简明英国文学史
简明英国文学史
A Brief History of English Literature
Part I Old and Middle English Periods (450-1066)
Chapter 1
Old English Period and Beowulf
Historical situation
Britons, a branch of Celts, came to the Isles in BC400 to BC300, at the early stage of the Iron Age
Julius Caesar of the Roman Empire defeated the Celts and ruled there from BC55 to AD 407
The Roman Empire declined, the Teutonic or Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes moved to live in the British Isles in about AD450
They drove the Celts to Wales, Scotland and Ireland, the English language has gradually changed, Old Anglo-Saxon.
8 to 11 Century, Danes from Scandinavia came to the Isles Norman Conquest 1066, it influenced the evolution of the English language, life style and culture.
Religion
Christianity
Part II English Renaissance and Shakespeare (1485-1616)
Chapter 3
The English Renaissance Literature
?Historical situation
from feudal society to capitalism;
industry and commerce; ―sheep devouring men‖
Tudor Reign: Religious Reformation,
King Henry VIII (1509-1547), Protestantism
Queen Elizabeh (1558-1603)
moderate policies to keep balance between the rising middle class and the feudal lords, the Protestants and the Catholics.
a powerful country, set up English colonies overseas.
?Humanism and the Renaissance in England
Renaissance: revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time
In England
a strong interest in ancient Greek and Rome art and science;
Humanism: concerned about the welfare of human beings and believed that human happiness in this life was more important that what people were supposed to.
religious reformation of the church ;
praised man and man’s pursuit of happiness.
?Chief Literary Achievement of the Period
1. translating classical Italian and French works;
2. poetry
― a nest of singing birds;‖
sonnet became the most popular poetic form;
Thomas Wyatt
3. Drama and Theatre Performance
Marlowe; Ben Jonson and Shakespeare
London , the centre of drama performance
II. Ten Renaissance Writers
?Thomas More：Utopia
?Edmund Spenser：The Faerie Queene
?Philip Sidney
?University Wits:
John Lyly: Euphues -- Euphuism
Thomas Nashe, Robert Greene
?Francis Bacon
essays
?Christopher Marlowe
blank verse: the major vehicle of expression in drama
?Ben Jonson
drama; prose work
Chapter 4
William Shakespeare
?The life
Stratford-on-Avon, 1564
?Literary career and productions
37 plays
154 sonnets
Shakespeare’s major works
?History plays
get material from the English history and from the history of ancient Rome Julius Caesar
Henry IV, Part I and Part II
Richard II
Henry V
Henry VI, Part I , Part II , Part III
?Comedies
A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream;
As You Like It;
The Twelfth Night;
The Merchant of Venice
?Tragedies
Hamlet;
King Lear
Macbeth
Othello
?Tragic-comedies
The Winter’s Tale
The Tempest
Sonnets
?Sonnet 73
?Sonnet 18
?Sonnet 130
My Mistress’ Eyes
My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun
Coral is far more red than her lips’ red,
If snow be white, why then her breasts arte dun,
If hairs be wires, black wires grow upon her head.
I have seen roses damasked, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks,
And in some perfumes is there more delight,
Than in the breath that from my mistress’ reeks.
I love to hear her speak: yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound,
I grant I never saw a goddess go,
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground. And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare,
As any she belied with false compare.
Part III
The Seventeenth Century (1616-1688) Chapter 5
The Bourgeois Revolution and Milton
1. History of the 17th century:
a.King Charles I--Long Parliament
b.the civil war (1642-1649):
army of the Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell;
Bourgeois Revolution of England (Puritan Revolution);
Puritans;
King Charles II—James II—
―glorious Revolution‖（光荣革命）
constitutional monarchy(君主立宪制）
2. Chief Literary Achievements
?The Bible ( The Old Testament and the New Testament)
fountain heads of the Western Civilisation: The bible, Greek and Roman mythology and philosophy;
Hebrew—Greek—Latin
English version: ―The King James Bible‖ (47 scholars, 7 years)
?Poetry
a.―Metaphysical Poets‖（玄学派）—John Donne, Andrew Marvell, George Herbert
b.Cavalier Poets (骑士诗人）
c. Epics（史诗）by John Milton
?Prose
political pamphlets and essays;
non-political matters
?Drama(Restoration period)
comedies combined with the French taste with witty language;
light, often coarse themes;
emphasis on the wit of the characters
they are criticised as decadent.
