The belief that people must live closely togerher.

5.What is an "archology"?

a.A person who studies archaeology

b.A large building where people live closely together

c.A city in A rizona

d.A technique to contorl people

答案：abdcb

八

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in

which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.

1.This selection can best be titled_________.

a.Measuring Your Intelligence

b.Intelligence and Environment

c.The Case of Peter and Mark

d.How the brain Influences Intelligence

2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.

a.human brains differ considerably

b.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence

c.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence

d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.

a.85

b.100

c.110

d.125

4.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.

a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level

b.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviroment

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2a5248629.html,ck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence

d.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain

5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.

a.can be predicted at birth

b.stays the same throuthout his life

c.can be increased by education

d.is determined by his childhood

答案：bcbcc

九

As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume

Besides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable

experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.

Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on

sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.

When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.

1.Edith's father _______.

a.did not like present

b.never got present

c.preferred ties

d.was difficult to choose a present for

2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.

a.attractive

b.interested in ties

c.tired

d.in need of comfort

3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.

a.purosely

b.suddenly

c.unwillingly

d.accidentally

4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.

a.when he was obliged

b.on social occasions

c.from time to time

d.when he was delighted

5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.

a.coustomers trod on each other's toes

b.coustomers poked each other with their elbows

c.customers knocked each other

d.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry

答案：dbdcd

十

If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.

Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.

Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.

When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.

1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.

a.food

b.oil

c.space

d.resources

2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____

a.it might be possible to change its atmosphere

b.its atmosphere is the same as the earth's

c.there is a good supply of water on Venus

d.the days on Venus are long enough

3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.

a.water

b.carbon dioxide

c.carbon monoxide

d.oxygen

4.Algae are plants that can____.

a.live in very hot temperatures

b.live in very cold temperatures

c.manufacture oxygen

d.all of the above

5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.

a.the algae have done their work

b.the atmosphere becomes cooler

c.thereis oxygen

d.it rains there

答案：cabdd

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2014-2019历年大学英语四级真题及答案 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题 Part I Writing （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like to take him/her to see and why? Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A）The man should visit the museums. B）She can’t stand the hot weather. C）The beach resort is a good choice. D）She enjoys staying in Washington. 2. A）Her new responsibilities in the company. B）What her job prospects are. C）What the customers’ feedbac k is. D）The director’s opinion of her work. 3. A）Combine her training with dieting. B）Repeat the training every three days. C）Avoid excessive physical training. D）Include weightlifting in the program. 4. A）When she will return home. B）Whether she can go by herself. C）Whether she can travel by air. D）When she will completely recover. 5. A）The woman knows how to deal with the police. B）The woman had been fined many times before. C）The woman had violated traffic regulations. D）The woman is good at finding excuses. 6. A）Switch off the refrigerator for a while. B）Have someone repair the refrigerator. C）Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D）Buy a refrigerator of better quality. 7. A）He owns a piece of land in the downtown area. B）He has got enough money to buy a house. C）He can finally do what he has dreamed of. D）He is moving into a bigger apartment. 8. A）She is black and blue all over. B）She has to go to see a doctor. C）She stayed away from work for a few days. D）She got hurt in an accident yesterday.

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及标准答案.

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.

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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller