2020年北京市东城区高考英语一模试卷解析版

高考英语一模试卷

题号I II III IV V总分

得分

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

The Perfect Sleep Chair is designed to be the most comfortable recliner chair．Whether you are sitting upright，relaxing in your favorite TV viewing position，or lying completely flat for sleeping，it's like being on a cloud．A cloud that has built-in heat and massage settings to match your own personal comfort level．It even has a battery backup in case of a power cut．

With Perfect Sleep Chair，there's a perfect position for everybody，even those that prefer to lie flat but want the additional support that most mattresses（垫子）don't provide．At the touch of a button，the Perfect Sleep Chair gently lifts you to an almost standing position so you can get back on your feet with ease．Some owners use this feature daily，while others use it when recovering from an illness．

Time and time again，our customers tell us they are tired of having to replace their recliners due to quality issues．We hear you! That is why the Perfect Sleep Chair is handmade in the USA using quality hardwoods and only the highest quality upholster（垫衬物）．Each chair is carefully crafted by workers and not just a bunch of robots．Every chair structure is guaranteed for life and the electronic components are generously warranted for three years．Simply put，it's the highest quality chair on the market-but it doesn't end there…

When you purchase the Perfect Sleep Chair，you'll get your choice of cloth and colors!

You'll also receive White Glove Delivery．Professionals will carry the chair to the exact spot in your home where you want it，unpack it，inspect it，test it，position it，and even take the packaging away!

To ensure that your product and purchase process is of the highest quality，our customer service team is here to answer any question，five days a week，from 9 a．m．to 8 p．m．Please call us at 800-958-8324．

1.According to the advertisement，Perfect Sleep Chair ______ ．（事实信息）

A. helps detect illnesses

B. supports various body positions

C. comes with an additional mattress

D. adjusts its temperature accordingly

2.What is the key feature of Perfect Sleep Chair introduced in Paragraph 3？（推理判断）

______

A. It is safe．

B. It is lasting．

C. It is portable．

D. It is comfortable．

3.What service can customers receive？______

A. Home delivery．

B. Free replacement．

C. A 24-hour hotline．

D. A money-back guarantee．

B

In the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools，wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another．The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox．

"Let's go! We can make it back to the river we crossed today!" Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind．But Brady barked a sharp warning．Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track．They would never make it through that．The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke，and yet Steve was uneasy．It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river．

Suddenly，Zach cried．"Zach!" Steve shouted．"Are you OK？Where are you？" Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope（坡）．At its base，Zach was rubbing his ankle．As Steve helped his friend to his feet，Brady lifted his head and snuffed（嗅）the

smoke-laden wind．Next moment，the dog bounded away and disappeared．The boys shouted for him，but he didn't come back．Steve couldn't blame Brady for panicking．He himself wanted to run even though he didn't have a clue which way．

Steve and Zach hadn't gone far when there was a familiar bark，and Brady came bounding，stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head，pushing him back toward the slope they'd just climbed．But Steve didn't get it．Then Brady grabbed the boy's jeans and started pulling．The message was clear，but Steve hesitated．Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle's life when the dog was much younger．Was he still sharp enough to get them through this？

Nearby，a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke．Brady pulled again，urgently．"OK，big guy，" Steve gritted（咬紧牙关）．Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees．Not far from them fire was touching underbrush．Several times the big dog stopped．Often he changed directions．Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest，but Brady wouldn't have it．The dog bullied both boys to go on．How long they'd walked Steve had no idea．He was almost numb when he heard it-the wonderful sound of rushing water!

4.What happened to Steve and Zach at first？______

A. They got injured．

B. They lost their dog．

C. They were trapped．

D. They became separated．

5.Brady ran away to ______ ．

A. seek help

B. find a way out

C. rescue Zach

D. escape for life

6.How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans？______

A. Uneasy．

B. Impatient．

C. Numb．

D. Uncertain．

7.The passage basically describes ______ ．

A. an adventure

B. an exploration

C. an escape game

D. a training program

C

Most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator．In the ocean，that holds true for cold-blooded predators（掠食者）．But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots．Why？

John Grady，an ecologist，and his team considered the possibility-warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism（新陈代谢）．Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish？But they found that at higher，colder places，there isn't actually much more food around．It's more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors．

