Is English or Mandarin the language of the future
Is English or Mandarin the language of the future?
By Jennifer Pak BBC News, Kuala Lumpur
English has been the dominant global language for a century, but is it the language of the future? If Mandarin Chinese is to challenge English globally, then it first has to conquer its own backyard, South East Asia.
In Malaysia's southernmost city of Johor Bahru, the desire to speak good English has driven(驱使) some children to make a remarkable two-hour journey to school every day.
Nine-year-old Aw Yee Han hops on a yellow mini van at 04:30. His passport is tucked inside a small pouch hung around his neck.
This makes it easier for him to show it to immigration officials(移民官)when he reaches the Malaysian border.
His school is located on the other side, in Singapore, where unlike in Malaysia, English is the main language. It's not your typical school run, but his mother, Shirley Chua thinks it's worth it.
"Science and maths are all written in English so it's essential for my son to be fluent in the language," she says.
An estimated 15,000 students from southern Johor state make the same bus journey across the border every day. It may seem like a drastic measure(极端措施), but some parents don't trust the education system in Malaysia - they worry that the value of English is declining in the country.
Since independence from the British in 1957, the country has phased out schools that teach in English. By the early 1980s, most students were learning in the national language of Malay.
As a result, analysts say Malaysian graduates became less employable in the IT sector.
"We've seen a drastic reduction in the standard of English in our country, not just among the students but I think among the teachers as well," says political commentator Ong Kian Ming.
Those who believe that English is important for their children's future either send their kids to expensive private schools or to Singapore, where the government has been credited as(被誉为) being far-sighted for adopting the language of its former colonial master.
Nearly three-quarters of the population in Singapore are ethnic Chinese but English is one of the national languages and very widely-spoken.
Many believe that this has helped the city state earn the title of being the easiest place to do business, by the World Bank.
However, the dominance of English is now being challenged by the rise of China in Singapore.
The Singapore Chinese Chamber Institute of Business has added Chinese classes for business use in recent years.
Students are being taught in Mandarin rather than the Hokkien dialect(方言) spoken by the older Chinese immigrants.
These courses have proved popular, ever since the government began providing subsidies(补助金)for Singaporeans to learn Chinese in 2009 during the global financial crisis.
"The government pushed to provide them with an opportunity to upgrade themselves so as to prepare themselves for the economic upturn," says chamber spokesperson Alwyn Chia.
Some businesses are already desperate for Chinese speakers.
Lee Han Shih, who runs a multimedia company, says English is becoming less important to him financially because he is taking western clients to do business in China.
"So obviously you need to learn English but you also need to know Chinese," says Mr Lee.
As China's economic power grows, Mr Lee believes that Mandarin will overtake English. In fact, he has already been seeing hints of this.
"The decline of the English language probably follows the decline of the US dollar.
"If the renminbi is becoming the next reserve currency then you have to learn Chinese."
More and more, he says, places like Brazil and China are doing business in the renminbi, not the US dollar, so there is less of a need to use English.
Bilingualism
Indeed, China's clout is growing in South East Asia, becoming the region's top trading partner.
But to say that Mandarin will rival(超越) English is "a bit of a stretch", says Manoj V ohra, Asia director at the Economist Intelligence Unit.
Even companies in China, who prefer to operate in Chinese, are looking for managers who speak both Mandarin and English if they want to expand abroad, he says.
"They tend to act as their bridges."
So the future of English is not a question of whether it will be overtaken by Mandarin, but whether it will co-exist with Chinese, says V ohra.
He believes bilingualism will triumph in South East Asia.
It is a sound(合理的) economic argument, but in Vietnam's case, there is resistance to learning Mandarin.
The country may share a border with China, but the Vietnamese government's choice to not emphasise Mandarin is an emotional one, says leading economist Le Dang Doanh.
"All the streets in Vietnam are named according to generals and emperors that have been fighting against the Chinese invasion for 2000 years," he says.