?Dryden and Bunyan
Dryden: man of letters
Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress
II. John Milton
?Paradise Lost （失乐园）
?Paradise Regained （复乐园）
?Samson Agonistes (力士生孙）
Chapter 6
The Metaphysical Poets and the Restoration Drama
?Metaphysical Poets (John Donne, Andrew Marvell, George Herbert)
―Death Be not Proud‖
― The Flea‖
― A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning‖
(理解诗歌：240）
John Donne
Death be not proud, though some have called thee
Mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so,
For, those, whom thou think'st, thou dost overthrow,
Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill me；
From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be,
Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow,
And soonest our best men with thee do go,
Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery.
Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men,
And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell,
And poppy, or charms can make us sleep as well,
And better than thy stroak；why swell'st thou then？
One short sleep past, we wake eternally,
And death shall be no more；Death, thou shalt die.
Chapter 7
Dryden and Bunyan
?John Bunyan
The Pilgrim’s Progress
Part IV
The Eighteenth Century
(1688-1780)
Chapter 8
The Age of Classicism
?Historical Situation
science and technology:
Steam engine—Industrial Revolution;
political economics;
Enlightenment Movement;
religion: Deism, more individual,
?Literary Achievements (In the first half of the 18th century):
The Age of Classicism (or Neoclassicism)
- Alexander Pope ( heroic couplet)
- Swift ( master of satire)
they admire and follow the styles of ancient poets in Roman Empire of Augustus in a metaphorical manner.; they worshipped reasons, so also called the Age of Reason
II. Chief Representatives
?Alexander Pope
An Essay on Criticism
The Rape of the Lock
?Jonathan Swift
―A Modest Proposal‖
Gulliver’s Travels
Lilliput;
Brobdingnag;
Laputa(flying island)
Houyhnhnms (horsese), yahoo.
?Joseph Addison
?Richard Steele
The Spectator
?Samuel Johnson (a journalist, a biographer, a literary critic) The Dictionary
Chapter 9
The Rise of the Novel
?Background About the Rise of the Novel
science and technology developed;
printing;
reading makes the flourish of a book market;
women’s reading even writing
II. Major Novelists
?1. Daniel Defoe
Robinson Crusoe
( a sailor, 28 years in an isolated island)
Moll Flanders
Roxana
?2. Samuel Richardson
Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (letter novel)
Clarissa, or The History of a Young Lady
?3. Henry Fielding
Joseph Andrews
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
?4. Laurence Sterne
Tristram Shandy
A Sentimental Journey
Chaoter 10
The Pre-Romantic Literature
?Background
growth of cities, the bourgeois class, the book market
From reason to passion;
literature in the second half century shifted from paying attention to human fates and social problems to searching the meaning of life and death, from exploring human nature, philosophy of human congnition to experiencing and praising nature.
Pre-Romantic Poetry
?Graveyard Poets
Thomas Parnell, Edward Young, Robert Blair
Thomas Gray (Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard)
wrote melancholy poems, often with the poet meditating on human mortality problems at night or in a graveyard.
?Robert Burns, the Sctottish Bard
?William Blake
Songs of Innocence
Songs of Experience
?The Gothic Novelists
The Castle of Otranto –Horace Walpole
The Monk –Matthew Gregory Lewis
The Mysteries of Udolpho —Ann Radcliffe
Part V
The Romantic Period (1780-1830)
Chapter 11
Wordsworth and Coleridge
?Historical background
Industrial Revolution, working class,
the Luddites’ movement –frame-breakers, breaking looms and machines, ignorant of the real cause for their sufferings;
relationship with Ireland, Scotland and her colonies in North American became critical.
American Revolution and the French Revolution; democracy, equality and freedom, social reform
?Literary Achievements
1) Poetry
Wordsworh, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats
Lake Poets: Wordswoth, Coleridge, Southey
2) Novel
Walter Scott, Jane Austen
?Romanticism or Romantic Movement is a literary movement in Britain and the European Continent between 1770 and 1848.
its keynote is ―intensity(strong emotion)‖, its watchword is ―imagination‖
?The English Romantic Movement was marked by the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798.
?Features of English Romanticism:
simplicity (content and language);
love of nature( respect nature’s force, feelings with nature);
subjectivity (individual emotion recollected in tranquility);
spontaneity (―the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings‖)
subject: supernatural, mysterious, stange and splendid, remote time and place;
tone:melancholy
II. The Romantic Sage
William Wordsworh
?Lyrical Ballads, a joint work of Wordsworth and Coleridge
?Poems in search for self-definition in relation with nature
―I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud‖; ―My Heart Leaps up When I Behold‖; ―Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abby‖
?Poems of Solitary
―The Solitary Reaper‖
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
by Wordsworth
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of Golden daffodils:
Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;
A poet could not but be gay;
In such a jocund company;
I gazed – and gazed – but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.
