医用英语练习
Chapter Review 1-1
Fill in the blanks:
1. A root with a vowel added to aid in pronunciation is called a(n) _____.
2. A word part that comes before a root is a(n) _____ .
3. Combine the word parts dia-, meaning “through,” and -rhea, meaning “flow,” to form a word meaning “passage of fluid stool.” _____
4. Combine the root psych, meaning “mind,” with the suffix -logy, meaning “study of,” to form a word meaning “study of the mind.” _____
Multiple choice: Select the best answer and write the letter to the left of each number.
_____ 5. Which of the following is a compound word?
a. urinary
b. skeletal
c. gastrointestinal
d. coronary
e. artery
_____ 6. The adjective for thorax is
a. thoraxic
b. thoracic
c. thoral
d. thorial
e. thoraxial
_____ 7. An acronym is formed from
a. a proper name
b. Latin or Greek
c. a compound word
d. the first letter of each word in a phrase
e. two or more roots
Case Study 1-1: Multiple Health Problems
Secondary to Injury
D.S., a 28-year-old woman, was treated for injuries sustained in a train derailment accident. During the course of her treatment, she was seen by several specialists. For pain in her knee and hip joints, she was referred to an orthopedist. For migraine headaches and blurry vision, she consulted a neurologist. For pain on urination and occasional bloody urine, she saw a urologist. Later, for a persistent dry cough and problems resulting from a fractured nose, she was referred to an otorhinolaryngologist. During her initial course of treatment, she had a CT scan of her abdomen and brain and an MRI of her hip and knee. Both imaging studies required her to lie motionless on her back for 45 minutes.Several months after the accident, D.S. was still experiencing some discomfort, and she decided to investigate alternative therapies. She made an appointment with a naturist practitioner who specialized inhomeopathy and herbal medicine. Before her appointment, she browsed in the Nutra-Medica Shop, which carried nutritional supplements, vitamin and mineral products, homeopathic remedies, and herbal formulas.She planned to ask the therapist about some of the products that she saw there, which included remedies with the trade names Pneumogen, Arthogesia-Plus, Renovite, Nephrostat, and Hematone.
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
Multiple choice: Select the best answer and write the letter to the left of each number.
_____ 1. The -ist in the word neurologist is a:
a. prefix
b. root
c. suffix
d. combining form
e. conjunction
_____ 2. Endo- in endoscopic is a:
a. root
b. suffix
c. combining form
d. prefix
e. derivation
_____ 3. MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. This term represents a(n):
a. combining form
b. acronym
c. prefix
d. suffix
e. abbreviation
_____ 4. D.S. needed plastic surgery on her nose to repair the postfracture deformity. This procedure is called a(n):
a. septoscope
b. rhinoplasty
c. neurectomy
d. cardioplasty
e. rhinitis
_____ 5. Several of the radiological imaging studies required D.S. to lie on her back for 45 minutes. This position is referred to as:
a. supine
b. prone
c. lateral recumbent
d. lithotomy
e. Trendelenburg
_____ 6. The products Renovite and Nephrostat are named for their action on the:
a. lung
b. nerves
c. liver
d. heart
e. kidney
____ 7. The pn in Pneumogen is pronounced as:
a. p d.up
b. pa e.f
c. n
Fill in the blanks.
