构词法练习
The suffixes or endings of words –ment, -ation, -tion, -sion, and–ion are added to verbs to form nouns.
Now please write down the noun form of the following verbs.
attract impress compose congratulate explain depress
Keys：attraction impression composition congratulation explanation depression
The suffix -able can be added to verbs to form adjectives meaning ―able to be [verb]ed‖, ―worthy of being [verb]ed‖, or ―that ought to be [verb]ed‖.
Add -able to the following verbs to form adjectives, and notice that you have to change the form of some of the verbs before you add this suffix. Then use the adjectives to complete the following sentences.
desire favor consider accept drink a dvise remark prefer
1.It is __________ always to wear a safety belt when you are driving on a highway.
2. To do the job of the sales representative, it is __________ that you know something about medicine as well as about the market.
3. The bank will lend you money on very __________ terms as long as they are convinced that you will be able to return the money in good time.
4. The government has recently announced its new policy on environmental protection, but a ___________ number of people object that the government has acted too slowly.
5. Finland is a country of Northern Europe and is __________ for its large number of lakes.
6. Conventionally, a dark suit is __________ to a light-colored one for official occasions.
7. The quality of the water has very much improved in this region and now the water coming directly from a tap is perfectly __________.
8. After a one-week talk they have finally reached an agreement on this issue __________ to both parties.
The suffixes –er and–or can be added to verbs to form agent nouns---names of persons who perform the action of the verb. For example: sing singer ―one who sings (by teach profession)‖，teacher ―one who teaches (for a living)‖，silence silencer ―a device used to reduce noise‖
Sometimes a noun formed in this way means；an object instead of a person. For example: cook cooker ―a device used for cooking‖，silence silencer ―a device used to reduce noise‖
Now form nouns by adding –er or–or to the verbs below and then define them in English. Most of the nouns thus formed can be found in the reading passages of this unit. The first has been done for you.
1．settle → settler: one who settles (in a place)
2．mine →miner: a worker in a mine
3．garden → gardener: one who works in a garden, either for pay or as a hobby
4. direct →director: a person who directs (a department, a film, etc.)
5. observe →observer: a person who obs erves or watches carefully
6. plan → planner: a person who plans ( a city, etc)
7.contain →container: anything which contains sth., e.g. a box, a bottle, etc.
8.conduct → conductor: a person who conducts (a tour group, on a bus, etc.)
The suffix -ous can be added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of having much, full of or causing. For example: fame → famous ―having much fame‖, joy → joyous ―full of joy‖
The suffix al can also be added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of For example:
cu lture → cultural: ―of a culture‖, tradition → traditional: ―of tradition‖
Now form adjectives by adding –ous or –al to the nouns given below. Make changes in spelling where necessary. The majority of the nouns to be formed in this way can be found in the reading passages of this unit. globe danger nature centre environment occasion agriculture music
global dangerous natural central environmental occasional agricultural musical
Now complete the following sentences with the adjectives which have been thus formed.
global dangerous natural central environmental occasional agricultural musical
1. The young girl now playing the violin on the stage comes from a ________ family: her father writes songs for films and her mother is a well-known pianist.
2. Sometimes people get drunk and fight in the street, but these happenings are only _________.
3. If we do not take measures to reduce pollution, the _____________ effect of this new factory could be a disaster.
4. Because the rent is too high in downtown areas, the company is moving from its ______ location to new offices at the edge of the city.
5. All the nations in the world should join hands to fight against AIDS; on a ______ scale, the disease may well become the leading cause of child death.
6. The water is very deep. It‘s __________ for a small child to get too near its edge alone.
7. The country is very rich in its _______ resources, which include forests, coal and oil.
8. A lot of labor force is needed to farm the land, so large families are more common in traditional
____________ societies than in cities.
1.musical
2.occasional
3. environmental
4.central
5.global its
6. dangerous
7. natural
8.agricultural
The suffix –ness can be added to adjectives to form nouns with the meaning of the quality of or condition of being… For example, great ------ greatness, cold ------ coldness. Add –ness to the adjectives given below. Make changes in spelling where necessary. Then complete the following sentences with some of the new nouns thus formed.
weak sad happy kind easy ill strange gray dark lazy nervous careless
1. I have enjoyed my stay in your city very much and I have been missing my home at the same time. So it is with a mixed feeling of _______ and joy that I say good-bye to you.
2. He never complains that there are any problems he cannot deal with or that he is under too much pressure; he believes that such complaints are a sign of _________.
3. The slightest ___________ in handling the current financial crisis can result in a crash on the country‘s stock market.
5. The light went out and the entire hall sank into complete ________. All of us had to sit still, daring not to move about.
6. She writes home saying that she never feels she is two thousand miles away from home, because she has been treated with great ________ by the local people.
7. Some people are unwilling to work because their standard of living is ensured by social assistance. Current employment laws will have to be changed to reward effort and punish _______.
8. He opened the letter with such __________ that he could not stop the trembling of his hands.
Keys: 1.sadness 2.weakness 3. carelessness 4.illness 5.darkness 6.kindness 7. laziness
8.nervousness
VI.The suffix -y can be added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of full or, covered with, having the quality of,or inclined to. For example,
cloud + -y → cloudy: full of clouds, sand + -y → sandy: covered with sand
snow + -y → snowy: having the quality of snow, sleep + -y → sleepy: inclined to sleep
Now form adjectives by adding -y to the nouns listed below. Make changes in spelling if necessary. Then complete the following sentences with some of the adjectives thus formed.
1. He has to shut himself in his own room reading and writing, because his little daughter is usually active and ______ in front of the television in the sitting room all evening.
2. In order to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, the government has recently adopted a measure to raise income tax on those ________ international business people.
3. Though it was middle January, the weather was surprisingly warm and ______, so we stayed out of doors the whole morning to enjoy the sunshine.
4. He was _____ that it was only an empty beer can that knocked him on the head.
5. I think that the food is very _____ at the restaurant, though the service needs to be improved.
6. You said that you don‘t feel very well these days. I think you need to lead a more balanced life to become _______ and happy.
7. She stayed up very late the night before, so she was still tired and ______ when he woke her the next morning.
8. An ___ wind from the north had been blowing the whole night, so the temperature dropped below zero early this morning.
1.sadness
2.weakness
3.sunny
4.lucky
5.tasty
6. healthy
7.sleepy
8. icy
The suffix –en can be added to adjectives to form verbs with the meaning of come to be or cause to be. For example, sharp + en —— sharpen: come to be sharp(er), cause to be sharp(er)
The suffix –en can also be added to some nouns to form verbs with the meaning of come to have or cause to have. For example, height + en —— heighten: come to be high(er), cause to be high(er); increase in height Now rewrite the following sentences after the example given, using –en verbs to replace the italicized parts. Example: He made his pencil sharp(er) with a knife. He sharpened his pencil with a knife.
Under the present situation the property prices are just beginning to become hard(er) again. →Under the present situation the property prices are just beginning to harden again.
2. In the past few years these inside conflicts have made the government’s position weak(er). In the past few years these inside conflicts have weakened the government’s position.
3. Every Sunday the father takes his child to libraries, museums, exhibits or natural parks and he believes that this helps to make the child’s mind become broad(er). Every Sunday the father takes his child to libraries, museums, exhibits or natural parks and he believes that this helps to broaden the child’s mind.
4. The days are becoming longer as summer approaches. The days are lengthening as summer approaches.
5. As she waited for the result to come out, her excitement grew in height. As she waited for the result to come out, her excitement was heightening.
6. The taking on of a new secretary made his workload light(er) considerably. The taking on of a new secretary lightened his workload considerably.
7. As he listened to his assistant report ing on the progress of the project, the manager‘s face become dark(er) with anger. As he listened to his assistant reporting on the progress of the project, the manager‘s face darkened with anger.
8. Before night fell, the setting sun made the clouds red(der). Before night fell, the setting sun reddened the clouds.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,plete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in brackets.
1. (arrive) The ______ of the computer has revolutionized the publishing industry.
2. (expect) I usually enjoy his films, but the
latest one didn‘t come up to my __________.
3. (understand) The meeting hall was so noisy that the chairman‘s announcement was barely ______________.
4. (visit) _______ to the hospital are asked not to smoke.
5. (free) You may have complete _______ of action in dealing with this matter; do what you think best.
6. (profession) I‘m not sure about your legal position in this matter: I think you should take
__________ advice from a lawyer.
7. (luck) We got involved in a road accident last weekend, but we were _____ to escape injury.
8. (gather) You needn‘t dress too officially for the party: it‘s only a small social _________, attended only by a few of my best friends
Keys: 1．arrival 2. expectation 3. understandable 4. Visitors 5. freedom 6. professional 7. lucky 8. gathering
The prefixes in-, im-, il- and ir- are added to adjectives to make them negative in meaning. For example, in- + complete —— incomplete: not complete
ir- + responsible —— irresponsible: not responsible Now add these prefixes to the adjectives listed below to make them negative and then complete the following sentences with some of these words. There are more words than are needed.
sensitive polite appropriate consistent direct logical regular patient capable proper correct responsible
1. They have been out of job for too long and they each have a large family to support. That explains why they are so _________ for jobs and security.
2. Since I know that to use money in the project will be a risk, it would be ___________ of me not to advise my company to give up the project.
3. An exchange of views which contains contradictions is ___________.
4. There is nothing direct to show that he is guilty of the crime. So far all the evidence is only _______.
5. It was very __________ of you to tell her about your pay raise when she has been unemployed since last year.
6. Joking with everyone at this official celebration is ______________________ behavior for such a serious occasion.
7. What do you think of your chemistry instructor?
Oh, she’s _________ of doing any real teaching and she’s so boring .
8. The young woman has a very little child to look after and she does not like such ________ working hours.
1. impatient
2. irresponsible
3.inconsistent
4. indirect
5. Insensitive
6. improper/inappropriate
7.incapable 8. irregular
The prefix un- is added to adjectives to make them negative in meaning. For example, un- + wise —— unwise: not wise, un- + forgettable —— unforgettable: not forgettable
The prefix can also be added to verbs to mean the opposite of [verb]. For example, un- + dress —— undress: do the opposite of dressing, take off clothes , un- + tie —— untie: do the opposite of tying,
undo the tie
Now add un- to the following adjectives or verbs to form new words and then complete the following sentences with some of the new words.
Tidy reasonable fold limited load fashionable cover noticeable do recognizable grateful certain
1. I have been working without any break for 24 hours. It is ____________ to expect me to work all night again today.
2. She ________ a large map and spread it on the table.
3. I had a long talk with him yesterday, but I‘m still
_________ about his intentions.
4. After a two-month enquiry, the police have _________ a plot to rob the bank.
5. You have done so much for him, but he never expresses any thanks. How could you put up with such
__________ behavior?
6. The British ship arrived at the port last week and is _________ its contents in the harbor now.
7. We should economize on oil, because the supply of a natural resource is never _________.
8. They had been working on the project since January, but a terrible fire last week _____ months of hard work.
1. unreasonable
2. unfolded
3. uncertain
4.Uncovered
5. ungrateful
6. unloading
7. unlimited
8. undid
The suffix -ful is added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of full of…, giving… or havi ng… For example: use —— useful delight —— delightful
hope —— hopeful help —— helpful
The suffix -less is added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of without… or not giving… For example: child —— childless doubt —— doubtless
care —— careless speech —— speechless
Now complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the words given in brackets, using either the suffix -ful or the suffix -less depending on the context.
1. (end) I‘m fed up with your _______ complaining.
2. (thought) You often look __________ these days; is there anything wrong?
3. (harm) Smoking is ________ to health, but I don‘t understand why there are still so many people who smoke.
4. (rest) After listening to the speaker for three hours the audience became _______.
5. (beauty) Driving around the foot of the mountain, the tourists suddenly came in sight of a very _____lake.
6. (success) Were you _________ in persuading him to change his mind?
7. (fear) He gave them his honest opinion, _______of the results.
8. (joy) Did you go to their wedding celebration? I hear that there was a lot of fun and it is a really ______ time.
1. endless
2. thoughtful
3. harmful
4.restless
5. beautiful
6. successful
7. fearless
8. joyful
The suffix -ize (or -ise) can be added to adjectives or nouns to form verbs, with the meaning of causing… or making… For example:modern + -ize (or: -ise) — modernize (or: modernise), organ + -ize (or: -ise) —organize (or: organise)
Add -ize (or: -ise) to the following adjectives to form verbs. Change the form where necessary. Then complete the following sentences with the newly formed verbs.
real global American popular national economy industrial hospital
1. The British government ___________ the railways as early as 1948. Since then the railways have been owned and managed by the government.
2. He broke a leg when playing football and was ___________ for a month.
3. There is to be a meeting of trade ministers from the major _____________ countries.
4. The local residents have to _________ on water during the dry season.
5. Through years of efforts the young man _______ his aim of becoming a story writer.
6. The car company is making use of the mass media to __________ its new model programmed to be made available to the public early next year.
7. The world economy is becoming more and more _________, so we must make new policies to meet competition from other countries.
8. Li stayed in the States for about 10 years but he couldn’t get himself ____________ as he never adapted himself to American food.
1. nationalized
2. hospitalized
3. industrialized
4. economize
5. realized
6. popularize
7. globalized
8. Americanized
Some suffixes are used to form adjectives. Study the examples given below and then write the adjective formed from each of the following words. Make changes in spelling where necessary. Examples:
The suffix –ly is added to adjectives to form adverbs with the meaning of in a… manner. For example. happy + -ly — happily: in a happy manner,
The suffix –wards is added to nouns or prepositions to form adverbs with the meaning of manner and direction of movement. For example. home + -ward(s) — homeward(s): towards home, out + -ward(s) — outward(s): towards the outside, strange + -ly — strangely: in a strange manner
Now complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in brackets, using either the suffix –ly or the suffix –ward(s) depending on the context.
1. I walked ___________ down the stairs, carrying the heavy box with my brother. (back)
2. He often comes here, but _________ enough, I have never met him. (strange)
3. The door opens __________ into the huge garden in front of the house. (out)
4. He worked so hard that _________ he made himself ill. (eventual)
5. Night was falling as John left his office and drove ____________. (home)
6. The family has lived in this country for many years, but _________ they came from France. (original)
7. If you think you can get money from him you are _____ mistaken; he never lends anything to anyone. (sad)
8. They screamed when the walls fell ________. (in)
1. backward(s) ,
2. strangely,
3. outward(s)
4. eventually,
5. homeward(s),
6. originally
7. sadly
8. inward(s)
The prefix dis- can be added to verbs or adjectives with the meaning of doing the opposite of or not. For example, dis- + loyal — disloyal: not loyal, dis- + like — dislike: not to like
Now study the meaning of the words given below and then complete the following sentences with the proper forms of these words.
disappear disclose disappoint dishonest
discharge dislike displeased disintegrate
1. It was very _________ of you to lie to your employer about your educational background and work experience.
2. The box was so old that it just ____________ when I picked it up.
3. The old lady was very _________ with the children‘s noisy behavior.
4. My parents were ____________ with me when I failed the exam; they had expected me to do better.
5. The huge forests in this region have given way to cities and towns in the past few decades and the beautiful birds are fast ____________.
6. The fish in the river were killed by the chemicals __________ by the factories along the river banks.
7. The lifting of the curtain ________ a beautiful winter scene.
8. I prefer to stay in the quiet and peaceful countryside; I ______ big cities.
1. dishonest
2. disintegrated
3.displeased
4. disappointed
5. disappearing
6. discharged
7. disclosed
8. dislike
The suffix –ance or –ence is added to some verbs to form nouns meaning the act of doing or something done, e. g. allow →allowance, endure → endurance, refer → reference, prefer → preference
Now complete the sentences below with the words above. Remember to change the form where necessary. Appearance, attendance, hindrance, utterance, maintenance, acceptance , resistance , occurrence, performance, existence,
1. Concentrate on the content of your essay, not its ___________.
2. Someone‘s __________ are the things that they say.
3. Our teacher was very pleased today for the fact that we had perfect __________.
4. He would be more of a _________ than a help to us.
5. The rule says that ___________ of peace and quiet is necessary in a hospital.
6. Evidence shows that the girl had made _________ before she was hanged to death.
7. We are going to have the evening ___________ at 8 o‘clock this Friday.
8. Environment pollution threatens the _________ of wild animals.
9. The chairman of the department felt it difficult to cope with complaints that seemed to be an everyday
___________.
10. In his __________ speech for the Nobel Prize, he stressed the inner conflict of man.
1. appearance
2. utterances
3. attendance
4. hindrance
5. maintenance
6. resistance
7. performance
8. existence
9. occurrence 10. acceptance
VII. Some nouns and adjectives can be joined by a hyphen ―-‖ to form adjectives.e.g. child-bearing
iron-rich health-conscious
Please look at the following group of compound adjectives that are formed by n.+a.
water-proof 防水的care-free 无忧无虑的
waist-deep 齐腰深的ice-cold 冷冰冰的
time-consuming 耗时的peace-loving 爱和平的
Now use the words above to complete the sentences below.
water-proof , care-free, waist-deep time-consuming ice-cold peace-loving
1. Before 1949, China, whose people are ____________, was frequently involved in war.
2. The water was _______and my hands were completely blue.
3. Women who turn to sports for health do not choose ________________programs.
4. Cars are furnished with __________ glass to enable them stand the rainy weather.
5. In rainy seasons, this small river could become __________ and thus dangerous for small children.
6. It is important for an aged man to stay __________ in order to live a long life.
1. peace-loving
2. ice-cold
3. time-consuming,
4. water-proof
5. waist-deep
6. care-free
One way to form an adjective is to add the suffix ?-ic‘ to a noun. For example: e. g. optimist → optimistic，pessimist →pessimistic。
Energy + -ic→ energetic，atom+ -ic→ atomic，hero+- -ic→ heroic，
Arab+ -ic→ Arabic my+ -ic→ economic，history+ -ic→ historic，
Now choose one of the adjectives above to fill in each of the following sentences.
Energetic，heroic，economic，atomic，Arabic，historic
1. The falling of the Berlin Wall was a ____ occasion.
2. The first_____ bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.
3. This book is about the development of modern _____ literature.
4. Iron deficiency may derive from frequent ____ exercises.
5. 2002 saw _____ growth in China.
6. His ____ deeds were celebrated in every corner of China.
1. historic,
2. atomic
3.Arabic,
4.energetic
5. economic
6. heroic
A common way to form an abstract noun is to add the suffix ―-ity‖to an adjective. For example:e. g. able→ability, capable→ capability
Now study the following abstract nouns which have been formed by adding ―-ity‖ to adjectives.
Curious +-ity→ curiosity, public+- ity→ publicity responsible +- ity→ responsibility
rapid+- ity→ rapidity elastic+- ity→elasticity
Now choose one of the abstract nouns above to fill in each of the following sentences.
curiosity responsibility elasticity publicity rapidity
1. We need to take _____ for looking after our own health.
2. People wonder at the ____ with which the weather can change in this area.
3. Daily facial exercises help her to keep the skin‘s _____.
4. The child opened the box to satisfy his ______.
5. Some people, especially stars, try to seek _____ while some others try to avoid it.
1. responsibility 2, rapidity 3. elasticity 4. curiosity 5. publicity
Adjectives ended in –ant or –ent can be made into their corresponding nouns mainly by omitting the letter –t and adding –ce. e.g. important→ importance，independent →independence
excellent - t +- ce→excellence brilliant - t+- ce→brilliance
competent - t + -ce→competence consequent - t + -ce→consequence
ignorant - t+- ce→ignorance indifferent –t +- ce→indifference
intelligent –t+ -ce→ intelligence magnificent –t + -ce→magnificence
significant –t + -ce→significance
1.Examinations are not necessarily the best way to measure ___________________.
2.The power station was shown to be dangerous and, as a ___________, was closed
down.
3.This discovery was of great __________, but few people realized that.
4.In the ―I to you‖ approach, the workers were in complete _________ of the
management‘s plans.
5. I don‘t like the department chairman‘s ___________ to the teachers who are not in his favor.
6. I hear on all sides of the _________ of your establishment.
7. The sun has both _________ and heat.
8. There is calm and joy, too, when the mind can focus on the ____________ and beauty of nature.
1. intelligence/competence
2. consequence
3. significance
4. ignorance
5. indifference
6. excellence
7. brilliance
8. magnificence
The prefix co- means ―accompanying‖, ―sharing‖, ―with‖ or ―joint‖. New words may be formed by adding co- to some words at the beginning. e.g. founder co-founder
Look at the following words that come from word building and choose from them to fill in the blanks. Remember to change the form where necessary.
co- + director →codirector co-+ operate →cooperate co-+ author →co-author
co- + exist →coexist co- + pilot→copilot
1.We must be aware that peace _______ with war.
2.He was the __________ of that film which was half criticized and half praised.
3.The couple spoke about how they would _________ in the raising of their child.
4.The pilot was seriously injured and the ______ took over.
5.He is the _________, with Andrew Blowers, of The International Politics of Nuclear Waste.
1. coexists
2. co-director
3. cooperate
4. copilot
5. co-author
Form nouns by adding –th to the verbs or adjectives given below and make necessary changes in the word form. Then define them in English.
?1. grow→ growth: the act or rate of growing or developing; natural development; expansion;
improvement; cultivation
?warm → warmth: the state or quality of being warm; warm-heartedness, kindness; heat;
enthusiasm
?deep→ depth: the state of being deep; downward measurement; deepness
?true→ the state or quality of being true; facts, reality; proven principle
?long→ length: the measurement from one end to the other or of the longest side of something;
?duration, time, period; piece, section
?broad →breadth: distance from side to side, broadness; scope, range, extensiveness, area
?wide →width: size from side to side; the quality of being wide
?die →death: the state of being dead
?
Look at the following words that have been formed by adding –ure or –eer and fill in the blanks with them.pressure disclosure failure exposure mountaineer closure profiteer seizure
1. Her skin was dry after _____ to the wind during the trip.
2. There is the greatest practical benefit in having a few _____ early in life.
3. The old lady made several surprising _____ about her past life.
4. Having to cope with so many problems was a ____ hard to bear.
5. Some people regard mountain climbing as a risk of one‘s life, bu t for all the ____, it is a challenge to one‘s courage and ability.
6. The _____ of the factory resulted from system problems and poor management and caused unemployment of over a thousand workers.
7. At present the whole country is waging a war against products of imitation and poor quality, with the purpose of punishing those _____ in the market by means of law.
8. The _____ of the criminal ended a three-month police chase.
1.exposure
2. failures
3. disclosures
4. pressure
5. mountaineers
6. closure
7.
profiteers 8. seizure
One way to form a compound is putting two nouns together with or without a hyphen. e.g. earth(n.) + quake(n.) → earthquake，air(n.) + brake(n.) → air-brake(空气制动器)
Now study the following words listed in the two columns, and form compounds by matching them up properly.
Verbs can be formed by adding the prefix en-to adje ctives, nouns or other verbs. e.g. rich→ enrich, close → enclose
Now have a look at the following verbs and fill in each of the sentences with one of them. Remember to change the form where necessary.
enable encourage endear encircle enlighten ensure enlarge endanger enforce enact (演出)
1. Don‘t __________ her laziness by doing things for her.
2. The meeting ended in a plan to _______ the central park into a stadium (运动场) that is able to seat 50,000 people.
3. A forty-foot-high concrete wall ________ the jail.
4. The new test should ______ doctors to detect the disease early.
5. You will ________ your health if you work so hard.
6. Peter thought the world was flat until I ___________ him.
7.Please ______ that it is written into your contract.
8. Governments make laws and the police ______ them.
9. She often _______ the stories told to her by her father.
10. She managed to ______ herself to everybody by her kindness.
1. encourage
2. enlarge
3. encircles
4. enable
5. endanger
6. enlightened
7. ensure
8. enforce
9. enacted 10. endear
The suffix –ward can be added to nouns and adverbs to form adjectives and adverbs with the meaning of ―towards‖, ―facing‖ and ―to‖. For example: e. g. down→downward (towards or in a lower place or condition), north→ northward (going towards the north).
Now form adjectives and adverbs by adding –ward to nouns and adverbs given below and then define them in English.
sea → seaward (going towards the sea)
back→ backward (directed towards the back, the beginning, or the past; returning; behind in development) earth→ earthward (towards the earth)
out→ outward (towards the outside; away; of the outside, appearing to be true but perhaps not really true) south→ southward (going towards the south)
up→ upward (going up; increasing, getting higher)
home→ homeward (going towards home)
in →inward (moving towards the inside; (placed) on the inside; of the mind or spirit)
The prefix inter-can be added to nouns, adjectives and verbs with the meaning of ―between‖ or ―among‖. For example: e. g. city → intercity, national→ international, act→ interact
inter- + marriage→ intermarriage inter- + dependent→ interdependent
inter- + connect→ interconnect inter- + changeable→ interchangeable
inter- + active→ interactive inter- +personal→ interpersonal
inter- +play→ interplay inter- +mingle→ intermingle
Choose the proper words from above to fill in the blanks of the following sentences.
intermarriage interconnect interpersonal interdependent
Interactive intermingle interchangeable interplay
1. These two expressions are _____________.
2. This allows the two cultures to ________ without losing their separate identities.
3. The study conducted by a group of doctors indicates that drug abuse and AIDS infection are alarmingly ________.
4. We live in an increasingly _________ world.
5. There exists an________ of political, economic, social and cultural factors that act upon each other.
6. There was a great deal of ________between members of the old and new ruling classes.
7. More and more people are realizing that training in ______ skills is essential.
8. There is little evidence that this encouraged flexible, _______ teaching in the classroom.
1. interchangeable
2. intermingle
3. interconnected
4. interdependent
5. interplay
6. intermarriage
7. interpersonal
8. interactive
The prefix trans–, which means ―across‖ or ―from one to another‖ may be added to adjectives, nouns and verbs. For example:plant →transplant: take a plant out of the soil and plant it in another place, Pacific→transpacific: across the Pacific Ocean.
Look at the following words that have derived from nouns, adjectives or verbs and choose them to fill in the blanks of the sentences that follow.
trans+ ship →transship trans-+ atlantic→transatlantic
trans- + form→transform trans-+ port→transport
trans-+ migrant→transmigrant trans-+ national→transnational
trans-+ oce anic→transoceanic trans-+ position→transposition
Exercises—Word Building
Transship transatlantic transform transport transmigrant transnational transoceanic transposition
1. His pen name represented____________ of his initials and his middle name.
2. The ____________ flight was successful.
3. There are many Chinese _____________ in Canada, whose final destination is the United States.
4. Success and wealth ___________ his character.
5. They offered a ____________ program for improving the economy of Europe.
6. The ___________ nations of the Americas are also seeking an economic reform.
7. The goods will be _____________ at Tokyo.
8. Wheat is ___________ from the farms to the mills by truck.
1. transposition
2. transatlantic
3. transmigrants
4. transformed
5. transnational
6. transoceanic
7. transshipped
8. transported
Like the prefixes un-, in- and dis-, non-has the negative meaning (i.e. ―not‖). It can be added to adjectives, nouns, verbs, etc. with or without a hyphen. For example: fatal→nonfatal: not fatal, smoker→non-smoker: one who does not smoke.
Look at the following words that have derived from nouns, adjectives or verbs and choose them to fill in the blanks of the sentences that follow.
non-+art → non-art non-+ existent→ no n-existent non-+ profit→nonprofit
non-+ fiction→nonfiction non-+ productive→nonproductive non-+ stop→nonstop
non-+ violent→nonviolen non-+ college→non-college
Exercises—Word Building
1. In some areas public transport is completely___________ .
2. The 8:30 train goes________ to Nanjing.
3. He regarded abstract (抽象的) expressionism as ________ .
4. The college men normally outdo (超过) __________men in every worldly success.
5. Clerks, salesmen, etc. are ____________ personnel.
6. Schools are _________ organizations, which are usually supported by the government.
7. He also published _________.
8. The authorities allowed __________ actions in the form of a march through the streets of the city.
1. non-existent
2. nonstop
3. non-art
4. non-college
5. nonproductive
6. nonprofit
7. nonfiction
8. nonviolent
The suffix –an can be added
1)to the name of a place in order to form an adjective or noun that describes or refers to sb. or sth.
that comes from that place, or
2)to the name of a famous person in order to form an adjective or noun that describes or refers to
sth. or sb. that is connected with or typical of that person‘s work or the time at which he or she lived.
For example:America→American，Shakespeare→Shakespearean。Look at the following words that have been formed by adding -an to some nouns and translate the Chinese expressions into English, using the words.
Africa→African，Asia→Asian，Europe→European，Italy→Italian，Victoria→Victorian
Elizabeth→Elizabethan，Hollywood→Hollywoodian，James→J amesian
1. a tradition perfected by the Elizabethans由伊丽莎白时代的人完善的传统
2. an exhibition of fine Victorian furniture维多利亚时代精美家具的展览
3. dance music with African roots具有非洲根源的舞蹈音乐
4. lots of shops run by Asians许多有亚洲人经营的商店
5. make the British feel more European使英国人更有欧洲人的感觉
6. watch Italian football very often经常看意大利足球
7. produce some Hollywoodian films制作了一些好莱坞式的电影
8. write some novels of Jamesian style写了一些詹姆斯风格的小说多由亚洲人开办的商店
The prefix pre-with the meaning of ―before‖ can be added to nouns (mainly to form adjectives), verbs and adjectives with or without the hyphen. For example:
nuptial→prenuptial, cook→precook, war→pre-war (prewar)
Look at the following words that have been formed by adding pre-to nouns, verbs and adjectives and choose the proper word to fill in each blank.
pre- + school→pre-school, pre- + marital→premarital, pre- + exist→preexist, pre- + game→pre-game, pre- + historic→prehistoric, pre- + mature→premature, pre- + plan→preplan, pre- + suppose →presuppose
1. __________ agreements are also welcome to some young people in China.
2. I had been a little too __________ in coming to this conclusion.
3. The players were showered with gifts in a _________ ceremony.
4. It could not have been __________, since no imagination could have foreseen its need.
5. More and more parents are beginning to realize the importance of __________ education for their
children.
6. That place is worth seeing. It has some monuments that _______ written history.
7. I must __________ that you know the principal facts of the case.
8. Some __________ people lived in caves.
1. Premarital
2. premature
3. pre-game
4. preplanned
5. pre-school
6. preexist
7. presuppose
8.
prehistoric
The suffix -ify is added to adjectives or nouns to form verbs that describe the process by which a state, quality, or condition is brought about. Study the examples below and notice the spelling changes:
Simple (a.) +-fy → simplify: make sth. simple, beauty(n.)+ -fy → beautify: make sb./sth. beautiful
Look at the following words ending in -ify. Then complete the following sentences with these verbs and change the form where necessary.
classify purify justify intensify
terrify glorify identify exemplify
1. Tom tried to ______ his absence from the meeting by claiming that he had been ill that day.
2. The poem wasn‘t written to give a realistic account of the war but to _______ those men who were killed in the war, to give some comfort to their friends and relatives.
3. This painting perfectly __________ the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time.
4. The books in our library are ________ according to subject matter.
5. The water here has to be _______ before you can drink it.
6. With more companies bidding on the project, the competition is bound to ________.
7. I‘m so familiar with the students that I can _______ them by their footsteps.
8. I was _______ by the bull and wanted to run out of the field.
1. justify
2. glorify
3. exemplifies
4. classified
5. purified
6. intensify
7. identify 8. terrified
The suffix –ery/-ry is added to nouns or adjectives to form new nouns with the meaning of ―a group or collection of‖ or ―the state or character of‖. The suffix -ery/-ry can also be added to verbs or nouns to form new nouns with meaning of ―a place where something happens or is made‖ or referring to an action. For example：brave +-ry →bravery, machine +-ry →machinery , bake +-ry →bakery, rob +-ery →robbe ry. Now study the meaning of the words given below and then complete the following sentences with the proper forms of these words.
robbery delivery discovery bravery
nursery machinery scenery jewellery
1.These young people were awarded medals for their remarkable _______.
2.They were all fond of ________, and some wore rings and some fine gold chains.
3.It was clear that the minister was the right man to speak at the dinner: his _______ was faultless.
4.There was no electricity because the _________ had failed again.
5. The _______ was committed while we were away for the weekend.
6. Their two children have been going to a _______ since they were small babies.
7. They climbed the hill and stopped at the top to enjoy the _______.
8. Ever since the ________ of AIDS there has been a growing concern about our ability to confront it successfully.
1. bravery
2. jewellery
3. delivery
4. machinery
5. robbery
6. nursery
7. scenery
8.discovery
The suffix –ist is added to nouns, verbs or adjectives to form new nouns with the meaning of a person believing in or practicing, a person concerned with, or a person who does the specified action. For example:
Marx+-ist→Marxist: a person believing in Marxism.
Social+-ist→socialist: a person believing in socialism.
Violin+-ist→violinist: a person who plays the violin.
Now have a look at the following words with –ist and think of their meanings. Then fill in the blanks with some of them. Change the form if necessary.
educationist activist terrorist capitalist
modernist pianist novelist biologist
extremist artist idealist tourist
1. As an _____, Chaplin explored and extended a talent he discovered in himself as he went along.
2. It is reported that one tourist was killed and three were wounded in ________ attacks.
3. The great _______ Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin‘s childhood if he had lived in the same age as Chaplin.
4. Women politicians and _______ in the town say they are fighting deeply held cultural traditions.
5. A ________ is a person who studies living things.
6. We all think that Mr. Morris is just an ______ who doesn‘t understand the real world.
7. During that period there was a redistribution of income away from laborers towards landowners and _________.
8. Seaside resorts (度假地) such as Blackpool and Brighton are now preparing for a ______ invasion.
1. artist
2. terrorist
3. novelist
4. activists
5. biologist
6. idealist
7. capitalists
8. tourist
The suffix -ism is added to verbs, nouns or adjectives to form new nouns referring to beliefs, behavior, actions or ceremonies. For example:
Social+-ism→socialism: a political and economic theory
Criticize+-ism→criticism: the action or process of criticizing
Terror+-ism→terrorism:using violence for political aims
Now study the following words ending in –ism and then complete the sentences with some of the words given.
heroism realism extremism ageism Communism racism
capitalism socialism humanism criticism industrialism
sexism modernism terrorism idealism
1. _________ knows no borders—it is an international problem and demands international co-operation.
2. Early ____________ began the process of transferring some production processes (e.g. cloth making, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace.
3. They didn‘t even consider her for the job because she wa s 46—it was a typical case of ______.
4. Although his life was packed with drama, exciting travel adventures, wealth and personal ________, in his heart he felt the emptiness of it all.
