英语词汇学_习题集1(含答案)
《英语词汇学》课程习题集
一、Rewriting the short paragraph
1. First Version
Even since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.
Second Version
Ever since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four times a week at our little local theatre.
2. First Version
“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATIENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”
Second Version
“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”
3. First Version
Then she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second Version
Then she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her that her speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.
4. First Version
She was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.
Second Version
She was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the other side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.
5. First Version
There was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.
Second Version
The stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in
____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.
二、Multiple choices
6. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
7. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
8. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
9. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?
A. ig-
B. ir-
C. il-
D. im-
10. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?
A. books
B. pigs
C. horses
D. expense
11. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
12. According to ______, there is not an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
13. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
14. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
15. According to ______, there is not an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.
A. naturalists
B. anthropologists
C. linguists
D. conventionalists
16. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
17. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
18.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
19. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
20.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. conversion
D. acronym
21. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
22. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
23. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
24. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
25. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?
A. stem
B. root
C. base
D. affix
26.The word “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of seman tic change called _____.
A. elevation
B. degeneration
C. extension
D. restriction
27.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.
A. extension
B. restriction
C. degeneration
D. elevation
28.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.
A. extension
B. restriction
C. degeneration
D. elevation
29.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.
A. extension
B. restriction
C. degeneration
D. elevation
30.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.
A. extension
B. restriction
C. degeneration
D. elevation
31. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
32. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
33. The English vocabulary is characterized by the strong influence of French _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
34. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
35. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.
A. from 1100 to 1500 AD
B. from 1500 to 1700 AD
C. from 450 to 1100 AD
D. from 1700 to 1900 AD
36.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
37. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
38. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
39. The word “base” meaning “the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
40. The word “son” meaning “one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.
A. homophones
B. perfect homonyms
C. homographs
D. polysemic words
41. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. hyponymy
B. synonymy
C. antonymy
D. polysemy
42. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. antonymy
B. synonymy
C. hyponymy
D. polysemy
43. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. hyponymy
B. synonymy
C. polysemy
D. antonymy
44. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. hyponymy
B. polysemy
C. antonymy
D. synonymy
45. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.
A. hyponymy
B. synonymy
C. polysemy
D. antonymy
46.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.
A. separation
B. addition
C. abbreviation
D. extension
47.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.
A. separation
B. replacement
C. abbreviation
D. extension
48.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.
A. separation
B. omission
C. abbreviation
D. extension
49.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.
A. separation
B. replacement
C. abbreviation
D. extension
50. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?
A. comparison
B. rhyme
C. alliteration
D. repetition
51. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. Stylistic meaning
D. Affective meaning
52. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. grammatical meaning
D. lexical meaning
53. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. Stylistic meaning
D. Affective meaning
54._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. Stylistic meaning
D. Affective meaning
55. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.
A. Denotative meaning
B. Connotative meaning
C. Stylistic meaning
D. Affective meaning
三、Terms
56. proverb
absolute synonym
57. function words
onomatopoeic words
58. homonymy
degradation
59. metaphor
prefixation
60. polysemy
elevation of meaning
四、Questions
61. How is American English related to British English?
What is the vital role of context?
62. What are the differences between American English and British English?
How are the sound and meaning of most words related?
63. What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? How can context help us determine the meaning of a word?
64. What is the relationship between American English and British English?
What is the difference between conversion and suffixation?
65. Why is American English considered a kind of regional dialect of English?
What are the types of context?
五、Word-building processes
（略）……
答案
一、Rewriting the short paragraph
1. 1. childhood
2. act
3. prettier
4. luck
5. performances
2. 1. confidence 2. ability
3. impatient
4. succeed
5. achievement
3. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused
4. director
5. movement
4. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful
5. slip
5. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished
二、Multiple choices
6. C
7. C
8. C
9. A
10. D
11. A
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. C
19. C
20. C
21. A
22. C
23. B
24. C
25. B
26. D
27. A
28. A
29. B
30. D
31. B
32. A
33. A
34. B
35. B
36. C
37. C
38. B
39. B
40. A
41. D
42. D
43. C
44. B
45. C
46. C
47. B
48. A
49. D
50. D
51. A
52. C
53. B
54. C
55. D
三、Terms
56. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressing
a fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.
e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / The early bird catches the worm.
absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.
e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.
57. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t have
much lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.
onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.
e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.
58.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.
e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / bare
degradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.
e.g. genteel, terrific, accident
59. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.
e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoe
prefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.
e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart
60. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.
e.g. rich, full, get
elevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd
四、Questions
61. How is American English related to British English?
British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.
What is the vital role of context?
The impact of context on word meaning can be seen in the following aspects: eliminating ambiguities arising from the polysemy and grammatical analysis of a sentence or a phrase, conveying emotional overtones and indicating referents and the range of the meaning.
62. What are the differences between American English and British English?
The chief differences in pronunciation lie in the vowel sounds. The American and British spelling systems are essentially the same except that the American variant is simpler than its English counterpart. Differences in grammar are few in number and trifling in nature. The differences of American and British vocabulary can be grouped into three categories: words
without counterparts, same word with different meanings and same idea for different words. How are the sound and meaning of most words related?
There are two linguistic schools concerning the relationship between sound and meaning. One is conventionalist and the other is naturalists. The latter school believes that there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and its meaning while the former not. Actually, most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbols. There is no way to explain why this or that sound-symbol has this or that meaning beyond the fact that the people of a given community have agreed to use one to designate the other.
63. What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words. The fundamental features of the basic word stock are as follows. The first one is national character. The second is stability. The third one is word-formation ability.
How can context help us determine the meaning of a word?
If one comes across a word with more than one meaning; only context can help you to select the exact meaning of the word from many choices. The same can be true of the grammatical structure which may confuse the readers. Furthermore, the real feeling of the writer can only be appreciated with the specific occasion how a word is used. Last, context does indicate referents and the range of the meaning of a word.
64. What is the relationship between American English and British English?
British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.
What is the difference between conversion and suffixation?
Conversion is different from suffixation. In suffixation, a suffix or a combining form is added to the base and the original word will undergo a change in word-class, semantic change and phonological change. In contrast to suffixation, conversion in most cases does change the word-class of the original word but not the meaning or sound. We do have cases where conversion results in not only change in word-class but also semantic change and phonological change. However, conversion differs from suffixation most in that there is not word form change in the former process, that is the form of the original word always remains same after conversion while there is always some addition to the original word after suffixation.
65. Why is American English considered a kind of regional dialect of English?
British English and American English are two dialects of English. The latter originated from the former and developed independently. These two variants of English differ from each other in areas like pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.
What are the types of context?
There are two types of context: linguistic or verbal contexts or extra-linguistic or non-verbal contexts. The linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical, grammatical and verbal context in its broad sense. The extra-linguistic context refers to the actual speech situation in which a
word occurs and the entire cultural background against which a word or an utterance or a speech event has to be set.
五、Word-building processes
（略）……
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《英语词汇学教程》论文(中文版)