Tensions flared up again last May over the disputed waters of the South China Sea.
Anti-Chinese sentiment means that young Vietnamese are choosing to embrace English - the language of a defeated enemy. Many families still bear the psychological scars from the Vietnam War with the United States.
Yet there is no animosity towards English because the founding father of Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, made a clear distinction between the so-called American imperialists who were bombarding(轰炸) Vietnam and the American people, says Le Dang Doanh.
Many Vietnamese who have lost family members during the war are now studying in America, he says.
"We never forget any victim in the past but in order to industrialise(工业化) and normalise(正常化) a country, Vietnam needs to speak English."
The Vietnamese government has an ambitious goal to ensure all young people leaving school by 2020 will have a good grasp of the English language.
But it's not hard for young Vietnamese to accept English. For some, the language offers a sense of freedom in Vietnam, where the one-party communist state retains a tight grip on all media.
In a public square in central Hanoi, a group of young men are break-dancing to the pulsing beats of western hip hop. Ngoc Tu, 20, says he only listens to English music.
"The Ministry of Culture has banned a lot of Vietnamese songs and any cultural publications that refer to freedom or rebellion but... English songs are not censored(审查)."
It is debatable whether English or Mandarin will dominate in South East Asia in the future. There are arguments for both on the economic front.
But culturally, there is no dispute.
Even Mandarin language enthusiasts like Singaporean businessman Mr Lee, says that English will remain popular so long as(只要) Hollywood exists.
The success of movies such as Kung Fu Panda, an American production about a Chinese animal, has caused a lot of anxiety in China, he says.
There have been many cartoons in China about pandas before, but none had reached commercial success, says Mr Lee.
"The moment Kung Fu Panda hit the cinemas everybody watched it. They bought the merchandise(商品) and they learned English."
英语阅读系列·有趣的字母
英语阅读系列·有趣的字母
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A biscuit can be a bear. 一块饼干可以是小熊。 A biscuit can be a butterfly. 一块饼干可以是蝴蝶。 But…If birds are nearby…但是…..如果小鸟恰好在旁边的话…… The biscuits can only be birds.饼干就只是小鸟啦。 Lesson 3 Cool Cat 酷猫卡里 Cary is a cool cat. 卡里是只酷酷的小猫。 Cary can cut carrots like this. 卡里能像这样切胡萝卜。 Cary can climb a coconut tree like this. 卡里能像这样爬树。 Cary can clean a crocodile like this. 卡里能像这样清理鳄鱼。 Cary can catch flies like this. 卡里能像这样抓苍蝇。 Can Cary color like this? 卡里能像这样涂色吗？ Yes! Cary is a cool cat. 是的！卡里是只酷酷的小猫。 Lesson 4 Dancing Dad 爸爸爱跳舞
英语各种词性的用法
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英语作文常用短语整理
英语作文常用短语汇总by accident 偶然 on account of 因为，由于，为了…的缘故 in addition 另外，加之 in addition to 除…之外(还) in the air 流传中 on (the / an) average 通常，按平均值 on the basis of 根据，在…的基础上 at best 充其量，至多 for the better 好转，向好的方向发展 on board 在船(车或飞机)上 out of breath 喘不过气来 on business 因公，因事 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in case of 假如，如果发生;防备 in case 假使，以防(万一) in no case 决不，无论如何不 by chance 偶然，碰巧 in charge (of) 负责，管理 (a) round the clock 日夜不停地 in common 共用的，共有的 in conclusion 最后，总之 on condition (that) 如果 in confidence 私下地，秘密地 in connection with 关于，与…有关 in consequence 因此，结果 in consequence of 由于…的缘故，因为 on the contrary 正相反 in contrast with/to 与…对比起来，与…形成对比 out of control 失去控制 under control 处于控制之下 at all costs 不惜任何代价，无论如何 at the cost of以…为代价 in the course of 在…过程中，在…期间 of course 当然，自然 in danger 在危险中，垂危 out of danger 脱离危险 out of date 过时的，不用的 up to date 现代化的，切合目前情况的 in demand 非常需要的，受欢迎的
一年级攀登英语一级A教学计划
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英语词性的分类及用法