5. Middle-class audiences‘ _______ of Chaplin‘s Tramp was that the character was a bit ―crude‖.
6. One of my students was awarded a medal for his _______ in saving two drowning children.
7. There is a strong feeling among many black people that ______ is deep-rooted in the country and that black people face discrimination (歧视) in education, training and employment.
8. __________ seeks to find new forms of expression and rejects traditional or accepted ideas.
1. Terrorism
2. industrialism
3. ageism
4. idealism
5. criticism
6. heroism
7. racism
8. Modernism
The suffix -like is added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of being similar to or resembling. And the suffix -ish is added to nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of of the nature of or resembling. The suffix is also added to adjectives to form new adjectives with the meaning of having a small amount of the characteristics or quality described by the original adjective. For example: violin + -like →violin-like, child + -like →childlike, lady + -like →ladylike, shell + -like →shell-like, child + -ish →childish fool + - ish→foolish, dark+ - ish→darkish, large+ - ish→largish
Now complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the words given in brackets, using either the suffix -like or the suffix -ish depending on the context.
1. After tea he wrote a ______ letter to Hilda. (long)
2. The local paper criticized what it described as the __________ behavior of the football fans. (animal)
3. I know that when I have children, I have to be less ______. (self)
4. The flowers of mature lime trees (酸橙树) have a delicious _________ fragrance (芳香). (honey)
5. There was a large, _______ structure on the top of the building. (ball)
6. Even as an old man he retained his ______ charm. (boy)
7. You can see that the leaves of these trees vary from ________ green to dark green. (yellow)
8. It was a _______ production of the play: I‘ve seen better but there have also been far worse. (good)
1. longish
2. animal-like
3. selfish
4.honey-like
5. ball-like
6. boyish
7. yellowish
8. goodish
The suffix -ian is added to nouns and adjectives to form new nouns. Nouns formed in this way refer to a person whose job or hobby involves the thing referred to by the original noun. For example: mathematics+-ian→mathematician: a person who specializes in the study of mathematics, history+-ian→historian: a person who specializes in the study of history
Look at the following words ending in -ian and think about their meanings. Then complete the following sentences with the newly formed nouns.
beautician electrician magician musician
politician physician technician comedian
1. It‘s strange: No one trusts _________, but we let them govern the world.
2. They are looking for a laboratory _________, who is very good at the detailed technical aspects of laboratory management.
3. The audience burst out laughing when the _________ copied the acts of Charlie Chaplin.
4. The blind man told him that the music seemed out of tune to their Western ears, but it had charm and he asked him to describe the _________ for him.
5. In this country _________ are required to report cases of dangerous contagious (传染性的) diseases like AIDS as public-health hazards.
6. We have been told that __________ are coming to do the rewiring on Tuesday.
7. When she was in London, she worked as a _________ and skin care specialist in an expensive salon (沙龙).
8. The children were all amused by the wonderful tricks the ________ performed.
1. politicians
2. technician
3. comedian
4. musicians
5. physicians
6.. electricians
7. beautician 8. magician
semi-: 前缀，表示―半‖, semicircle n.半圆形semiconscious a. 半意识的, semidiameter n. 半径semifinal adj. 半决赛的, semiprofessional n. 半职业性的人, semitropical n.亚热带的
The prefix super- is added to nouns, adjectives to form new nouns and adjectives with the meaning of a bigger, more powerful, or more important version of a particular thing. For example: super-+highway → superhighway, super- +computer →super-computer, super-+simplification → super-simplification, super- +abundant→ superabundant
Now study the meaning of the words given below and then complete the following sentences with some of these words.
super-computer super-intelligent super-sensitive
superpower superstar superabundant
super-speed super-hero superman
supermarket super-efficient super-simplification
1. The United States is now considered to be both a military and economic __________ in the world.
2. We‘ve had such a _____________ crop of apples this year; I don‘t know what to do with the m all.
3. A new ___________ has just opened, and you can get almost anything you need there.
4. It is reported that a __________ magnetic monorail (单轨铁路) will be built in Shanghai to take passengers to and from the airport from Longyang Station on Metro Line II in six or seven minutes.
5. Application has been made recently of the power of the _______________ towards advancing medical science.
6. It would take a _________ to get the company out of its present financial difficulties.
7. Even though she is a Hollywood ________, she remains modest and lives a simple life.
8. Scientists at the labs have managed to make soccer ball-shaped carbon molecules act as superconductors at relatively warm temperatures, raising hopes for faster and _____________ computers.
1. superpower
2. superabundant
3. supermarket
4. super-computers
5. superman
6. superstar
7. super-efficient
The prefix auto- can be added to nouns or verbs to form new nouns or verbs with the meaning of of oneself, by oneself or itself, or independent. For example:
auto-+biography→autobiography, auto-+mobile→automobile, auto-+reverse →auto-reverse
The prefix auto- can be also added to nouns to form new nouns which refer to something that is connected with cars. For example: auto-+industry → auto-industry, auto-+worker→autoworker
Now study the meaning of the words given below and then complete the following sentences with some of them.
autobiography auto-record autopilot auto-play
auto-rotate auto-reverse auto-industry auto-racing
auto-sport autograph auto-focus auto-timer
1. There has been a power cut and you have to reset the _________ on the cooker.
2. Those who have watched __________ know that much of the thrill comes from its apparent danger.
3. The camera is easy to use because it has an _________ function.
4. He mistook me for Madonna and asked for my _________.
5. Last year Grundig promised to launch an ―___________‖ machine, to give 24 hours‘ continuous recording on a radio program, but it never appeared.
6. The investigation revealed that the plane was on ________ when it crashed.
7. The TV series was based on the _____________ of the New Zealand author Janet Frame.
8. According to the prediction from the ____________, the company will have to work even harder than usual next year.
1.auto-timer
2. auto-racing
3. auto-focus
4. autograph
5. auto-reverse
6. autopilot
7. autobiography 8. auto-industry
The prefix over- can be added to adjectives, adverbs, verbs, and nouns to form new adjectives, adverbs, verbs, and nouns with the meaning of more than usual, too much or to excess. For example:
over-+confident→overconfident, over-+emphasis→overemphasis , over-+work→overwork
The prefix under- can be added to verbs, nouns, and V-ed to form new verbs, nouns and adjectives with the meaning of not enough. For example: under-+capacity→under-capacity, under-+ estimate→underestimate, under-+developed→underdeveloped
Now study the meaning of the following words and then complete the sentences with some of these words. over-anxious overload oversleep overestimate
overcharge over-react overheat underestimate
underpaid under-financed underprepared
underweight underdeveloped under-capacity
1. The repairs cost almost double what I thought they would. I really _____________ how much damage was done.
2. Many people there complained that they were overworked but _________.
3. I missed the train this morning because I ________ again.
4. ______________ countries should be assisted by allowing them access to information technologies so that one day they can cruise alongside the developed countries on the Information Superhighway.