The Solitary Reaper
by Wordsworth
Behold her, single in the field,
Yon solitary Highland Lass!
Reaping and singing by herself，
Stop here, or gently pass!
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! for the Vale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.
No Nightingale did ever chaunt
More welcome notes to weary bands
Of travelers in some shady haunt,
Among Arabian sands:
A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard
In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest Hebrides.
Will no one tell me what she sings?—Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow
For old, unhappy, far-off things,
And battles long ago:
Or is it some more humble lay,
Familiar matter of to-day?
Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,
That has been, and may be again?
Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang
As if her song could have no ending;
I saw her singing at her work,
And o'er the sickle bending;——
I listen'd, motionless and still;
And, as I mounted up the hill,
The music in my heart I bore,
Long after it was heard no more. Composed upon Westminster Bridge by Wordsworh
P.181
III. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Poet and Critic ―The Rime of the Ancient Mariner‖
( a strange, supernatural sea tale in the form of a ballad)
― Kubla Khan‖
Chapter 12
Byron, Shelley and Keats
?Byron and the Byronic Hero
major works:
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage
Don Juan
What is a Byronic Hero?(P.189)
?Shelley
major works:
Queen Mab ( first long poem)
―Song to the Men of England‖
―Ode to the West Wind‖
―To a Skylark‖
Prometheus Unbound (lyrical drama)
?John Keats, the Poet of Beauty
―Ode to a Nightingale‖
―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖
―To Autumn‖
― Ode to Psyche‖
― On Melancholy‖
Chapter 13
Walter Scott and Jane Austen
?Walter Scott, Romantic Writer of Historical Themes
major works:
Ivanhoe (historical romance)
Rob Roy ( a legendary hero of the Scottish people)
features:
combine historical facts with romantic adventures;
characters: type, superficial, lacking development and psychological depth;
colorful and exotic settings;
out-of-date mode of language
?Jane Austen, Novelist of Social Manners
major works:
Sense and Sensibility
Pride and Prejudice
Mansfield Park
Emma
Northanger Abby
Persuasion
Part VI
The Victorian Literature
(1830-1880)
Chapter 14
The Victorian Age
?What is Victorian? Why do we say that the Victorian Age was one of great
changes?
Queen Victoria (1837-1901)
great development in industry, trade, science and technology, overseas expansion;
social contradictions, national problems;
diversity intellectual; disputes and changes in religion
Major Literary Achievements
?Prose: Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Matthew Arnold
?Poets: Tennyson, Robert Browning, Matthew Arnold,
Raphaelite poets(combine Italian art with poetry):
Rossetti, William Morris, Swinburne
novelists: Charles Dickens, Thackeray,
George Eliot, the Bronte sister, Mrs Gaskell
Chapter 15
Victorian Novelists
?Charles Dickens
major works:
David Copperfield
Bleak House
A Tale of Two Cities
Great Expectations
Oliver Twist
?William Makepeace Thackeray
Vanity Fair
?Charlotte Bronte
Jane Eyre
?Emily Bronte
Wuthering Heights
?George Eliot
The Mill on the Floss
Chapter 16
Victorian Poets
?Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892)
Idylls of the King
(interest in myths and legends)
In Memoriam
(sense of loneliness and a loss of a dear friend)
Poet Laureate
?Robert Browning (1812-1889)
“My Last Duchess” (the dramatic monologue- strong with its great potential in characterisation and psychological probing)
The Ring and the Book( a long poem)
Part VII
Fine de siècle and Modernist Literature
(1880-1930)
Chapter 18
Fin de siècle
?Background
late 19th century , the apogee of British imperialism, ambitious and aggressive and a world power.
natural science: Darwin
social science: Marx
anthropology (science of man): Sigmund Freud, his research on anthropology has a great influence on the whole 20th-century English literature.
technology: electric light, radio, telephone, motor car, aeroplane, cinema(mass production and consumption of film industry) , the traditional art works, their un-reproducibility and uniqueness, gradually faded away
Chapter 19
Late Victorian to the First World War
?Fin de siècle
Aestheticism:
Oscar Wilde : indulge in wit, preferring artifice to reality, artistic decadence, ―art’s for art’s sake‖
The Picture of Dorian Gray (novel)
Lady Windermere’s Fan (comedy)
A Woman of No Importance (comedy)
The Importance of Being Earnest (comedy)
Wilde: Life and nature imitate art more than art imitates life and nature.
