完形填空题型一突破(三)——议论文
1.议论型完形填空的特点
(1)议论形式的完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后,作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。
(2)议论形式的完形填空一般都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象)、论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法)这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题→分析问题→解决问题的过程。
(3)英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点,而且还要让读者接受自己的观点,因此,在词语表达上除了客观之外,还比较注重委婉。常用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和情态动词can,could,may,might,would,should等。为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性,往往较多地使用since,now that,therefore,in that case,because,so,but,however等过渡词和连接词。
2.议论型完形填空的备考策略
(1)遵循“首句”原则
对于议论文形式的完形填空,在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓好每段的首句是做好试题的基本原则之一。有一项调查结果表明,英语议论文有60%~90%的主旨句在文章的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就“牵住了牛鼻子”,再理解文意也就不难了。
(2)理清论点、论据、结论
议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比,议论型完形填空稍微难做。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的,我们只要把握事件发生、发展的过程,就能将情景掌握好。然而议论文形式的完形填空就不这么简单了,如果我们对哪是论点、哪是论据、哪是结论都不清楚,只是莽撞地选择答案,其结果可想而知。所以理清论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。
(3)“三论”结合验证答案
一般来说,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系,因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论据与论点相悖,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那就说明我们对于文章的把握欠条理和系统,我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分,直到清楚为止,然后再依据自己对全文的掌握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。
1
(2010·衡阳一次月考)
In our life,we have rarely expressed our gratitude to the
ones who’d lived those years with us.In fact,we don’t have
to wait for 1
to thank the ones closest to us—the ones so easily
overlooked.If I have learned anything about giving thanks,it
is this:Give it now! 2 your feeling of appreciation is alive and sincere,act on it.Saying thanks is such an easy way to 3 the world’s happiness.
Saying thanks not only 4 someone else’s world,but brightens yours.If you’re feeling left out,unloved or unappreciated,try reaching out to others.It may be just the 5 you need.
Of course,there are times when you can’t express gratitude 6 .In that case don’t let embarrassment sink you into silence—speak up the first time you have the chance.
Once a young minister,Mark Brian,was sent to a 7 town of Kwakiutl Indians in British Columbia.The Indians,he had been told,did not have a 8for thankyou.But Brian soon found that these people had special generosity.Instead of saying thanks,it is their custom to return every favor with a favor of their own,and every kindness with an equal or superior 9 .They do their thanks.
I wonder if we had words in our vocabulary for thankyou.Would we do a better job of
10 our gratitude?Would we be more responsive,more sensitive,more caring?
Thankfulness sets in motion a chain reaction that 11 people all around us—including ourselves.For no one ever misunderstands the tune of a grateful heart.Its message is universal;its words go beyond all earthly barriers;its music 12 the heavens.
1.A.requirements B.anniversaries C.celebrations
D.congratulations
答案 B
解析考查概括和推理。由首句可知,在生活中,我们很少向那些和我们一起生活许多年的人表达感激之情。此处表示事实上我们不必非要等到周年纪念日时才向他们表示谢意。anniversary周年纪念日;requirement需要,需求;celebration庆祝;congratulations
贺词。只有anniversary符合句意。
2.A.While B.Since C.Although D.Despite 答案 A
解析考查语境。句意为:在你的感激之情活跃而真诚时,把它表达出来吧。while 在……
时候;since既然,因为,用来引导原因状语从句;although虽然,尽管,引导让步状
语从句;despite介词,意思是“不管,尽管”,故应选while。
3.A.add up to B.add to C.make up D.look for 答案 B
解析考查动词短语。add to增加;add up to总计;make up虚构;补足;look for 寻找。
此处不定式短语作定语,只有add to合适,表示“说出感谢是增加快乐的如此简单的方式”。
4.A.widens B.strengthens C.clears D.brightens 答案 D
解析考查动词和上下文照应。此处是一个并列句,后一句省略了also,故前一句中也要使用brightens。句意为:表达感谢不仅能照亮别人的世界,而且也能照亮你的世界。
widen(使)变宽;strengthen加强,巩固;clear扫除,清除,结合句意和上下句的结构可以排除这三项。
5.A.requirement B.order C.medicine
D.encouragement
答案 C
解析考查语境。根据上下文可知,如果你感到你被冷落,向其他人表示你对他们感兴趣,这或许正是你需要的“良药”。medicine良药,有效的东西,可以比喻为解决问题的方法,符合句意。requirement需求,要求;order命令;顺序;encouragement鼓励, 都与句意不符。
6.A.safely B.immediately C.carefully D.rightly 答案 B
解析考查副词和上下文照应。结合下句中的“有机会的时候把它大声说出来”可知, 此处意为“有些时候你不能马上表达自己的感激之情”。safely安全地;immediately 立
即,马上;carefully小心地,谨慎地;rightly正确地。结合词义和语境可知,答案为immediately。
7.A.remote B.nearby C.crowded D.poor 答案 A
解析考查行文逻辑。结合上下文的意思及其提到的“印第安人”可知,Mark Brian应是到了一个遥远的、偏僻的小镇,故用remote遥远的,偏僻的。nearby附近的;crowded 拥挤的;poor贫穷的,文中均没有涉及。
8.A.purpose B.desire C.word D.heart 答案 C
解析考查行文逻辑。结合下一句的转折可知,印第安人不用语言来表示感谢,而是以自己的行动体现出来,并非没有感激之意,所以不能说他们没有这种意图(purpose)或欲望(desire),同样heart也错误。have a word for表示“说……”。
9.A.kindness B.manner C.reward D.value 答案 A
解析考查平行关系。结合前文的“every favor with a favor of their own”可知,此处应
用kindness,意为“友好的行为,好事”。manner方法,态度;reward报酬,奖赏;value 价值。
10.https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2e5796511.html,municating B.connecting C.convincing D.copying 答案 A
解析考查动词。结合上下文语境,此处表达的应是“传递,表达”谢意。Communicate 传达,传递。连接(connect)、说服(convince)和复制(copy)都不符合文意。
11.A.treats B.translates C.transports D.transforms
答案 D
解析考查动词。set sth.in motion使(某物)运转,开动(机器)等,使(程序等)开始。本句话
的意思是“感谢会产生连锁反应,而这会改变我们周围的人,包括我们自己”transform 改变,符合句意和逻辑。
12.A.covers B.excites C.touches D.decorates 答案 C
解析考查动词。cover覆盖;touch感动;excite使激动,使兴奋;decorate装饰。
结
合语境,此处应用touch。句意为:它的音乐可以感动上天。
2
The requirements for high school graduation have
just changed in my community.As a result,all students
must 1
sixty hours of service learning,or they will not receive
a diploma.Service learning is academic learning that
also helps the community.2of service learning
include cleaning up a polluted river,working in a soup kitchen,or tutoring a student.
3 a service experience,students must keep a journal (日志) and then write a report about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many 4 of service learning.Perhaps most importantly,students are forced to think 5 their own interests and become aware of the needs of others.Students are also able to learn real-life skills that 6 responsibility,problem-solving,
and working as part of a team.Finally,students can explore possible careers 7 service learning.For example,if a student wonders what teaching is like,he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.
8 there are many benefits,opponents (反对者) point out problems with the new requirement.First,they argue that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.Because service learning is time-consuming,students spend 9 time studying the core subjects.Second,they believe that forcing students to work without 10 goes against the law.By requiring service,the school takes away an individual’s freedom to choose.
In my view,service learning is a great way to 11 to the community,learn new skills,and explore different careers.However,I don’t believe you should force people to help others—the desire to help must come from the heart.I think the best 12 is one that gives students choices:a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service.Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility,and as young adults,we must learn to handle both wisely. 1.A.spend B.gain C.complete D.save 答案 C
解析此空要求选择一个谓语动词,而且其宾语是service learning,不是sixty hours。
sixty hours在句中作的是定语,根据搭配和句意可知此题应该选C项,意思是完成60 小时的服务性活动的学习。本题易误选A项,但spend作“花费”讲时,其宾语是表
示时间和金钱的名词,所以它是错误的。
2.A.Subjects B.Ideas C.Procedures D.Examples 答案 D
解析根据下文include后的内容可知此处应该选examples。subjects科目;主题;
ideas
主意,想法;procedures程序,步骤,均不合题意。
3.A.With B.Before C.During D.After 答案 C
解析在活动期间学生要写日志,然后再写报告。所以此处用during,意为“在……期间”。
4.A.courses B.benefits C.challenges
D.features
答案 B
解析从上下文可以看出此处说的是支持者认为此项活动有许多“益处”。
5.A.beyond B.about C.over D.in 答案 A
解析最重要的好处是强迫学生不仅仅考虑自己,还要考虑他人的需要。beyond their own interests意为“超越他们自己的利益”。
6.A.possess B.apply C.include D.develop 答案 C
解析下文紧接着举了三个例子,所以此空用include,其词义是“包括”。
7.A.through B.across C.of D.on 答案 A
解析through意为“通过……”,符合句意。
8.A.So B.Thus C.Since D.While 答案 D
解析因为下文提到的是反对者的观点,所以用while虽然,然而,引导让步状语从句。9.A.much B.full C.less D.more 答案 C
解析service learning占用了时间所以学习时间就减少了。故此处用less。10.A.cost B.pay C.care D.praise 答案 B
解析根据常识可知此处应该选pay。句意为:第二,他们认为强迫学生工作而不付给报酬是违反法律的。
11.A.contribute B.appeal C.attend D.belong 答案 A
解析从下文可知作者首先承认了这项活动对社区的贡献,所以此处用contribute。12.A.decision B.purpose C.solution D.result 答案 C
解析从下文可知这是一个解决问题的方法,所以用solution。decision决定,决心;
purpose目的,意图;result结果。
3
There is an English saying:Laughter is the best medicine.Until recently,few people took the saying 1 .Now,however,doctors have begun to look into laughter and the 2 it has on the human body.They have found that laughter really can 3
people’s health.
Tests were 4 to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films
5 doctors checked their heart beat,blood pressure,breathing and muscles.It was found that laughter has similar effects to
6 exercise.It increases blood pressure,the heart beat and breathing;it also
7 several groups of muscles in the face,the stomach,and even the feet.If laughter exercises the body,it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laugher appears to be able to 8 the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.The group that 9 the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both 10 and pain.
As a result of these discoveries,some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics,in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by 11 them to laugh.They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing,making them smile is enough to produce 12 effects similar to those caused by laughter.
1.A.seriously B.truly C.sincerely D.commonly 答案 A
解析考查语境理解。依据下文可知,这里表示很少有人去认真地看待这个谚语。2.A.harm B.strength C.effect D.good 答案 C
解析考查固定搭配。“it has on the human body”为省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
have an effect on意为“对……有影响”,固定搭配。effect在此处作宾语从句的先行词。
故答案选C。
3.A.help B.improve C.increase D.damage 答案 B
解析考查句意理解。由句意可知,答案选B。improve意为“改善,提高”。此处意为“笑的确能改善人们的健康”。其他选项均不符合语境。
4.A.carried away B.carried off C.carried out D.carried over
答案 C
解析考查动词短语辨析。此处表示(医生)进行测试来观察笑对人体的作用。carry away
运走;carry off赢得,获得;carry out执行,实施;carry over延期。故答案选C。5.A.if B.but C.while D.since 答案 C
解析考查句意理解。while表示“当……的时候”,符合句意。
6.A.mental B.physical C.practical
D.critical
答案 B
解析考查语境理解。从下文可知,笑具有同体育锻炼相似的效果。故答案选B。7.A.works B.runs C.relaxes
D.operates
答案 A
解析考查语境理解。此处work意为“使工作”,强调“锻炼”,与上文意思一致。8.A.reduce B.put C.reproduce D.conduct 答案 A
解析考查语境理解。由下文的“can reduce pain”可知,答案选A。此处表示笑似乎能减轻身体的疼痛。
9.A.refused B.suffered C.accepted D.tolerated 答案 D
解析考查语境理解。从下文内容可知,此处选D。tolerate“忍受,忍耐”。
10.A.pleasure B.stress C.happiness
D.concentration
答案 B
解析考查语境理解。句中stress与pain并列,保持语意的一致性。
11.A.encouraging B.allowing C.permitting D.forbidding 答案 A
解析考查语境理解。依据上下文可知,此处意为“通过鼓励病人笑来改善他们的健康状况”。故答案选A。
12.A.different B.beneficial C.effective D.harmful 答案 B
解析考查上下文暗示。此处选beneficial,与第二段末“it must be beneficial”相呼应。