5. The Sales Director ____________ the demand and the company was consequently left with 20,000 unsold copies.
6. He claimed the taxi driver ___________ him by $10, and decided to make a complaint.
7. In this underdeveloped country, nearly a third of the children are severely ___________.
8. The pilot warned him that the plane was __________ and wouldn‘t fly.
1. underestimated
2. underpaid
3. overslept
4. Underdeveloped
5. overestimated
6. overcharged
7. underweight
8. overloaded
Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word given in brackets.
1. The tutor ______ the instructions so that the children could understand them. (simple)
2. Oh no, the lights have gone out again! This time we‘d better call the _______. (electric)
3. Since the 11 September attack, many people in the country have been pessimistic about the prospects of economic ________ within a few years. (recover)
4. Latest tests on the Queen Mother, who _______ an hour-long throat operation on Thursday night, had proved satisfactory, said a spokesman for Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. (go)
5. His life story is recounted (复述) in two fascinating volumes of his ____. (biography 传记)
6. Use a red pencil to _______ all the foods or meals you think are not so good for you and should be restricted. (line)
7. A police helicopter had evacuated (撤离) people from the roof of the north tower in February 1993, after a ________ bomb exploded in the basement. (terror)
8. Please do not _______ if your child gets into trouble at school. (react)
1. simplified
2. electrician
3. recovery
4. underwent
5. autobiography
6. underline
7. terrorist 8. over-react
The prefix post- can be added to nouns and adjectives to form new nouns and adjectives with the meaning of after. For example: post-+war→postwar, post-+modern→post-modern.
Now study the meaning of the following words and then complete the sentences with some of these words. forecast foreground postgraduate
foreleg foresee post-election
foresight post-race forethought
forewarn post-liberation post-Christmas
1. She‘d had the ___________________ to sell her house just before house prices came down.
2. There was no one left in the village. They had obviously been __________ about the raid.
3. Celebrated the world over for his writing, he still refused to put himself in the __________.
4. He went to Oxford as a ___________ to study criminology for his doctor‘s degree.
5. There was an instant ________ reaction when the result of the match was announced.
6. She _______ the troubles ahead and took steps to avoid them.
7. To get people buying, many stores are running their usual sales offering discounts as high as 50 percent, hoping that shoppers don‘t repeat past habits by waiting for ______________ bargains.
8. Public confidence in the economic recovery has fallen dramatically, according to a ___________ survey.
1. foresight/forethought
2. forewarned
3. foreground
4. postgraduate
5. post-race
6. foresaw
7. post-Christmas
8. post-election
构词法专项复习练习答案
构词法专项复习练习答案 一、根据要求写单词： 1．写出下列单词的形容词： 二、连线成词： un come key wide tri agree side out dis ordinary net board en build news ware extra friendly tax paper sub legal shop work il cycle web site in rich note keeper mis way through road non work hard payer re understand team work over smoker nation book 三、翻译下列句子（用上所提供的词的正确形式）： 1．整个赛季他平均每场比赛得五十多分。（average） He averaged over 50 points a game for an entire season.
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派生词专项训练100题 1.I wrote him a letter to show my___(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness. 2.The first tomb was built at the___(begin) of the 15th century. 3.Painting is a ___(create) process. 4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a ___(describe) of the street where we live. 5.The ___ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 6.I’d just like to ___ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language. 7.My grandfather is as___(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all. 8.The first lesson was very___(enjoy)---I like it a lot! 9.These discoveries proved the___(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and years ago. 10.A smile is the universal___(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease. 11.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being___(fashion). 12.The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will___(hope) have been solved by the end of next week. 13.The accused man proved his___(innocent) of the crime. 14.The government’s new scheme is designed to help the___(job). 15.The days start to___(long) in March. 16.___(Luck), Peter didn’t get the job. 17.The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from___(lonely). 18.Stop you ___(mean) chatter, boys. You are wasting time. 19.How lucky he was! He won the lottery and now he is a ___(million). 20.They had the ___(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm. 21.He lives in a ___(mountain) district, where traffic is extremely inconvenient. 22.I am so full that I couldn’t eat another ___(mouth). 23.We must pay special attention to the___(mystery) stranger. 24.Try to act___(nature), even if you are tense. 25.Public spending___(necessary) affects the economy. 26.After the race, I felt my heart beating___(violence). 27.The baby was sleeping___(peace). 28.He showed us ___(person) around the factory. 29.It gives me great___(pleasure) to welcome our speaker. 30.___(polite) costs nothing and gains everything. 31.The___(popular) of professional sports has been increasing
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初中英语构词法练习题 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.die B.dead C.died D.death 3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded. A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young ch ild.He may fall off. A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely 8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write________passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache
构词法练习答案
构词法练习答案： 各位，前面的构词法小练1---40题我是前几年自己做的答案找不到了。大家自己做了相互对一下吧。第二部分有答案还有我当时自己对应补充的一些词汇保存下来了。都附在后面你们对应着看吧，也许有个别题中间有删减了对不上的请见谅哦。 构词法练习1（易）自查答案： 1. appreciation 2. beginning 3. creative 4. description 5.discovery 6. emphasize 7. energetic 8. enjoyable 9. existence 10. facial 11. fashionable 12. hopefully 13. innocence 14. jobless 15. lengthen 16. unluckily 17. loneliness 18. meaningless 19. millionaire 20. misfortune 21. mountainous 22. mouthful 23. mysterious 24. naturally 25. necessarily 26. violently 27. peacefully 28. personally 29. pleasure 30. Politeness 31. popularity 32. professional 33. qualification 34. quantities 35. racial 36. unreasonable 37. religious38. saying 39. scholarship 40. scientific 41. similarity 42. sleepless 43. speechless 44. starvation 45. strengthen 46. successfully 47. tasteless 48. truly 49. unconscious 50. unbelievable 51. universal 52. variety 53. arrival 54. reliable 55. percentage 56. attractive / happiness 57. applications 58. enables /friendship 59. separation60. security 61. valuable 62.Traditionally / celebrations 63. popularity 64. objection / ability 65. wisdom 66. behaviour 67. convenient 68.closely 69.dislike 70.decisions71.equality72. gently 73. hopeless 构词法易补充词汇： 2.beginner 3.creation; creativity 8.enjoyment 12. hopeless 13.lucky 20.unfortunately 25.necessity 26.personality 27. pleasant 28.impolite 29.professor 30.qualifiable; qualified 35. racialism, racialist 37. religion 42. sleepy; asleep 47. tasty 50. unbelievable, belief 52. various 56. attraction 57. applicant; applicative, appliance 58.friendly, friendliness, friendless 61. invaluable, priceless, valueless, worthless 65. wiser 67. inconvenient 68. closed 69. unlike 71. equalize, equalization 72. gentleness https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,rmed 76. imaginative
构词法练习及其答案
高考能力测试构词法W o r d F o r m a t i o n 一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 (1)合成adj
(2)合成动词 (3)合成n (4)合成 adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （6）合成介词 inside在……里
date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领 训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测 构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的 生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad
构词法练习及其答案(可编辑修改word版)
高考能力测试构词法 Word Formation 一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 合成动词 二、派生 Derivation (5)合 成 代 词 whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （ 6） 合 成 介 词 inside