?Late Victorian Poetry
1. Rhymer’s Club:Swinburne, Ernest Dowson, form of overrefinement and artistry, spirit and theme is inspired by classic literature and the new poetry developed in France.
2. Gerard Manley Hopkins
The Victorian religious poetry found its most eloquent and radical expression in his poetry
?3. Thomas Hardy
?4. A.E. Housman
?5. Robert Bridges, John Masefield, Rudyard Kipling
?6.Georgian Poetry (casual and effortless beauty)
?7. Imagism: An intense aesthetic experience is bodied out through lean images and
sparse words. Ezra Pound
?
Novels of This Period
?1. Thomas Hardy
Jude the Obscure
Under the Greenwood Tree
Far from the Madding Crowd
The Mayor of Casterbridge
Tess of the D’Urbevilles
?2. Samuel Butler
Erewhon
The Way of All Flesh
?3. George Moore
?4. John Galsworthy
The Forsyte Saga: The Man of Property
?5. W. Somerset Maugham
Of Human Bondage
The Moon and Sixpence
?6. H.G. Wells (science romances)
The Time Machine
The War of the Worlds
?7. Rudyard Kipling
The Jungle Book
?8. E.M. Forster
A Passage to India
?9. Joseph Conrad
Lord Jim
Heart of Darkness
( features: inscrutable mysteries, point of view) ?10. Henry James
The Wings of Dove
The Golden Bowl
Drama
?George Bernard Shaw
Mrs. Warren’s Profession
Major Barbara
Pygmalion
My Fair Lady (film)
(problem plays)
Chapter 20
Modernist Literature
?Modernist Novel and Novelists
1. Virginia Woolf
Mrs. Dalloway
To the Lighthouse
A Room of One’s Own
(stream of consciousness of a person’s everyday existence, her concept of
―androgyny‖ gains tremendous popularity in late 20th-century feminist theory )
?2. D.H. Lawrence
The Rainbow
Women in Love
Sons and Lovers
Lady Chatterley’s Lover
women and sexual relationship
?3. James Joyce
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Dubliners (short stories)
Ulysses
Finnegans Wake
(epiphany, stream of consciousness)
Modernist Poetry
?1. Ezra Pound
Imagist Movement
?2. T.S. Eliot
The Waste Land
―The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock‖
( the only way of expressing emotion in art is by finding an ―objective equivalent.‖)
?3. William Butler Yeats
―The Second Coming‖
―Sailing to Byzantium‖
大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)
英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初） 相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（The New Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（Erewhon）一直延续到20世纪
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
最新简明英国文学史-简答题-重点
1. Analyse the themes and artistic features of Beowulf. themes : The main theme of Beowulf is heroism. This involves far more than physical courage. It also means that the warrior must fulfill his obligations to the group of which he is a key member. artistic features : The most noticeable artistic feature is alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of initial sounds, usually consonants, or consonant clusters. Alliteration is used off and on in modern poetry but it is an important device in Anglo-Saxon poetry. Another peculiar feature characteristic is the frequent use of kennings, to poetically present the meaning of one single word through a compound simile of two elements. Finally, the general mood and spirit of Anglo-Saxon epic poetry is both solemn and animated. 2. Comment on Chaucer’s achievements and contributions with examples from his works. Chaucer learned from both French and Latin poetry and then worked out a unique style for the English poetry. The realism and humanistic concerns demonstrated in his works looked forward to the coming English Renaissance. Because he uses the English of the London dialect to compose poetry, it becomes a literary language, which is a language rich and expressive enough to use for literary purposes. We call the English used and developed by Chaucer and his
英国文学史作品作者
Geoffrey Chaucer: the legend of good women 良妇传说the house of fame 名誉堂 the parliament of fowls 百鸟会Troilus and Cressie 特罗勒斯与克莱西 the Canterbury tales 坎特伯雷故事集 Thomas More Utopia Edmund Spenser the fairy queen William Shakespeare four great tragedies: Hamlet Othello king Lear Macbeth Four great comedies: the merchant of Venice a midsummer night’s dream twelfth night 第十二夜as you like it 皆大欢喜 Francis Bacon the advancement of learning 学术的进展the Novum Organum 求学之新器the De Augmentis 新工具essays 随笔Maxims of the Law 法律准则 Reading on the Stature of Uses 谈使用法则Of Studies 论读书 John Donne the flea 跳蚤 John Milton paradise lost 失乐园 John Bunyan the pilgrim’s progress 天路历程 John Dryden all for love an essay of dramatic poesy Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 Jonathan swift a tale of a tub 木桶的故事the battle of books 书战 a modest proposal 一个小小的建议Gulliver’s travels 格列佛游记 William Blake poetical sketches 诗歌札记songs of innocence 天真之歌 Songs of experience 经验之歌prophecies 预言the lamb the chimney sweeper The marriage of heaven and hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻 Robert burns a red red rose auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长 William Wordsworth lines composed a few miles above tinterm abbey 丁登寺 The prelude 序曲the excursion 漫游sonnets 十四行诗 I wandered lonely as a cloud composed upon Westminster bridge She dwelt among the untrodden