高考英语完形填空综合解析 要提高完形填空的解题能力,首先应该综合全面地了解完形填空。要了解完形填空,我们需要回答五个问题。第一个问题:什么是完形填空?第二个问题:完形填空的特点是什么?第三个问题:学生存在的问题是什么?第四个问题:如何解完形填空?第五个问题:平时如何训练?只有解决了这五个问题,才能有的放矢地对完形填空进行教学和研究。 一、什么是完形填空? 完形填空又称综合填空,其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。简单说完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白,造成信息链的中断,让考生在理解短文的基础上,综合运用所学知识和常识,对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断,从中选出正确答案或最佳答案,使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明,文意畅达,逻辑严密。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等,则空格为功能性空格;如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词,则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看,完形填空以语义空格为主,语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型:词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项,难度是逐渐上升的。 二、完形填空的特点是什么? 1. 完形填空的题型特点 近几年来的完形填空题,有以下几个特点: ⑴短文难度基本稳定,与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 ⑵短文选材一般为故事性文章,极少采用其它题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙,有插叙或倒叙,有时还夹有描述和议论。 ⑶短文的第一句不设空格,提供给考生一个思路,以便考生做题。 ⑷考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺,极少是考语法,所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。 ⑸短文长度基本稳定,一般在250~300个单词左右。 2. 完形填空选项设置的几个特点 ⑴同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。所以平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。 ⑵固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词、典型句子结构的搭配。 ⑶常用语法。时态和语态、从句连词。 ⑷根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。 3. 近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向 ⑴阅读量逐年提高,阅读时间减少。 ⑵生词量有增无减。 ⑶长句增多,句式灵活,结构复杂。 ⑷题目设置上单纯语法考查减少,上下文联系考查力度加大,并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。 ⑸完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子,并且每篇文章都有一个主题。 三、学生存在的问题是什么? 有些考生虽然具有一定的基础,但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面:
高考英语完形填空考试解 题三大角度 完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下,德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”,强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年,美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论,首次提出完形填空这种题型,旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度,进而考查考生的语言能力。 作为选拔性考试,高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力,正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来,完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。
研究历年的各套高考完形填空题,可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点: 一、从所选文章的角度 体裁上,以叙为主,叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文,这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种,因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此,短文一般按照时间线索行文,内部逻辑清晰层次分明。 题材上,选用真实世界中的语言材料,考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力,对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注,并兼顾高考的公平性原则,不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。
难度上,基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上,完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。 二、从所挖空格的角度 首先,该题型所选短文一般无标题,但首句通常不设空,目的是让考生熟悉语言环境,迅速进入主题,对文章有宏观和整体性的把握,建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词,平均每14词挖一个空格,通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。 其次,挖去的词汇以实词为主,虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面,而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容,这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下,常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降,目前仅在3个空格左右。
专题2 完型填空 [2015·全国卷Ⅰ] My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ __41__ my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a __42__ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old no ticed him and made a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand __44__ in the cold wind. In the store, I asked each of my kids to __45__ something they thought our “friend” there would __46__. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a __47__. I thought about it. We were __48__ on each ourselves, but…well, sometimes __49__ from our need instead of our abundance is __50__ what we need to do! All the kids __51__ something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of __52__, he lit up and thanked us with __53__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for __54__his family might need, he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful __55__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __56__! Things would have played out so __57__ if I had simply said, “No, we really don't have __58__ to give more.” Steppin g out not only helped a brother in __59__, it also gave my kids the __60__ taste of helping others. It'll go a long way with them. 41. A.Lost B.Changed C.Quit D.Finished 42. A.condition B.place C.sight D.show 43. A.suggestion B.comment C.decision D.call 44. A.outside B.proudly C.by D.angrily 45. A.draw B.say C.arrange D.pick 46. A.order B.supply C.appreciate D.discover 47. A.dollar B.job C.hot meal D.gift card 48. A.easy B.low C.soft D.loose 49. A.giving B.saving C.spending D.begging 50. A.yet B.even C.still D.just 51. A.declared B.shared C.ignored D.expected
高考完形填空专项训练步步高 抓好三方面●跨好三大步●做好三结合 ------谈完形填空解题技巧中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题,概括起来有以下三方面: 1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意,并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断,导致理解上出现偏差,甚至和文章的中心相悻。 2.容易受定势思维的影响,对文意分析不透,忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理,以至做题时处于应付状态,做题能力得不到提高。 那么,怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢?我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧:抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合,明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面,跨好三大步,做好三结合。 一、通读短文抓主旨 一般情况下,完形填空短文都不给标题,不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格,这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口,而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔,所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示,克服不良心理的影响,满怀信心,全神贯注,目光越过空格,注意能体现文章大意的关键词句,尽力从整体上理解短文大意,这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空,势必无法从整体上把握全文概要,无法形成连贯的思路,只见树木不见森林,理解偏离文章的中心,造成顾,此失彼的错误,甚至影响做题速度。 抓住了文章的主旨大意后,我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断,往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强,容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。 二、精读短文析文意 在基本抓住文章的主旨后,应逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项,对特定的语境做深人的理解,克服“定势思维”,根据全文大意和词不离句,句不离文的原则,逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题,而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意,理解到位,我们应做到以下几点: 1.从上下文的角度考虑,注意其内在联系。就题论题,断章取义,忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示,找准突破口,确保文意畅通。 2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑,准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多,必须结合上下文把握文意,研读
2019全国卷1高考英语完形填空答案详细解析 【预览部分】 【完形填空答案与详细解析】 【主旨大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要介绍乞力马扎罗山的垃圾污染问题以及当地管理机构努力治理之后环境的改观。本文就游客对乞力马扎罗山自然环境的破坏展开论述,对山体环境进行介绍,意在引起人们对于自然环境的重视。 41. D。考查动词词义辨析。译文:每年有40,000人到非洲最高的山脉乞力马扎罗山(Kilimanjaro)旅游,他们带来了许多废品垃圾。解答此题根本不用费什么心思,读完第一、第二句马上就明白:此题是因果逻辑推断题,即第一句是原因,第41空句是结果。根据前文Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.可知每年都有很多人去游览乞力马扎罗山,由此可推测该空是说游客将垃圾废物随身带到了山上。keep with意为“把……与……放一起”;mix with意为“(使)与……混合/结合”;connect with意为“与……连接”;bring sth. with sb. 意为“某人随身带来……”;故只有选项D切题。故选D。 42.C。考查名词词义辨析。译文:拥挤的人群破坏了美丽的乞力马扎罗山。此题仍然属于因果关系推断题。根据上一句Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.可知,每年有大约四万人游览乞力马扎罗山,所以此处是指游客所造成的破坏,由此推断出本题答案是crowds(拥挤的人群)。A. stories故事;B. buildings建筑物;C. crowds人群;D. reporters记者。故选C。 【正文】 第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分) 第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place —other destinations are described as “purer” natural
高考英语完形填空解题技巧 高考英语完形填空解题技巧 (一)利用句首信息,推测语篇主旨 完形填空所选短文的第一句常为主题句,一般不设空。把握了主题句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 例: As a general rule ,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they areperformed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact ,we can see this 41____atwork in people of all42 ages (2014课标I) 41. A. principle B. habit C. way. D. power 解析:本文首句为主题句,根据首句中的a general rule (一般规则)可知本空答案为principle. (二)寻找提示信息,重现语境意义 完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解,所以考生在做题时要有全局观念,进行连贯性思维,要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解,进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有提示,这种提示多为后面提示前面。 一般来说,完型填空的四个选项形式完全相同,如都是动词原形,都是副词,都是名词复数形式等,所以要注意他们在意义上和搭配上的细微差别,形义兼顾。同时,一定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分,判别,从而选出正确答案。 例: It runs in the 53_____.Michael’s father always helped thepoor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the54