8. Use Appendix 4 to find roots that mean blood. __________________________________
9. Use the index to find the chapter that contains information on imaging techniques.
10. Use the flash cards at the back of this book to find the meaning of the word part endo-._________
11. Another word part with the same meaning as endo- is __________________________________
12. Use Appendix 3 to look up the meaning of the roots in otorhinolaryngology.
ot/o __________________________________
rhino __________________________________
laryng/o __________________________________
13. Use Appendix 3 to find the meaning of the word part homeo-_________________.
14. When the word larynx has a suffix added, the x is changed to a______________.
15. Appendix 2 tells you that the abbreviation CT in CT scan means________________.
C H A P T E R 1 Answer Section
Answers to Chapter Exercises Array 1. combining form
2. Prefix
3. Diarrhea
4. Psychology
5-7. c b d
8. dis-FUNK-shun
9. RU-ma-toyd
10. kron-o LOJ-ik
11. FAR-inks
12. narcotic
13. nitrogen
14. surface
15. vascular
16. thoracic
Chapter Review 2-1
Identify the suffix that means “condition of” in each of the following words:
1. egotism
2. anemia
3. stenosis (
4. dystrophy (
5. acidosis
6. anesthesia
Give the suffix in the f ollowing words that means “specialty” or “specialist”:
7. psychiatry
8. orthopedist
9. obstetrics
10. urology
Give the name of the specialist in each of the following fields:
11. pediatrics
12. dermatology
13. pharmacy
14. gynecology
Identify the adjec tive suffix in each of the following words that means “pertaining to” or “resembling”:
15. physiologic
16. local
17. cutaneous
18. lymphoid
19. cellular
20. basic
21. salivary
22. oral
23. rheumatoid
24. virile
25. anatomical
26. circular
27. exploratory
Write the plural for each of the following words. The word ending is underlined:
28. patella (kneecap)
29. prognosis (prediction of disease outcome)
30. bacterium (type of microorganism)
31. fungus (simple, nongreen plant)
32. protozoon (single-celled animal)
33. pharynx (throat)
34. apex (high point; tip)
Write the singular form for each of the following words. The word ending is underlined:
35. foramina (openings)
36. nuclei (center; core)
37. ganglia (small masses of nerve tissue)
38. vertebrae (spinal bones)
39. indices (directories; lists)
40. carcinomata (cancers)
Case Study 2-1: Health Problems on Return
From the Rain Forest
E.G., a 39-year-old archaeologist and university professor, returned from a 6-month expedition in the rain forest of South America suffering from a combination of physical symptoms and conditions that would not subside on their own. He was fatigued, yet unable to sleep through the night. He also had a mild fever, night sweats, occasional dizziness, double vision, and mild crampy abdominal pain accompanied by intermittent diarrhea. In addition, he had a nonhealing wound on his ankle from an insect bite. He made an appointment with his family doctor, an internist.On examination, E.G. was febrile (feverish) with a temperature of 101°
F. His heart and lungs were normal,with a slightly elevated
heart rate. His abdomen was tender to palpation (touch), and his bowel sounds were active and gurgling to auscultation (listening with a stethoscope). His skin was dry and warm.He had symmetrical areas of edema (swelling) around both knees and tenderness over both patellae (kneecaps). The ulceration on his left lateral ankle had a ring of necrosis (tissue death) surrounding an area of granulation tissue. There was a small amount of purulent (pus-containing) drainage.E.G.’s doctor ordered a series of hematology lab studies and stool cultures for ova and parasites. The doctor suspected a viral disease, possibly carried by mosquitoes, indigenous to tropical rain forests. He also suspected a form of dysentery typically caused by protozoa. E.G. was also possibly anemic, dehydrated,and septic (infected). The doctor was confident that after definitive diagnosis and treatment, E.G. would gain relief from his insomnia, diplopia (double vision), and dizziness.
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
Multiple choice: Select the best answer and write the letter to the left of each number.
_____ 1. Diplopia, the condition of having double vision, has the suffix:
a. lopia
b. opia
c. ia
d. pia
e. plopia
_____ 2. The adjective septic is formed from the noun:
a. sepsis
b. septosis
c. septemia
d. septery
e. anemia
_____ 3. E.G. was suspected of having anemia (diminished hemoglobin). The adjective form of the noun anemia is _____________, and the field of health science devoted to the study of blood
is called _______________.
a. anemic; hematology
b. hematosis; hematism
c. dehemia; hematomegaly
d. anemic; parasitology
e. microhematic; hemacology
Write the suffix that means “condition of” in each of the following words:
4. necrosis
5. dysentery
6. insomnia
Write the adjective ending of each of the following words:
7. febrile
8. symmetrical
9. anemic
Write the singular form of each of the following words:
10. patellae
11. ova
12. protozoa
Write a word from the case study that means each of the following:
13. The word virus used as an adjective
14. The noun form of the adjective necrotic
15. Expert in the field of archeology
16. Expert in the field of internal medicine
17. The noun abdomen used as an adjective
Answers to Chapter Exercises
EXERCISE 2-1
1. -ism
2. -y
3. -ia
4. -ism
5. -sis, -osis
6. -sis, -asis
7. -ia
8. -sis, -osis
9. -y
EXERCISE 2-2
1. -ist
2. -logy
3. -iatrics
4. -ist
5. -iatry
6. anatomist
7. pediatrician
8. radiologist
9. orthodontist
Answers to Case Study Questions
1. c
2. a
3. a
4. -sis
5. -y
6. -ia
7. -ile
8. -ical
9. -ic
10. patella
11. ovum
12. protozoon
13. viral
14. necrosis
15. archeologist
16. internist
17. abdominal
Fill in the blanks:
1. Monoclonal refers to a colony (clone) derived from_____ cell(s).
2. The quadriceps (KWAD-ri-seps) muscle has _______________________ part(s).
3. To unify means to make two or more parts into ____________________ part(s).
4. The term semilunar means _____________________ moon(s).
5. A dichotomy has __________________ part(s).
6. A multicellular organism has ___________________________________ cell(s).
7. A tetralogy is composed of ____________ elements or factors.
8. A triangle has _________________________ angle(s).
9. Bipolar means having _______________ pole(s).
Give a prefix that is similar in meaning to each of the following:
10. bi- ___________________________________
11. poly- ___________________________________
12. semi- ___________________________________
13. mon/o ___________________________________
Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number: _____ 1. melanocyte
a. pertaining to bluish discoloration
_____ 2. xanthoma
b. redness of the skin
_____ 3. cyanotic
c. yellow raised area on the skin
_____ 4. erythroderma
d. cell that produces dark pigment
_____ 5. leukemia
e. overgrowth of white blood cells
Identify and define the prefix in each of the following words:
Prefix Meaning of Prefix
1. amorphous (without form) (root morph/o) a- not, without, lack of, absence (a-MOR-fus)
2. antibody
3. amnesia
4. disintegrate
5. contralateral
6. incontinent
7. dehumidify
8. noncontributory
Add a prefix to form the negative of each of the following words:
9. coordinated uncoordinated
10. adequate
11. infect
12. permeable (capable of being penetrated)
13. congestant
14. compatible
Identify and define the prefix in each of the following words:
Prefix Meaning of Prefix
1. perforate _______ ___________________________________
2. adjacent _______ ___________________________________
3. abnormal _______ ___________________________________
4. diarrhea _______ ___________________________________
5. transfer _______ ___________________________________
Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:
_____ 1. pandemic (pan-DEM-ik) a. located at the surface (above other structures) _____ 2. hyposecretion b. less than the normal number of teeth
_____ 3. Hypertension c. underproduction of a substance
_____ 4. oligodontia d. disease affecting an entire population
_____ 5. superficial e. high blood pressure
Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:
_____ 1. Reflux a. an irregularly shaped cell
_____ 2. orthodontic b. pertaining to normal body temperature
_____ 3. Pseudoreaction c. backward flow
_____ 4. Poikilocyte d. false response
_____ 5. Normothermic e. pertaining to straight teeth
Identify and define the prefix in each of the following words:
Prefix Meaning of Prefix
6. equidistant _______ ___________________________________
7. orthopedics _______ ___________________________________
8. recuperate _______ ___________________________________
9. euthyroidism _______ ___________________________________
10. neocortex _______ ___________________________________
11. megacolon _______ ___________________________________
12. isometric _______ ___________________________________
Write the opposite of each of the following words:
13. heterogeneous (composed of different materials) ___________________________________
14. macroscopic (visible with the naked eye) ___________________________________ Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:
1. postnasal a. throwing or extending forward
2. antecedent b. occurring before the proper time
3. projection c. behind the nose
4. premature d. before birth
5. prenatal e. occurring before another event
Identify and define the prefix in each of the following words:
Prefix Meaning of Prefix
6. premenstrual
7. post-traumatic
8. progenitor
9. antedate
Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number: _____ 1. Endonasal a. placement of the heart outside its normal position
_____ 2. Syndrome b. middle layer of the developing embryo
_____ 3. Mesoderm c. the last stage of cell division
_____ 4. Ectocardia d. within the nose
_____ 5. Telophase e. group of symptoms occurring together
Identify and define the prefix in each of the following words:
Prefix Meaning of Prefix
6. synthesis _______ ___________________________________
7. extract _______ ___________________________________
8. ectopic _______ ___________________________________
9. symbiosis _______ ___________________________________
10. endoplasm _____ ___________________________________
Write the opposite of each of the following words:
11. exogenous (outside the organism) ___________________________________
12. sinistromanual (left handed) ___________________________________
13. endoderm (outermost layer of the embryo) ___________________________________
Chapter Review 3-1
Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number: _____ 1. Primary a. one half or one side of the chest
_____ 2. Trisect b. having many forms
_____ 3. unilateral c. to cut into three parts
_____ 4. Polymorphous d. pertaining to one side
_____ 5. hemithorax e. first
_____ 6. Neonate a. cell with yellow color
_____ 7. melanoma b. through the skin
_____ 8. Xanthocyte c. dark tumor
_____ 9. percutaneous d. a newborn
_____ 10. leukoderma e. loss of color in the skin
_____ 11. heterothermic a. endbrain
_____ 12. mesencephalon b. having varying body temperature
_____ 13. panplegia c. total paralysis
_____ 14. telencephalon d. correcting or preventing deformities
_____ 15. orthopedic e. midbrain
Match each of the following prefixes with its meaning:
_____ 16. oligo- a. equal, same
_____ 17. pseudo- b. right
_____ 18. eu- c. few, scanty
_____ 19. iso- d. good, true, easy
_____ 20. dextro- e. false
Fill in the blanks:
21. A monocular microscope has ___________________________________ eyepiece(s).
22. To bisect is to cut into ___________________________________ parts.
23. A quadruped animal has ___________________________________ feet.
24. Sinistrad means toward the ___________________________________.
25. A triad has ___________________________________ part(s).
26. A unicellular organism is composed of ___________________________________ cell(s).
27. A diatomic molecule has ___________________________________ atom(s).
28. A tetralogy is composed of ___________________________________ part(s).
Identify and define the prefix in each of the following words:
Prefix Meaning of Prefix
29. nonexistent _______ ___________________________________
30. transmit _______ ___________________________________
31. equivalent _______ ___________________________________
32. react _______ ___________________________________
33. exhale _______ ___________________________________
34. absent _______ ___________________________________
35. contraindication _______ ___________________________________
36. detoxify _______ ___________________________________
37. predict _______ ___________________________________
38. perforate _______ ___________________________________
39. adduct _______ ___________________________________
40. dialyze _______ ___________________________________
41. antiserum _______ ___________________________________
42. microsurgery _______ ___________________________________
43. disease _______ ___________________________________
44. ectoparasite _______ ___________________________________
45. symbiotic ____ ___________________________________
46. prognosis ______ ___________________________________
47. inadequate _______ ___________________________________
Opposites. Write a word that means the opposite of each of the following:
48. responsive ___________________________________
49. mature ___________________________________
50. active ___________________________________
51. sufficient ___________________________________
52. exotoxin ___________________________________
53. macroscopic ___________________________________
54. homograft ___________________________________
55. hypoactive ___________________________________
56. preoperative ___________________________________
Synonyms. Write a word that means the same as each of the following:
57. supersensitivity ___________________________________
58. megalocyte (extremely large red blood cell) ___________________________________
59. antenatal ___________________________________
60. equilateral (having equal sides) ___________________________________
Case Study 3-1: Displaced Fracture of the Femoral Neck
While walking home from the train station, M.A., a 72-year-old woman with osteoporosis, tripped over a broken curb and fell. In the emergency department, she was assessed for severe pain, swelling, and bruising of her left thigh. A radiograph showed a displaced left femoral neck fracture. M.A. was pre- pared for surgery and given a preoperative injection of an analgesic to relieve her pain.Intraoperatively, she was given spinal anesthesia and positioned on an operating room table, with her left hip elevated
on a small pillow. Intravenous antibiotics were given before the incision. Her left hip was repaired with a bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Postoperative care included maintaining the left hip in abduction, blood and fluid replacement, physical therapy, and vigilance for development of avascular necrosis and possible
dislocation.
Case Study 3-2: Intertrochanteric Fracture
A.R., age 88, slipped on the wet grass and fell while gardening in his back yard. His neighbor was unable to help him to a standing position and called for an ambulance. A.R. had excruciating pain in his right leg, which was externally rotated, slightly shorter than his left leg, and adducted. Preoperative radiographs showed a non-displaced right intertrochanteric fracture. Intraoperatively, Mr. R. was given spinal anesthesia and positioned on an orthopedic table with his right hip abducted and secured in traction. He had an open reduction and internal fixation with a compression screw and side plate with screws. His postoperative recovery was unremarkable, although he was at risk for deep vein thrombosis, that is, blood clots in his legs. He was discharged to a rehabilitation facility for several weeks of physical therapy and assistance with activities of daily living, such as personal hygiene, dressing, eating, ambulating, and toileting.
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
Write a word from the case histories that means the same as each of the following:
1. replacement of half of the joint component ___________________________________
2. substances that act against microorganisms ___________________________________
3. in a position away from the midline of the body ___________________________________
4. position toward the midline of the body ___________________________________
Identify and define the prefixes in the following words:
Prefix Meaning of Prefix
5. displace and dislocate _______ ______________________________
6. replacement, recovery, and rehabilitation _______ ______________________________
7. avascular _______ ______________________________
8. anesthesia and analgesic _______ ______________________________
9. orthopedic _______ ______________________________
10. externally _______ ______________________________
11. bipolar _______ ______________________________
12. unremarkable _______ ______________________________
Fill in the blanks:
13. The adjective for the operative time span from decision for surgery to placement on the operating room table is ___________________________________.
14. The adjective for the operative time span from placement on the operating room table until transfer to postanesthesia recovery unit or intensive care unit is ___________________________________. 15. The adjective for the operative time span from admission to postanesthesia is________
10. neo-; new
11. mega-; large, abnormally large
12. iso-; equal, same
13. homogeneous
14. microscopic
C H A P T E R 3 Answer Section
EXERCISE 3-1 Array 1. one
2. four
3. one
4. half
5. two
6. many
7. four
8. three
9. two
10. di-
11. multi-
12. hemi-
13. uni
EXERCISE 3-2
1. d
2. c
3. a
4. b
5. e
EXERCISE 3-3
1. a-; not, without, lack of, absence
2. anti-; against, opposite
3. a-; not, without (root mnem/o means “memory”)
4. dis-; absence, removal, separation
5. contra-; against
6. in-; not
7. de-; down, without, removal, loss
8. non-; not
9. uncoordinated
10. inadequate
11. disinfect
12. impermeable
13. decongestant
14. incompatible
Answers to Chapter Review 3-1
1. e
2. c
3. d
4. b
5. a
6. d
7. c
8. a
9. b
10. e
11. b
12. e
13. c
14. a
15. d
16. c
17. e
18. d
19. a
20. b
21. one
22. two
23. four
24. left
25. three
26. one
27. two
28. four
29. non-; not
Fill in the blanks:
1. Karyomegaly is enlargement (-megaly) of the ___________________________________.
2. Adenitis is in.ammation (-itis) of a ___________________________________.
3. A papilla (pa-PIL-a) is a projection that resembles a(n) ___________________________________.
4. A .bril is a small ___________________________________.
5. Histogenesis is the formation (-genesis) of ___________________________________.
6. A myxoma is a tumor of tissue that secretes ___________________________________.
7. The term reticular means resembling or pertaining to a(n)___________________________.
8. A dimorphic organism has two ___________________________________.
9. The term mucosa is used to describe a membrane that secretes___________________________.
10. Nucleoplasm is the material that .lls the ___________________________________.
11. Somatotropin also called growth hormone, has a general stimulating effect on the______.
Use the suf.x -logy to build a word with each of the following meanings:
12. The study of cells ___________________________________
13. The study of tissues ___________________________________
14. The study of form ___________________________________
Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number:
_____ 1. erythroblast a. organism capable of manufacturing its own food
_____ 2. Hypertrophy b. formation of a nucleus
_____ 3. phagocytosis c. increased growth of tissue
_____ 4. Karyogenesis d. ingestion of waste by a cell
_____ 5. autotroph e. immature red blood cell
_____ 6. somatotropic a. attracting color
_____ 7. Chromophilic b. acting on the body
_____ 8. neoplasia c. substance that acts on the sex glands
_____ 9. aplasia d. new formation of tissue
_____ 10. gonadotropin e. lack of development
Identify and de.ne the root in each of the following words:
Root Meaning of Root
11. esophagus (e-SOF-a-gus) _______ ___________________________________
12. normoblast (NOR-mo_-blast) _______ ___________________________________
13. dystrophy (DIS-tro_-f ) _______ ___________________________________
14. aplastic (a-PLAS-tik) _______ ___________________________________
15. regenerate_______ ___________________________________
Fill in the blanks:
1. Amylase (AM-i-la_s) is an enzyme that digests ___________________________________.
2. The ending -ose indicates that maltose is a(n) ___________________________________.
3. Glucogenesis (gl u-ko-JEN-e-sis) is the formation of ___________________________________.
4. Hydrotherapy is treatment using ___________________________________.
5. Liposuction is the surgical removal of ___________________________________.
6. Adipose tissue stores ___________________________________.
Identify and de.ne the root in each of the following words:
Root Meaning of Root
7. glucolytic (glu_-ko_-LIT-ik) _______ ___________________________________
8. asteatosis (as-te -a-TO_-sis) _______ ___________________________________
9. normoglycemia (nor-mo_-gli-SE_-me_-a) _______ ___________________________________
10. lipoma (l i_-PO_-ma) _______ ___________________________________
Diagram of a Typical Animal Cell
Write the name of each numbered part on the corresponding line of the answer sheet.