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精心整理英语作文常用的高级词汇
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高考英语作文套路
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英语中各种词性的意义及用法
英语中各种词性的意义及用法 1、名词，Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称的词，按意义分类 ①专有名词 表示具体的人，事物，地点，团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。例：China(中国)、Asia(亚洲)、the People’s Republic Of China(中华人民共和国)。 专有名词如果是含有名词短语，则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城)。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如：the Greens(格林一家人)。 ②普通名词 表示某些人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如： box, pen,tree,apple按是否可数分类 名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns) ①不可数名词 不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表 示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词 a / an。抽象名词，物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 ②可数名词 可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西，因此它有复数形式。 2、代词，Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词的词，大多数代词具有名词和形 容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代 词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 如：We, this, them, myself 3、动词，Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态的词，如：Jump,sing,visit，它又分为及物动 词和不及物动词两大类： ①及物动词：字典里词后标有transitive verb（vt.）的就是及物动词。及物动词后 一般必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。必须加宾语意思才完整的动词，就是及物动词。 ②不及物动词：不及物动词是不需要受词的动词。字典里词后标有intransitive verb （vi.）的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾 语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of ,at等后方可跟上宾语。 ③系动词：联系动词或称不完全不及物动词，虽有意义，但不完全，需要加名词、形 容词、代名词等作主词补语以补足其意义。常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有： look （看起来，看上去）， feel （感觉）， taste （尝起来）， smell （闻起来），get （变得），turn（变），become（成为，变得），sound （听起来）等。 例如： The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气 变暖和了，树变绿了。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 The soup taste nice. 这汤尝上去很好吃。
英语作文常用短语
Fail to do sth. 没能做… Enable sb. to do sth. 使能做… Make sb. unable to do sth. 使不能做… Help do sth. 有助于做…,帮助做… Facilitate sth. Lack sth. 缺乏…动词短语 A lack of sth. 缺乏…名词短语 A shortage of sth.缺乏…名词短语 Run out of sth.用完… Exhaust sth.耗尽（资源） Confronted with sth. Be confronted with sth. 面临…; 面对…. Faced with sth. Be faced with sth.面临…; 面对…. In the face of面临…; 面对…. In the long run 长远来看 Long-term benefit 长期利益 Short-sighted 只顾眼前利益的，目光短浅的 Make remarkable achievement 做出杰出成就remarkable 可换Make outstanding contribution 做出杰出的贡献 Achieve something Achieve nothing 一事无成 Achieve success 取得成功 Achieve our goal达到目标
Hit our goal 达到目标 Contribute to our success 有助于我们的成功 Contribute to the development of society 对社会的发展作出贡献Enrich our experience/life 丰富我们的经历/生活 Add color/variety to our college life 为我们的大学生活增添色彩/多样性 Broaden our horizon开拓视野 Widen our scope of knowledge 拓宽知识面 Fierce/severe competition 激烈的竞争 Sharpen our competitive edge 增加我们的竞争优势 Take advantage of /make full use of 利用 Lay a solid foundation for 为…打下坚实的基础 Develop our interest发展兴趣 Offer the chance/opportunity to do sth.提供机会做… Offer help 提供帮助offer courses 开课 Afford sth. 支付得起时间金钱等 Afford to do sth. Pursue a better life追求更好的生活 Pursue one’s study求学 Enhance/improve/increase your ability 增强你的能力 Enhance/strengthen the relationship 改善/加强关系 Boost
高中英语作文万能模式：英语书信类作文写作模板
高中英语作文万能模式：英语书信类作文写 作模板 书信： 【高分套路】 但凡应试书信，逃不出三种段落： 开头段：四大内容 1、问候； 2、自我介绍； 3、写信背景；为什么会写这封信 4、写信目的；写这封信想达到什么目的 中间段：具体问题+具体分析； 结尾段：客套话； 口诀： 开门见山说意图 咨询建议123 不同内容可分段 感谢客气不可少 期待回信成老套 【经典套话】 （一）开头段：灵活地去写四种内容：
1、问候； How are you doing? How is everything going? How is life treating you? 2、自我介绍； I am LiHua, a 17-year-old boy currently studying in XXX middle school. I am LiHua, who... 【李华同志的个人简历】 由于我们在考场上的身份几乎年年都是李华，因此我们在这里有必要了解一下李华同志的一些个人情况。当然，这位同志的个人情况是可以有我们自己人为设置的。为了给阅卷老师留下一个好印象，我们将李华同志的个人简历概括为：一个人见人爱的好孩子。 hardworking diligent help my parents to do housework take part in CCTV national English speech competition won the second prize in CCTV national English speech competition vice monitor