2014高考英语完形填空二轮专题训练精品题(1)及答案 【2014高考英语福建省联考试卷】 完形填空(共20小题;每小题 1.5分,满分30分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 What is it that you love to do but never feel that you get it quite right? Perhaps you don't even try any more because you think what you do is not 36 enough.Discouragement seems to follow us a good part of the time, 37 however hard we work, it seems that there is 38 someone else who can do it much better. I have always enjoyed music and it is 39 to me that every musician has a 40 of their own.My father _ 41 several instruments and when he played with other people, it was not difficult to 42 his sound in a group.Whether it was guitar or another instrument, he had his own 43 sound. I 44 heard of a music teacher who commented to a discouraged student, " 45 else can make the sound that you make." The sound that you make may not be the same as someone else's, but who is to say which is 46 .It is said that, " 47 is in the eye of the beholder .” . Perhaps it could be said that a delightful sound is in the ear of the 48 . Every person has a different tone of voice that 49 only to them, 50 we all know people with an unforgettable laugh or a way of 51 that is unique to them.It might not be the sound of your music or your voice at all.It 52 be the way you whistle or the sound of your footsteps. Each person has a(an) 53 on the world in some w ay.Someone e lse can do what you do, but they cannot do it 54 in the same way that you do it.The next time you feel 55 , remember nobody else can make the sound that you make.36.A.easy B.good C.simple D.hard 37.A.because B.although C.when D.if 38.A.seldom B.always C.never D.sometimes 39.A.satisfying B.convincing C.inspiring D.interesting
2011全国卷 第二节完形填空20,J、题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) 阅读下面的短文,从短文后个体所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出也已填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。 In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 course about 20 years ago. The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆),and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 Answer, and went on saying, ”You have just 41 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 42 your own senses.” Twenty years later, the 43 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknowns world invisible(无形的) to the 46 , which can be discovered only through scientific 47 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world .And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 . The professor, however, said that it was 52 . He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代). “I remember feeling small and 54 .”The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course the afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”36.A.art B.history C. science D. math 37.A.searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into 38.A.count B. guess C. report D. watch 39.A.warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to 40.A.ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult 41.A.learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken 42.A.lose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken 43.A.lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman 44.A.described B. respected C. saw D. served 45.A.voyage B. movement C. change D. rush 46.A.professor B.eye C.knowledge D.light 47.A.model B.senses C.spirit D.methods 48.A.hear B. make C.present D.refuse 49.A.suggesting B.beginning C.pretending D.waiting 50.A.believed B.doubted C.proved D.explained 51.A.growth B.strength C.faith D.truth 52.A.firm B. interesting C.wrong D.acceptable 53.A.task B.tool C.success D.action 54.A.cruel B.proud C.frightened D.brave 55.A.dropped B.started C.passed D.missed - 1 - / 2