三、转化Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类 转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话, mirror 镜 子—像镜子一样反映, drink 喝—饮料, record 录音—记录, name, date, hand, study, 2.形容词转化为动词perfect 完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front 前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——首领 训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad 4.H e is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a . A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician 5.T he three- chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D. pridely 8.To everyone’s , the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English. —You can write _passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11You must come with us to the police .Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it .A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the news about Iraq War? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,tely https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,test https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,ter https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,tter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in . A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How he is! He is always acting .He is really a . A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool
英语构词法练习题答案
英语构词法练习题 一、基础练习 A：名词后加“y”变成形容词 sun---( sunny ) wind ---( windy ) cloud ---( cloudy ) rain ---( rainy ) snow ---( snowy ) fun---(funny ) health ---( healthy ) noise ---( noisy ) salt---( salty ) luck ---( lucky ) sleep ---( sleepy ) sand ---( sandy ) B：名词后加“-ful” “-less”变成形容词 care ---( careful )_( careless ) use---_(useful )( useless ) colour---( colourful ) ( colourless ) help---( helpful ) ( helpless ) hope ---( hopeful )_( hopeless ) harm ---(harmful ) ( harmless ) success---( successful ) wonder---(wonderful ) peace---( peaceful ) sleep ---(sleepless ) home---(homeless ) value---(valueless ) C：名词后加“-ern”变成形容词 east--( eastern )west ---( western )south---( southern ) north---(northern ) D：名词后加“-al”变成形容词 person---( personal )education---(educational )tradition---(traditional) medicine---( medical ) music ---(musical ) nature---( natural ) E：名词后加“-ly”变成形容词 friend---( friendly ) love---(lovely ) week---( weekly ) F：名词后加“--ous”变成形容词 danger---( dangerous mystery---( mysterious ) fame---( famous ) G：名词后加“-en”变成形容词 wool---( woolen ) wood--( wooden ) gold---( golden ) H：名词转化为形容词的不规则变化 energy---( energetic) athlete---( athletic ) hunger---(hungry ) pride---( proud ) death---( dead ) science---( scientific ) anger---( angry ) Africa---(African ) America---(American ) Asia---( Asian ) Australia---( Australian ) I：动词变名词 ①work---__worker_(工作者) sing---_singer___(歌手) teach---____teacher__(教师) drive---___driver____(司机) write---_writer_(作家) dance---_dancer(舞蹈家) win---____winner__(获胜者) run---___runner___(赛跑者) swim---__swimmer(游泳者)act---___acter(演员) collect---collector(收藏家) direct---___director(主管) visit---__visitor(参观者) invent---_inventor(发明家) translate---____translator(翻译家) ②educate---____education(教育) describe---__description(描述) predict---prediction(预言)
一轮复习高中英语基本构词法及练习题
英语构词法中的派生法 派生法：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）； 后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。 disable disadvantage disagree disappear disapprove disclose discolour disconnect discontinuous discontinue discount discourage disorder illegal impossible inaccurate inactive inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient incredible incurable independent ineffective informal invisible irregular irremovable irrespective irresponsible misfortune misguide midinterpret mislead misread mistrust misunderstand misuse nonmetal noncooperation noninvolvement unable unacceptable unaware unbalance unbreakable uncertain unchangeable uncomfortable undecided unemployed undetermined undeveloped unearth uneconomical unfold unpack untie (2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有： a.前缀anti anti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialist anti-Japanese War b.前缀auto autobiography autography c.前缀bi- bicentury bilingual
构词法练习及其答案
高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 一．合成Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 (4)合成adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （6）合成介词inside在……里二、派生Derivation
三、转化 Conversion : 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone 电话—打电话, mirror 镜 子—像镜子一样反映, drink 喝—饮料, record 录音—记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect 完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front 前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领 训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child ，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem ，Jack looked_______about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D. pridely 8.To everyone ’s ________, the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh ，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write______ _passage in English? A.600 words ；a 600-words B.600-word ；a 600-words C.600 words ；a 600-word D.600 words ；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11You must come with us to the police _______.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident ；you did it ________.A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The_______ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,tely https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,test https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,ter https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f6966622.html,tter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________. A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an________country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________. A.foolish ；foolishly ；fool B.fool ；foolish ；fool C.foolish ；fool ；fool D.foolishly ；foolish ；fool 20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________. A.valuable B.value C.valueless D.unvaluable
整理高中英语构词法讲解与练习
高中英语构词法讲解与练习 一.类别 英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。 二.定义与精讲 1.转化法 英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 ①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如： Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 ②有时意思有一定变化，如： He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 ③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如： Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 2)名词转化为动词 ①很多表示物件，如 Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? ②身体部位，如： Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。 ③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如： She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 ④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如： We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如： We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5)形容词转化为名词 ①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如： You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服
(完整word版)英语构词法练习题基础篇.docx
英语构词法练习题一、基础练习 A: 名词后加“y”变成形容词 sun---_________( rain ---________( health ---________( luck ---__________( B: 名词后加“-ful” )wind ---__________()cloud---__________() )snow ---__________()fun---__________() )noise ---__________()salt---__________() )sleep ---__________()sand---__________() -less“”变成形容词 care ---__________()__________() use---__________()__________() colour---__________() _________() help---__________() __________() hope ---__________()__________() harm---__________() __________() success---________()wonder---_______()peace---__________() sleep ---__________()home---__________()value---__________() C:名词后加“-ern ”变成形容词 east---______()west ---_______()south---_______() north---__________() D:名词后加“-al”变成形容词 person---__________()education---__________()tradition---__________() medicine---__________()music ---__________()nature---__________() E:名词后加“-ly”变成形容词 friend---___________() love---___________() week---__________() F:名词后加“--ous”变成形容词 danger---___________() mystery---___________() fame---__________() G:名词后加“-en”变成形容词 wool---___________() wood---___________() gold---__________() H:名词转化为形容词的不规则变化 energy---___________() athlete---___________() hunger---___________() pride---___________()death---___________()science---___________() knowledge---___________() anger---___________() Africa---___________() America---___________()Asia---___________() Australia---___________() I:动词变名词 ① work---________( 工作者 ) sing---________( 歌手 ) teach---_________( 教师 ) drive---_________( 司机 ) write---________( 作家 ) dance---_________( 舞蹈家 )win---_________( 获胜者 ) run---___________( 赛跑者 ) swim---_________( 游泳者 )act---_________( 演员 ) collect---__________( 收藏家 ) direct---___________( 主管 ) visit---_________( 参观者 ) invent---_________( 发明家 ) translate---_______ _(翻译家 ) ②educate---___________( 教育 ) describe---___________( 描述 ) predict---___________( 预言 ) collect---___________( 收藏 ) invent---___________( 发明 ) build---___________( 建筑物 ) ③mean---___________( 意思 ) meet---___________( 会议 ) cross---___________( 路口 ) turn---___________( 转弯处 ) decide---___________( 决定 ) die---___________( 死亡 ) ④fly---___________( 飞行 ) know---___________( 知识 ) please---___________( 高兴 ) pronounce---___________( 发音 ) mix---___________( 混合物 ) J：形容词的两种形式—ing/— ed