ways 她在人迹罕至的路边 The solitary reaper 孤独的割麦女 Samuel Taylor Coleridge the rime of the ancient mariner 古舟子咏 Christabel 克里斯塔贝尔Kubla khan 忽必烈汗 George Gordon Byron childe Harold’s pilgrimage 恰尔德哈罗德游记Cain 该隐 Don Juan 唐璜she walks in beauty when a man hath no freedom to fight for at home Percy Bysshe Shelley queen Mab 麦布女王the Cenci 钦契Prometheus unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯ode to the west wind in defense of poetry 诗辩 John Keats on first looking into Champman’s homer 初读查普曼译荷马史诗 Endymion 恩底弥翁ode to a nightingale ode to a Grecian um 希腊古瓮颂 Lamia, Isabella, the eve of st. Agnes, and other poems 女妖、伊莎贝尔、圣爱尼节前夜及其他Jane Austen sense and sensibility 理智与情感pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见persuasion 劝导Emma 艾玛Mansfield park 曼斯菲尔德庄园Northanger abbey 诺桑觉寺 Charles Dickens sketches by boz 博兹札记Pickwick papers 匹克威克外传Oliver twist 奥利弗退斯特Nicholas nickleby 尼古拉斯尼克贝old curiosity shop 老古玩店 Bamaby rudge 巴纳比拉奇American notes 旅美札记martin chuzzlewit 马丁朱兹尔维特A Christmas carol 圣诞颂歌the chimes 钟声the cricked 炉边的蟋蟀dombey and son 董贝父子David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔bleak house 荒凉山庄hard times 艰难时世Little dorrit 小杜丽 a tale of two cities 双城记great expectations 远大前程
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学史
Charlotte Bronte 24 Charlotte’s works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life. In her mind, man’s life is composed of perpetual battle between sin and virtue, good and evil. Besides, she is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. On one hand, she presents a vivid realistic picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty, hypocrisy and other evils of the upper classes, and by showing the misery and suffering of the poor. On the other hand, her writings are marked throughout by an intensity of vision and of passion. Idylls of the King 53 Idyll is a short poem describing an incident of country life in terms of idealized innocence and contentment, or any such episode in a poem or prose work. The term is virtually synonymous with pastoral poem. The title of Tennyson’s Idylls of the King, a sequence of Arthurian romance, bears little relation to the usual meaning. The Ring and the Book 64 The publication of the Ring and the Book established Browning’s position as one of the greatest English poets. My Last Duchess 63 Dramatic monologue is a kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical character other than the poet speaks to a silent “ audience” of one or more persons. Such poems reveal not the poet’s own thoughts but the mind of the impersonated character, whose personality is revealed unwittingly. It is in Browning’s hands that this poetic form reaches its maturity and perfection. “ Pippa Passes”, “ My Last Duchess,”The Bishuop Orders His Tomb”, “ The Ring and the Book” What does Wordsworth’s poem “ the Solitary Reaper” tell us about Romanticist? 1To romanticists. Poetry i s an expression of an individual’s feelings and experiences no matter how fragmentary and momentary these feelings and experiences are. 2 Romanticists take delight only in sound effect, the theme of a work is not their concern. 3Romanticists are not patient people; they would leave before the revelation of the theme. 4 Poetry should present the apparent and tangible. 2. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron and Keats are the major poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as _______. A. the poetic romance B. the poetic movement C. the poetic revolution D. the poetic reformation 4. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except __________. the using of everyday language spoken by the common people the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings the humble and rustic life as subject matter elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【课后习题】(维多利亚时期小说家)【圣才出品】
第15章维多利亚时期小说家 1. Choose to discuss one of Dicken s’ novels. Key: A Tale of Two Cities is a novel telling about individual destinies in a gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution. The two cities referred in the title are Paris and London and the main characters shuttle between the two cities with the former as the center of all conflicts and dangers whereas the latter as the stronghold of safety and the final retreat of the victims of revolution. Unlike his other novels, this one adopts the basic tone of a romantic tale. This novel has always been well received mostly for its thrilling story and the dramatic depiction of characters. It is also good material for films and TV shows. In it we see clearly Dickens’ profound sympathy for the exploited and oppressed French peasant class and the persecuted Doctor Manette. Besides the horrible rape and killing and the kidnapping of the innocent doctor to bury his whole life in prison, Dickens’ strong accusation of the dissipated and cruel French aristocratic class is also shown in the famous e pisode of the marquis’ carriage dashing through the small town and running over a poor child. Without even stopping, he throws a handful of coins out of the carriage and then orders the carriage to dash ahead, leaving the poor father howling with the dead boy in his arms.