山西长治县2016高考英语二轮完形填空训练(1)及参考答案 完形填空 【2014·蚌埠市高三第三次教学质量检查考试】 Some years ago when I was in my second year in university,I heard Salome Bey sing for the first time.The moment was exciting.Salome’s __1__filled the room and brought the theater to life.I was so__2__that I decided to write an article about her. I__3__Salome Bey,telling her I was from Essence magazine,and that I wanted to meet her to talk about her career.She__4__and told me to come to her studio next Tuesday.When I hung up,I was scared out of my mind.I__5__I was lying.I was not a writer at all and hadn’t even written a grocery list. I interviewed Salome Bey the next Tuesday.I sat there__6__,taking notes and asking questions that all began with,“Can you tell me...” I soon realized that__7__Salome Bey was one thing,but writing a story for a national magazine was just impossible.The__8__was almost unbearable (不可 容忍的).I struggled for days __9__draft after draft.Finally I put my manuscript (手稿) into a large envelope and dropped it into a mailbox. It didn’t take long.My manuscript__10__.How stupid of me!I thought.How could I__11__in a world of professional writers?Knowing I couldn’t __12__the rejection letter,I threw the unopened envelope into a drawer. Five years later,I was moving to California.While__13__my apartment,I came across the unopened envelope.This time I opened it and __14__the editor’s letter in disbelief:Dear Ms Profit, Your story on Salome Bey is fantastic.Yet we need some __15__ materials.Please add those and return the article immediately.We would like to__16__your story soon. Shocked,it took me a long time to__17__.Fear of rejection cost me dearly.I lost at least five hundred dollars and having my article appear in a major magazine.More importantly,I lost years of__18__writing.Today,I have become a full-time writer.Looking back on this__19__,I learned a very important lesson:You can’t__20__to doubt yourself. 1.A.joy B.voice C.speech D.smile 2.A.moved B.active C.satisfied D.proud 3.A.visited B.emailed C.interviewed D.phoned 4.A.agreed B.refused
完形填空考纲要求 考查根据上下文理解语篇意义的能力。 二、完型填空解题步骤总结 三、解题步骤分析 1、浏览全文,抓准主旨 考生在答题时,不要急于看选项、找答案,应先通篇浏览短文,掌握文中时间、地点、人物及事件发展的脉络情节。只有抓住了文章的主旨大意后,考生围绕大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断,往往会收到事半功倍的效果。抓住了主旨,一些干扰性强,容易使人犯想当然错误的选项也就会迎刃而解。 注意:要充分利用首句的标示作用 第一句往往是全篇的关键句,首句一般不设空,它有概括和预示全文大意的作用,是据以判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口,常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。(when, where, who, what, how…)。 注意:要注意尾句的提示和总结作用。 2、细读全文,透析文意
⑴.看清上下文,找准定位词 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。 注意上下文的内在联系,是做好完型填空的保证,而断章取义,就题论题,忽视前后文的信息提示是学生常犯的错误。信息提示有时出现在前文,有时出现在后文,有时出现在本空所在的句子,学生需要在做题时边读边思考,边读边储存信息,边读边注意前后联系,这也是第一遍通览全文的主要作用。 ⑵通顺逻辑,寻求搭配 注意固定的搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如: ⑶牢固掌握重点单词词组词意、用法及语法知识 ⑷看清执行者,确定所选词 ⑸根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 有时,选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语,它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解,如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。 常见的承接语有for one thing…for another…等连接词表示列举;First…and then, First…Next…Then…Finally…用来按次序描述时间发生的过程;anyhow, still, though, although…表示让步关系;therefore, so表结果;because, since, due to, owing to…表原因,等等。 3、全面验证,理清逻辑 考生在选项填完后,一定要通读短文,从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致,上下文衔接是否合理;另外,连词、副词也是完形填空常考的词,考生选择后要特别注意上下文的语气、语态,避免出现逻辑混乱。 四.案例分析:根据逻辑关系解完形填空 表示转折关系 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten.
2016广西崇左县高考英语完形填空二轮练习(1)答案 2016高考完形填空。 阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A man who loved to hunt bought two fine setters(特猎犬)that he later trained to be fine bird dogs.He kept them in a large, fenced pen(围栏)in his backyard. One morning he 41 a little bulldog(牛头犬)corning down the path behind his home. It saw the two dogs and squeezed under the 42 . The man thought he should perhaps lock up the setters so they wouldn't 43 the 1ittle lovely dog. But then he changed his mind .Maybe they would teach that bulldog a1esson, he said to himself. As he predicted,44 began to fly,and all of it was the bulldog’s fur. The intruder(入侵者)soon had 45 and squeezed back under the fence to get away. To the man's__46 the