The real explanation is simple．An animal's speed，swiftness，and intelligence depend on its metabolism，which in turn depends on its temperature．Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions，they remain fast and attentive．By contrast，the fish they hunt become slower and duller．At some tipping point of temperature，seals，dolphins，and penguins start outswimming their prey（猎物）．They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own．

In Grady's words，"Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow，stupid and cold．" That's why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator，but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals．By keeping food to themselves in the poles，these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey，which makes them more likely to split into separate species．The killer whales of the North Pacific，for example，include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating，year-round residents．

But the world is changing．It's likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by 2 to 3℃within this century．Grady's team estimates that every time the ocean's surface warms by 1℃，populations of sea mammals will fall by 12%，and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%．

But "predictions are hard，" Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes．"Polar bears are losers of a warming world，but some populations are still doing well．Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations；others are hunting in deeper，colder waters．These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates ．Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow，stupid and cold．"

8.Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles？______

A. Because there is more food．

B. Because there are fewer enemies．

C. Because they are faster and wiser．

D. Because they consume less energy．

9.The author mentions the killer whales to show ______ ．

A. the benefit of biological evolution

B. food preference of different sea mammals

C. the distinction of specific types of predators

D. the advantage of constant body temperature

10.What is Donna Hauser's attitude towards the future of the sea mammals？______

A. Positive．

B. Negative．

C. Neutral．

D. Sceptical．

11.Which is the best title for the passage？______

A. Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators？

B. How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey？

C. Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold？

D. Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded？

D

Last fall，I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy course．The demands of his major，he said seriously，meant he needed to take "practical" courses，and "enlightenment" would simply have to wait．For now，employability was the most important．

The students' conversation fits into a larger alarming narrative about the role of the humanities in higher education．In a time of dizzying technological achievement and of rapid scientific innovation，sceptics of the humanities may question the usefulness of studying Aristotle，the Italian Renaissance or Chinese fiction．

Actually，I regret not interrupting that student to argue for taking that introductory philosophy course．I would have started by reminding him that，for much of America's history，college graduates were not considered truly educated unless they had mastered philosophy，literature，political theory and history．The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice．Fostering engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university's function in society．

I would have also mentioned to the student that he was misinformed about the job market．It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills，but they also look for other capabilities．As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence，machine learning and automation，the unique human qualities of creativity，imagination and moral reasoning will be the ultimate coin of the realm．All these skills are developed in humanities courses．

Further，I would have argued that while a degree anchored in the sciences is an important precondition for many jobs，it is not the only route．Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn，Slack and Flickr，who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities，and who credit that training for their success．

Contrary to the widely held belief that humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs，recent studies show that those with humanities degrees are successful in the workplace，experiencing low rates of unemployment and reporting high levels of job satisfaction．The ratio between average median（中位数）incomes for humanities degree holders and those with business，engineering，and health and medical sciences degrees has been shown to narrow over the course of a career．

The case for the humanities can also be understood in less transactional terms and more as a foundational preparation for a life well lived．A humanities education plays a vital role in encouraging citizens to lead an examined life．It fosters critical thinking，self-reflection，empathy and tolerance，the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life's challenges．

By all means，students should take courses they think practical and follow their interests，but if they also make a point of studying the literature of the Renaissance，or researching into modern poetry，or even taking introductory philosophy，we will all benefit．

12.What do the students' conversation show？______

A. Students feel employment difficult．

B. Students think philosophy less important．

C. Students find scientific innovation amazing．

D. Students consider university courses unsatisfying．

13.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean？______

A. Highly valued．

B. Equally applied．

C. Strictly assessed．

D. Greatly improved．

14.The author may agree that humanities ______ ．

A. discover students' artistic ability

B. prepare students for graduation

C. raise awareness of social status

D. provide great insights into life

15.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage？______

A.

B.

C.