vice chairman of the students’union worked as a volunteer for the Olympic Games worked as a volunteer for the 21st century have many foreign friends and often chat with them happily in starbark. 3、写信背景（写信的缘由） I heard that ... My teacher told me... I am informed that... I learned that...我得知... I read in your newspaper/ micro-blog /website that... You said in your last letter that... 4、写信目的； Now, I am writing to do sth. Now, I am writing this letter to do sth. Now, I am writing these few lines to do sth. 【七种最常见书信的“写信目的”部分的最佳写法】 自荐信： Now, I am writing to apply for the job/position. 感谢信: Now, I am writing to show/ express my heartfelt gratitude to you.
英语作文常用动词
英语作文常用动词锦集 1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 2损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster 5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve 11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 13 要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition 14 消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 15 导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
大学英语作文套路
（一）My View／Opinions／Ideas．．．on．．．题型套路1： (Lead-in sentence… ) People's view／opinions／ideas．．．on．．．vary from person to person．Some people think that．．．they hold this opinion because．．． However，others hold that．．．,because… As to me, I am in favor of the f irst/second idea(I think those who think that…are right/neither of the two ideas is right)．The following are the reasons for my choice(personal inclination)．First(Firstly/First of all), … , Second(Secondly/Besides)，．．．,… /(because…) Therefore／In a word／From the above analysis/Admittedly,．．． My View on Donating Blood Nowadays, we often talk about donating blood. People's ideas about donating blood vary from person to person．Some people think th at it is glorious to donate blood．They hold this opinion because those who are in urgent need of blood can be saved．However，others hold that it is foolish for people to donate blood．In their opinion，blood is very precious and losing 200ml or more may do harm to their health． As to me I am in favor of the first idea．The following are the reasons for my choice．First，while it is true that the loss of too much blood is dangerous to one's health，it does not mean that donating a little blood is also harmful．On the contrary，doctors say that donating a little blood can promote metabolism．Second，there are many people who need our help．If my little donation of blood can pull back somebody on the way to death，will there be anything that can make me happier？ In a word，donating blood is glorious．套路2： (Lead-in sentence… ) Different people have different views on ．．．It is held that．．．But it is also held that．．． Those who hold the first opinion…, because… .In contrast，those who hold the second view．．．,because… As to me，I agree with the former( latter )opinion(view, idea),because… . My View on Friendship Friendship is very important to all of us. It is wealth. Different people have different views on friendship．It is held that a friend in need is a friend indeed．But it is also held that friendship means understanding each other． Those who hold the first opinion often ask their friends for help when necessary．They regard those who help them as friends but regard those who don't help them as mere acquaintances．In contrast，those who hold the second view believe that they have no right to ask their friends to do everything for them，especially those things that might be inconvenient for their friends． As to me，I agree with the latter opinion．Admittedly，friends should help each other，but this is not to say that friends must agree to offer help in any circumstances．If we want to keep our friendship，we should cherish it but not use it．What's more，it should be understood that with the modern pace of living most people are busy．They may not have time to lend their friends a hand on short notice．In a word，understanding is preferable to need．