visitor returned again the next morning. And like the day before, it soon 47 and squeezed out of the pen and get away. The incident was 48 ,the following day,with the same result. The man left home early the next morning on a business trip and49 after several weeks.He asked his wife what finally 50 to the bulldog. ‘‘You won't 51 it.’’She replied,“At the same time every day that little dog came to the backyard and 52 with our setters and with the same ending,it got away.1t 53 missed a day! It has come to the 54 now that when our setters simply 55 it snorting (喷鼻息)down the path,they start whining and run down into the basement.56 the 1ittle bulldog struts(大摇大摆地走)around our backyard 57 he owns it.” Dale Carnegie made this 58 :“Most of the 59 things in the world have been 60 by people who have kept on trying when there seemed to be no hope at all." 41. A.kept B.noticed C.prevented D.risked 42. A.door B.wall C.fence D.backyard 43. A .catch B. eat C hurt D beat 44. A dogs B flies C dust D fur 45.A enough B much C lessons D wounds
高考完形填空解题技巧 (I) 完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一,占20分。题型特征是:一篇短文中间留20 个空格,每个空格给出4个选项,要求从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。由于这种题型既考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力,又考查他们对短文的阅读和理解能力。这种题型综合性较强,因而难度较大。总的来说,完形填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来,是从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。因此,本文我就考试出题的三个方向、考试题型和具体解题技巧做了详细阐述: 一、考试出题的大致方向是: 1、词汇:某些词义的识别,同义词辨析。英语习惯用法的熟悉程度。 2、语法结构:语法规则的实际应用。 3、语篇句意:从语篇角度,即上下文和情景语境综合测试考生的阅读理解能力 4. 逻辑推理和生活常识 二、考试题型: (一)词汇题: 单纯地考单词或短语的释义: 1.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety ____. (‘99) A. comes off B. turns up C. pays off D. holds up 答案:C. 词汇辨析题: 主要是指同义词、近义词的辨析,这类题较难。 2.They are needed for ____ food into energy and body maintenance. (‘96) A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming 答案:D. 固定短语搭配题: 3.With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ____ of flyingsintosspace and returning many times. (‘92) A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit 答案:A. (二)语法题: 语法结构题,主要是考结构词:代词、介词和从句连接词。 4.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. (’94) A. that B. it C. so D. this答案:B. (三)语篇题: 文章的上下文决定所缺处所选择的词.这一考点要求学生根据文章的整体内容进行理解,根据层次结构和内容的逻辑关系,去选择符合文章情节的答案,这也叫情景意义的选择. 5.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96) A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile
完形填空题型突破 完形填空二是2010年湖南高考英语科出现的新题型,为主观性填空题。题目要求考生在没有单词和汉语提示的前提下,根据上下文语境填写一个最恰当的单词。该主观填空题的目的就是要革除传统英语考试的弊端,增加主观性,减少客观性,消除投机心理,加大对考生思维推断能力和语言运用能力的考查力度,实现英语语言教学从被动记忆型主导向主动应用型、本质挖掘型主导的跃升。该题型主要考查考生在语境中灵活运用语言的能力及推理判断能力。单词的拼写能力和词形变换能力也是一个很重要的考查方向。 一、完形填空二的题型特点 1.考查语境,侧重运用。该题型的最大特点是把语言真正放在语境中去考查,这是符合语言学习客观规律的。该题型把对考生的要求提高到能自然地、自发地、积极地运用语言知识去表达的水平。这种方式可以真正了解考生的语言运用能力,体现了命题者从能力立意向素质立意转变的理念。 2.题材多样,语篇完整。新题型的选材会呈现多样化的趋势,但可能会侧重于议论文和说明文,这一点与前面部分的客观选择题会有所不同。文章选材贴近考生生活,内容完整,现实意义明显,结构严谨,层次分明,便于考生推理判断。材料难度不会太大。词数在150~180之间,平均设空间隔一般为17个词左右。 3.实虚并重,侧重习语。该题型既考查实词,如名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等,也考查虚词,如冠词、介词和连词。冠词主要考查它的基本用法和习惯用法。介词主要考查考生对固定搭配和短语的掌握情况。连词主要考查考生的思维逻辑判断能力。 4.意义为主,形式为辅。命题体现了“意义为主,形式为辅”的考查原则。在重点考查词义的基础上,也会考查考生对词形变化的掌握情况。如动词的第三人称单数,动词的动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式,名词的单复数形式,形容词和副词的比较等级等。 二、完形填空二的解题步骤 1.通读全文,把握语篇。把握短文大意,目的是为下一步“填空”作好“语义”上的准备,因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的单词以及采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中,为较好地把握其大意,有必要弄请该文的体裁、题材、写作主线、段落大意等。这有利于考生真正读懂全文大意,也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。 2.先易后难,尝试填空。主观题填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的语义和正确的语法形式的思维过程,要坚持从易到难的原则。根据考生的英语知识积累和语感,有些答案不需要过多的思考就能一眼看出来。如固定搭配、习惯用语、常用句式等。遇到一时想不起来的空,也不要花太多的时间停留在上面。填出容易的词语后,大意更趋明朗,语境更加清晰,有助于难题的推敲和判断。 3.利用语境,推敲语义。要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系,进行多角度、全方位分析,以便准确地判断所缺词的意义。推敲语义时,不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词,具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下等的特殊功能。 4.复读全文,确认答案。进行复查是必要的。复查时要解决两个问题:第一是从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文,看看所填单词在语义上是否正确,是否为最佳答案,是否能使文意上下连贯、前后照应,逻辑顺畅,能否自然地融入语篇;第二是从语法的角度审视全文,确保所填