D. I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Sub-point（

次要点）C：Conclusion

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

Are You a Prisoner of Perfection？Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach？(1) Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can't achieve the unachievable ？Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck．

Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism．We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality，flash our intelligence，and perfect our humour，then no one can hurt us with criticism and we'll win respect and approval．

(2) Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame．They fear that showing vulnerability（弱点）will expose them to the accusation that they're weak．They stick to a desire to be right，perfect，and polished，even when it's obvious that the emperor has no clothes．Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future．We're constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better．(3) However，if we can't relax and enjoy lighter moments，then we become prisoners of our perfectionism．We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously．Sadly，we deprive（剥夺）ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves．

(4) We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn't mean that we are a failure．Without failures，we'll never learn from our mistakes；we'll never move forward in our lives．Those who succeed have made countless mistakes．The important thing is to learn from our error，forgive ourselves and move on．

Being human，perfection is impossible．(5) Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image，we're freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures-and enjoy our precious life．

A．Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize？

B．A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings．

C．Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself？

D．The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect．E．There's nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way．F．People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated，even if they seem outgoing and popular．

G．By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best，we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism．

16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）

During my second year in high school，I got sick and missed a few days．When I(21)，I was greeted with two essays due，three days of math and history homework，plus several tests．(22)I went home from school that day exhausted，I had to stay up really late to finish them all．

The next day at school，I got a rude awakening：I'd totally forgotten to prepare for

the(23)on Romeo and Juliet，which I'd take(24)my lunch hour! Worse still，I had (25)the in-class discussion and all the notes．When lunch came，I went to the English room to face my certain doom（厄运）．All I could do was try to (26)on the questions I didn't know．As it turned out，I didn't know the majority of the questions．I was just about to give(27) when my pencil accidentally fell and broke．Standing by the blackboard sharpening my pencil，I(28)down and there in full view lay the answer sheet for the test! What good fortune!

I can kiss good-bye to all my (29)of failing the test! My heart started beating，and my brain

(30)，Yes! Read over the answers-quickly! This was quickly followed by another voice，No! You'll get caught! My mind turning back and forth，Yes! No! Yes! No! …This went on for ten of the(31)seconds in my entire life．

Finally，I decided to finish the test on my own，without (32)! I was satisfied with my decision but pretty(33)I had failed the test．

The next day when I walked into the English room，my great joy of having been an(34) soul changed into a wave of doom as I saw my test paper lying face down on my desk．I knew what awaited me．I stared at it a few seconds before I got up the(35)to turn it over．

You can only imagine my (36)when I learned that I had passed the test! I have never in my whole life been so happy to see my(37)，a C-．

My mom says the victories that (38)the most courage are won within．Now I know (39)what she means．Now not only can my conscience（良心）rest easy，but I don't have to worry about getting caught and meeting a sad(40) like Romeo and Juliet．

21. A. arrived B. returned C. appeared D. finished

22. A. If B. Because C. Until D. Although

23. A. lecture B. essay C. play D. test

24. A. by B. upon C. over D. toward

25. A. missed B. carried C. lost D. dropped

26. A. depend B. agree C. guess D. improve

27. A. in B. off C. out D. away

28. A. wrote B. settled C. calmed D. looked

29. A. boredom B. worries C. loneliness D. tiredness

30. A. whispered B. warned C. persuaded D. chanted

31. A. coldest B. saddest C. longest D. fastest

32. A. suffering B. checking C. cheating D. thinking

33. A. certain B. regretful C. annoyed D. relieved

34. A. open B. honest C. optimistic D. energetic

35. A. wisdom B. encouragement C. intention D. nerve

36. A. anxiety B. shock C. fear D. appreciation

37. A. paper B. credit C. rate D. grade

38. A. take B. put C. find D. gain

39. A. gradually B. exactly C. willingly D. seemingly

40. A. film B. fact C. ending D. love

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

41. A Tons of waste is being left on Mount Qomolangma by a（1）______（grow）

number of visitors， which bothers many people． A team will deal with the task（2）______ the climbing season ends this May， by which time there will be fewer visitors． Garbage（3）______（collect）

on Qomolangma requires two to three years of training， according to Cering Dandar，

a mountaineer and guide．

B Food is one of the most basic and important daily needs．

It gives us the strength and energy we need （4）______（work） and play．

Food also plays a role in our social interactions． Whether we （5）______（celebrate ） important occasions or just relaxing with friends，

eating is an important social pastime． It is also an important part of our culture．（6）______a particular people like to eat can tell us a lot （7）