英国文学史资料汇编
I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学史及作品选读
英国文学史及作品选读 （模拟试题二） Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1．______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity.
简明英国文学史
简明英国文学史 A Brief History of English Literature Part I Old and Middle English Periods (450-1066) Chapter 1 Old English Period and Beowulf Historical situation Britons, a branch of Celts, came to the Isles in BC400 to BC300, at the early stage of the Iron Age Julius Caesar of the Roman Empire defeated the Celts and ruled there from BC55 to AD 407 The Roman Empire declined, the Teutonic or Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes moved to live in the British Isles in about AD450 They drove the Celts to Wales, Scotland and Ireland, the English language has gradually changed, Old Anglo-Saxon. 8 to 11 Century, Danes from Scandinavia came to the Isles Norman Conquest 1066, it influenced the evolution of the English language, life style and culture. Religion Christianity Part II English Renaissance and Shakespeare (1485-1616) Chapter 3 The English Renaissance Literature
英国文学史名词解释
1. Ballad(民谣) A ballad originally is a song intended as an accompaniment to a dance or a popular song. In the relatively recent sense, now most widely used, a ballad is a single, spirited poem in short stanzas, in which some popular story is graphically narrated. The ingredients of ballads usually include a refrain, stock descriptive phrases, and simple, terse dialogue. 2. Alliteration(头韵) It refers to a repeated initial consonant to successive words and it is the most striking feature in its poetic form. In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound. There are generally 4 accents in a line, three of which show alliteration, and it is the initial sound of the third accented syllable that normally determiners the alliteration. In old English verse, alliteration is not an unusual or expressive phenomenon but a regular recurring structural feature of the verse. 3. Sonnet (十四行诗) It is a poem of 14 lines (of 11 syllables in Italian and 10 in English), typically in rhymed iambic pentameter. Sonnets characteristically express a single theme or idea. The sonnet was introduced to England by Sir T. Wyatt and developed Henry Howard (Earl of Surrey) and was thereafter widely used notably in the sonnet sequences of Shakespeare, Sidney, and Spenser. 4. Tragedy(悲剧) The word is applied broadly to dramatic works in which events move to a fatal or disastrous conclusion. It is concerned with the harshness and apparent injustice of life. Often the hero falls from power and his eventual death leads to the downfall of others. The tragic action arouses feelings of awe in the audience. 5. Lyric(抒情诗) As a genre, it was the tradition of popular song flourishing in all the medieval literatures of Western Europe. In England lyric poems flourished in the Middle English period, and in the 16th century, heyday of humanism. This tradition was enriched by the direct imitation of ancient models. During the next 200 years the links between poetry and music was gradually broken, and the term “lyric” came to be applied to short poems expressive of a poet’s thoughts or feelings. 6. Epic(史诗) It is a poem that celebrates in the form of a continuous narrative the achievements of one or more heroic personages of history or tradition. Among the great epics of the world may be mentioned the Iliad, Odyssey, Aeneid, and Paradise Lost. 7. Renaissance(文艺复兴) The word “renaissance” means rebirth or revival. It is commonly applied to the movement or period of great flowering of art, architecture, politics, and the study of literature, usually seen as the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern worn world. It came about under the influence of Greek and Roman models. It began in Italy in the late 14th century, reached the highest development in the early 16th century, and spread to the rest of Europe in the 15th century and afterwards. Its emphasis was humanist: that is , on regarding the human figure and reason without a necessary relating of it to the superhuman.