Chapter Review 4-1
Match the following terms and write the appropriate letter to the left of each number: _____ 1. ribosomes a. genetic material _____ 2. ATP b. state of internal stability _____ 3. Homeostasis c. organelles that contain RNA _____ 4. DNA d. a type of connective tissue _____ 5. Cartilage e. energy compound of the cells _____ 6. Cytoplasm a. organelles that produce ATP _____ 7. metabolism b. immature red blood cell _____ 8. Mitochondria c. material that .lls the cell _____ 9. Erythroblast d. cell division
_____ 10. mitosis e. all the activities of the cell _____ 11. Megakaryocyte a. resembling a gland _____ 12. Reticulocyte b. .brous tumor _____ 13. Chromosome c. cell with a very large nucleus _____ 14. adenoid d. cell that contains a network _____ 15. .broma e. structure that contains genes _____ 16. .broplasia a. without form _____ 17. Amorphous b. wasting of tissue _____ 18. Papillary c. attracting basic stain _____ 19. atrophy d. formation of .brous tissue _____ 20. Basophilic e. like or resembling a nipple _____ 21. hyperplasia a. resembling mucus _____ 22. Hypoglycemia b. low blood sugar _____ 23. Amylase c. enzyme that digests fat
_____ 24. mucoid d. overdevelopment of an organ or tissue _____ 25. Lipase e. enzyme that digests starch _____ 26. Proteolytic a. pertaining to the body and the mind _____ 27. Nucleosome b. destroying or dissolving protein _____ 28. Somatotropic c. cell that contains fat _____ 29. Adipocyte
d. small body in the nucleus
_____ 30. Somatopsychic e. acting on the body SUPPLEMENTARY TERMS
_____ 31. Catabolism a. building phase of metabolism
_____ 32. Collagen b. outer region of an organ
_____ 33. amino acid c. building block of protein
_____ 34. anabolism d. .brous protein in connective tissue
_____ 35. Cortex e. breakdown phase of metabolism
Fill in the blanks:
36. The four basic tissue types are ___________________________________________.
37. The simple sugar that is the main energy source for metabolism is_________________________.
38. The control center of the cell is the ___________________________________________________.
39. The number of chromosomes in each human cell aside from the sex cells is __________________.
40. An organic compound that speeds the rate of metabolic reactions is a(n) _____________________.
41. Karyomegaly is enlargement (-megaly) of the _____________________________.
42. A cytotoxic substance is damaging or poisonous to _________________________________.
43. The term hydration refers to the relative amount of ________________________________.
44. Adiposuria is the presence in the urine of ___________________________________.
45. A myxocyte is found in tissue that secretes ________________________________________. Word building. Write a word for each of the following de.nitions:
46. The study of form and structure ________________________________________________.
47. The study of tissues _________________________________________________________.
48. The formation of cells ___________________________________________.
49. An enzyme that digests proteins_______________________________________________.
Case Study 4-1: Hematology Laboratory Studies
J.E. had a blood test as required for preoperative anesthesia assessment in preparation for scheduled plastic surgery on her breasts. The report read as follows:
Complete blood count (CBC) and differential
Red blood cell count (RBC)—4.5 million/μL
Hemoglobin (Hgb)—12.6 g/dL
Hematocrit (Hct)—38%
White blood cell count (WBC)—8,500/μL
Neutrophils—58%
Lymphocytes—34%
Monocytes—6%
Eosinophils—2%
Basophils—0.5%
Platelet count—200,000/μL
Prothrombin time (PT)—11.5 seconds
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)—65 seconds
Blood glucose—84 mg/dL
The surgeon reviewed these results and concluded that they were within normal limits (WNL). Case Study 4-2: Pathology Laboratory Tests
R.C., the manager of the clinical and pathology laboratory, received several surgical specimens taken from a 26-year-old female patient with a 4-week history of nonspeci.c pelvic pain. The specimens included several small containers of pink-tinged cloudy .uid labeled pelvic lavage (washing) for cytology, which R.C. took to the cytology laboratory to be made into slides and checked microscopically for abnormal cells. R.C. also received a tissue specimen labeled uterine myoma, a wedge biopsy of right ovarian neoplasm, and four jars each labeled pelvic lymph nodes. She took all of the tissue specimens to the pathology laboratory for gross and microscopic evaluation. A test tube
half-.lled with a cloudy gel and a cotton-tipped applicator labeled swab of pelvic .uid for culture and sensitivity and Gram stain was taken to the microbiology laboratory to be streaked on a culture plate and incubated to look for growth. Any organisms that grew out would be Gram-stained and tested for sensitivity to antibiotics that might be used in treatment. The laboratory form was accompanied by a surgeon’s note stating that the patient’s preoperative diagnosis was cervical dysplasia with atypical cells and a positive urine leukocyte esterase, indicating a urinary tract infection. R.C. placed a copy of the laboratory forms and surgeon’s note on the desk of the pathologist who was involved in carcinogenesis (cancer) research.