______ a country's geography， history and traditions．

C Going to museums has become a trendy thing to do during the holidays in China．

A popular choice this Spring Festival was the Palace Museum，（8）

______ a special exhibition was staged to provide a virtual royal experience for visitors ． The entire museum（9）______（decorate）

with newly-restored ancient royal lanterns and spring couplets，

including a set of the Chinese character "Fu" （10）______（write）

by five Qing Dynasty emperors．

五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）

42.假设你是红星中学学生李华．你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想了解北京

近几年发生了怎样的变化．请给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1．变化；

2．原因；

3．感受．

注意：1．词数不少于50；

2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．

Dear Jim，

Yours，

Li Hua

43.假设你是红星中学学生李华．你和同学在寒假期间去医院参加了志愿者活动，请按

照以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊英语角写一篇英文稿件，介绍此次经历．

注意：词数不少于60．

提示词：自助挂号机 self-service registration machine

答案和解析

1.【答案】略

【解析】B32．B33．A

4.【答案】略

【解析】D35．B 36．D 37．A

8.【答案】略

【解析】C39．D 40．A 41．C

12.【答案】略

【解析】B 43．A 44．D 45．D

16.【答案】略

【解析】A 47．D 48．E 49．B 50．G

21.【答案】略

【解析】B12．D13．D14．C15．A

=16．C 17．A18．D19．B20．A

=21．C22．C23．A24．B25．D

=26．B27．D28．A29．B30．C

41.【答案】略

【解析】growing2． when/after 3． collection4． to work5． are celebrating

=6． What7． about 8． where 9． was decorated 10． written

42.【答案】Possible version

Dear Jim，

I'm very glad to know that you are interested in the changes in Beijing．

Let me tell you some of the developments during the past few years．

I have witnessed many great changes in my city．

The most impressive one is the rapid development of transportation． In the past，

people travelled mainly by bus． Nowadays， with more and more subway lines built，

it is much faster and more convenient for people to go almost everywhere． Additionally， the spread of public bikes helps people travel any distance more easily．

All these couldn't have happened without the measures taken by the government and applicat ions of new technology．

I enjoy these conveniences every day and feel proud of my city．

I am confident that Beijing will become more liveable in the future．

Just come and have a look yourself!

Yours，

Li Hua

【解析】略

43.【答案】One possible version

Last winter vacation， my classmates and I worked as volunteers in a hospital．

On our first morning， a doctor gave us a lecture， informing us of our roles as volunteers． It was the first time for me to know the daily routines in a hospital．

The next morning， fully prepared， we went to different posts and started our job．

Together with my classmates，

I assisted some patients when they didn't know how to use the self-service registration machi ne． For senior citizens， we helped them register to save them the trouble．

Besides， I showed people the way to different consulting rooms． For those elderly patients ， we accompanied them all the way until it was their appointment time．

They really appreciated our help．

Later I shared my picture in the hospital on WeChat Moments． In no time，

I received lots of likes from my friends．

Some even expressed their great interest in the voluntary work． Actually，

I had the most amazing experience doing very simple things for others．

【解析】略

上海市2020年高考英语一模试卷

第一学期高三年级期终调研测试 英语试卷 （完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 140分） 第I卷（共100分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a cosmetics shop. B. In a hospital. C. In a nutrition department. D. In a supermarket. 2. A. Boss and secretary. B. Editor and publisher. C. Student and professor. D. Writer and reader. 3. A. Open a wedding company. B. Try a new restaurant. C. Run his own bakery. D. Buy some insurance. 4. A. The package is too big to deliver. B. The delivery can be made automatically. C. The woman will have lunch with the man. D. The man can make the delivery tomorrow morning. 5. A. He was most difficult to satisfy. B. He set many special requirements. C. He inspected the project regularly. D. He was as common as other customers. 6. A. An amazing book. B. A great woman. C. A scientific field. D. A strong voice. 7. A. He himself is a big fan of Hepburn. B. He does not think the girl is like Hepburn. C. H e felt puzzled by girls’ love for Hepburn. D. He does not know anything about Hepburn. 8. A. When to do mind-wandering. B. Where to have physical activities. C. How to keep attentive in a lecture. D. How to take notes in a lecture. 9. A. Ordinary. B. Practical. C. Disturbing. D. Unrealistic. 10. A. Decorating the company. B. Finishing a painting. C. Preparing a presentation. D. Restructuring the budget. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. 2. B. 11. C. 21. D. 30. 12. A. A horse. B. A dog. C. A pig. D. A cat. 13. A. More annoyed. B. Less anxious. C. More frightened. D. Less shocked. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

2019朝阳区高三一模有答案(数学理)

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