英语词性的分类及用法
英语词性的分类及用法 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。 1 名词noun n. student 学生 2 代词pronoun pron. you 你 3 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词numeral num. three 三 7 冠词article art. a 一个8 介词preposition prep. at 在... 9 连词conjunction conj. and 和10 感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。 名词(表示人或物名称的词) ?名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词. ?专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China, the United States,等。 ?普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。(普 通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词) ?普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如:family ?(以上两类属于可数名词) 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如:air 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work ?(以上两类属于不可数名词) 代词(代替名词的词) ?代词可以分为下列九类： ? 1. 人称代词：They are my school mates. ? 2. 物主代词：Our friends have great concern for each other. ? 3. 反身代词：Take good care of yourselves. ? 4. 相互代词：We should help each other. ? 5. 指示代词：Who are these people? ? 6. 疑问代词：What are you doing? ?7. 关系代词：She married Tony Harper, who is a student too. ?8. 连接代词：Do you know who did it? ?9. 不定代词：Do you know anything about it? ? ?代词是非常活跃的词，特别是不定代词，比较复杂，我们要熟练掌握。 形容词(修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词) ?形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度 副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot ,good ,wonderful等. 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也 不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid, alone 等.
英语作文常用高级词汇
（冒号前面的是我们习惯想到的词，考试中尽量少用！一定要用后面的词去替换前面）We, everyone: any reasonable/sensitive soul/mind, talented minds, elite minds, versatile minds, personality, figures, celebrity, idiots, philosophic minds, genius More and more: increasingly, Big: enormous, tremendous, gigantic, titanic, astronomical, vast, boundless, Very: extremely, overwhelmingly, undeniably, remarkably, voluminously, excessively, exceedingly, tangibly, impressively, shockingly, Famous: renowned, celebrated, accomplished, distinguished, prominent, eminent, outstanding, preeminent, Good: spectacular, amazing, unbelievable, incredible, magnificent, adorable, fantastic, fascinating, admirable, respectable, cherishable, adorable, awesome, terrific, majestic, Bad: nightmarish, disgusting, despicable, monstrous, appalling, abhorring, repelling, repulsive, Important: significant, essential, basic, fundamental, indispensable, crucial, critical, decisive, determinant, dominant, predominant, infallible, Say, Believe，think: suppose, hold, claim, maintain, presume, assume, contend, argue, declare, I am convinced, conclude, Improve, better: further, promote, enhance, reinforce, strengthen, consolidate, cement, nurture, relieve, recover, Everyone knows: it’s a truth universally acknowledged t hat, It can never be denied, it is undeniable that，It goes without saying that，It is self evident that，It is highly advisably, imperative, remarkable that，It comforts one to know that… ◆常见替代词汇解释 1. accelerate: 后面接名词，表示“加速”，中性词，好事坏事都能用。 2. adequate: “足够的”，用来替代经常被使用的enough。 3. advance: 名词，“进步，发展”，用来替代文章开头经常使用的development，progress。 4. advisable / sensible / rational: “合理的”，都可以替代reasonable。 5. cannot afford to: “不应当做”，不是我们说的“负担不起”。 6. be alert to something: “对…保持警惕”，后面接消极概念。 7. alternative: “其他的选择或办法”，比如an alternative is that… 相当于in addition（除此之外）。 8. applicable / feasible / workable: 都表示“可行的”，用在政策、法令、手段等词前面做修饰语，既可增加字长，又可以提高词汇水平。 9. approach / channel: “方法，手段”，用来替代我们经常使用的一些简单词汇，如method 等。 10. approve of something: “批准，同意”，注意不要忘记介词of。 11. attach importance to something: 表示“重视，强调”，替代pay attention to。