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
Multiple choice: Select the best answer and write the letter to the left of each number.
____1. J.E.’s blood test results were within normal limits. She could be described as being in a state of:
a. normosmosis
b. dysplasia
c. homeostasis
d. hematophilia
e. myogenesis
_____ 2. The suf.x in glucose indicates that this compound is a:
a. cervix
b. enzyme
c. protein
d. sugar
e. fat
_____ 3. The suf.x in esterase indicates that this compound is a:
a. sugar
b. carbohydrate
c. cell
d. enzyme
e. lipid
_____ 4. The root gen in carcinogenesis refers to a cancer’s:
a. origin
b. treatment
c. location
d. laboratory results
e. severity
Identify and give the meaning of the pre.xes in each of the following words:
Pre.x Meaning of Pre.x
5. monocytes _______ ___________________________________
6. prothrombin _______ ___________________________________
7. neoplasm _______ ___________________________________
8. atypical _______ ___________________________________
9. leukocyte _______ ___________________________________ Find words in the case studies for the following:
10. Three words that contain a root that means attract, absorb
____________________________
11. Three words with a root that means formation, molding, development _____________________
12. Four words with a root that means cell
Answers to Chapter Exercises
EXERCISE 4-1
1. nucleus
2. gland
3. nipple
4. .ber
5. tissue
6. mucus
7. network
8. forms
9. mucus
10. nucleus
11. body
12. cytology
13. histology
14. morphology
EXERCISE 4-2
1. e
2. c
3. d
4. b
5. a
6. b
7. a
8. d
9. e
10. c
11. phag/o; eat, ingest
12. blast; immature cell, productive cell
13. troph; feeding, growth, nourishment
14. plas; formation, molding, development
15. gen; origin, formation
Write the adjective that .ts each of the following de.nitions.
The correct suf.x is given in parentheses.
1. Pertaining to (-ic) the head cephalic
2. Pertaining to (-ic) the chest
3. Pertaining to (-al) the neck
4. Pertaining to (-ar) the lower back
5. Pertaining to (-al) the abdomen
Fill in the blanks:
6. Peritonitis is in.ammation (-itis) of the ___________________________________.
7. Celiocentesis is surgical puncture (centesis) of the______________________________.
Fill in the blanks:
1. Acrokinesia is excess motion (-kinesia) of the ___________________________________.
2. Animals that brachiate such as monkeys, swing from place to place using their__.
3. A dactylospasm (DAK-til-o-spazm) is a cramp (spasm) of the ______________________________.
4. The term brachiocephalic refers to the ___________________________________.
5. Podiatry is a specialty that treats problems of the ___________________________________.
6. A bipedal animal has two ___________________________________.
Synonyms. Write a word that has the same meaning as each of the words below:
1. circumoral perioral
2. subscapular
3. circumocular
4. infracostal
Opposites. Write a word that means the opposite of each of the following words:
5. infrapatellar
6. intracellular
De.ne each of the following terms:
7. paranasal
8. retrouterine
9. suprapelvic
10. intravascular
Refer to Figures 5-6 and 5-7 to de.ne the following terms:
11. supracervical _________________________________________________
12. interphalangeal_________________________________________________________________
13. epicranial ___________________________________________________________
14. infraumbilical (in-fra-um-BIL-i-kal) ______________________________________________
15. parasacral _______________________________________________________________
Directional Terms
Write the name of each numbered part on the corresponding line of the answer sheet.
Side View of the Body Cavities
Write the name of each numbered part on the corresponding line of the answer sheet.
The Nine Regions of the Abdomen
Write the name of each numbered part on the corresponding line of the answer sheet.