英语词汇学论文(中文版) 单词记忆法细谈 一，读音规则记忆法 它就是按照元音字母、元音字母组合、辅音字母及辅音字母组合在开音节和闭音节的读音规律记忆。例如：ea，ee，er，ir，ur，or分别能发［i：］［：］［：］等。还有些固定的字母组合，例如：ing发［i］，ly发［li］，ty发［ti］和各种前缀、后缀，例如：a-，re-，un-，dis-，im-；-ed，-ing，-ly，-er，-or，-ful，-y等都有其比较固定的发音。掌握了这些规则，记单 词时就不必一个字母一个字母地记忆了。 二.字母变化记忆法 英语单词中以某个单词为基础，加、减、换、调一个字母就成了另一个新单词。具体方法 如下： 1.前面加字母。例如：is/his，ear/near/hear，read/bread 2.后面加字母。例如：hear/heart，you/your，plane/planet 3.中间加字母。例如：though/through，tree/three，for/four 4.减字母。例如：she/he，close/lose，star/tstar 5.换字母。例如：book/look/cook，cake/lake/wake/make/take 6.调字母（即改变字母顺序）。例如：blow/bowl，sing/sign， from/form 三.联想记忆法
在日常生活中可以根据所处的环境，所见到、所摸到的事物，联想相关的英语单词。例如： 打球时联想到：ball，(play)basketball，(play)football，(play)volleyball，playground等等；吃饭时联想到：dining-room，(have)breakfast，(have)lunch，(have)supper等等；睡觉 时联想到：bed，bedroom，gotobed，sleep，gotosleep，fallasleep等等。如果长期坚持下支，效果就会很好。 四.归类记忆法 众所周知，单词本身、单词与单词之间都存在着或多或少的联系，英语词汇中 有许多单词有着其近义词、反义词、一词多义、一词多音、同音词或形音形似词等内 在或外在的联系。因此，记忆单词的主要方法是把单词之间存在的这种联系挖掘归纳 出来，通过对比、对照的方式把学过的单词从各个方面进行归类 1.按词的构造归类 按词跟、前缀、后缀、合成词归类，找出词与词最本质 的联系。这种联系不仅使新词记得快、记得牢、记得久，而 且也同时复习了大量的旧词。合成词，如： schoolbag,school-boy,classroom,football,blackboard,etc. 前缀后缀词，如：unhappy,unhealthy,unfriendly,unlucky,worker,writer,visitor,us
英语词汇学第一章
Chapter 1 1.1 What Is a Word 词的概念：A word can be defined as a meaningful group of letters. （一个词可以被定义为一组有意义的字母） 词包含以下几点： ① a minimal free form of a language.一门语言中最小的形式 ② a sound unity.一个声音统一体 ③ a unit of meaning.一个意义单位 ④ a form that can function alone in a sentence.能在句子中起独立作用的一个形式 A word is a free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.词是一门语言中具有一定的声音，意义和句法功能的最小形式 Words can be simple and complex.词可以是简单的也可以是复杂的 1.2 Sound and Meaning 声音与意义之间的关系：This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary,and there is no logical relationship between the sound and the actual thing and idea itself .The relationship between them is conventional. 这种象征性的联系几乎总是任意的，声音与实际的事物和观念本身没有逻辑关系。他们之间的关系是约定俗成的。 1.3 Sound and Form 读音与拼写不一致的原因：①The English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language. ②The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. ③Some of the differences were created by the early scribes. ①英语字母表是从罗马人那里采用的，罗马人没有一个单独的字母来代表语言中的每个 声音。 ②这些年来，发音的变化比拼写的变化更快。 ③有些差异是由早期的抄写员造成的。
2020年4月全国英语词汇学自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. There are ______ major classes of compounds. A. two B. for C. three D. five 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned. C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike. D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary. 3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______. A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic 4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______. A. addition B. position-shifting C. dismembering D. shortening 5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units 6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______. A. the growth of science and technology B. economic and political changes C. the influence of other cultures and languages D. all the above 7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C 8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? A. Stability B. Collocability. C. Productivity. D. National character. 1
英语专业-英语词汇学-笔记
1.What is polysemy? Having multiple meanings that are related. 2.What are the two different ways of organising polysemous words? Explain them 1)The diachronic approach begins with the primary meaning and then arrange the other meanings (derived meanings) in the order in which they developed. 2)The synchronic approach begins with the most popular meaning (central meaning) and then arrange the other meanings (marginal meanings) in order of popularity. 3.What are the two different ways in which polysemy develops? Explain them 1)Radiation. Secondary meanings are independent from one another and are derived directly from the primary meaning. 2)Concatenation. Secondary meanings are connected and derive from primary meaning through successive shifts of meaning from one secondary meaning to another. 4.What is homonymy? Homonyms are works different in meaning but either identical both in sound or spelling or identical only in sound or spelling. 5.Give an example of a perfect homonym, a homophone and a homograph 1)perfect homonym 同音同形date日期/date红枣 2)homophone 同音异形Knew/new, meet/meat 3)homograph 异音同形record(v.)/record(n.) 6.Give an example of the rhetorical use of homonymy Hi Jack （你好杰克）– hijack（打劫） 7.What is the difference between polysemy and homonymy? Give an example to illustrate the difference 1)Polysemy is about connection of meanings. Book can mean a book as in “I read a book”, and “I book a hotel room”. The second meaning is related to the first one because in the past hotel staff will write the customers’ information on a book when reserving a room. 2)homonymy is about form. Lie can mean not being honest or being in a horizontal position. These two meanings have the same form but no connection. 8.Classify the following pairs of antonyms into complementaries (binaries), contraries (gradable) or converses (relational). Explain why 1)Good/bad, contraries 2)odd/even, complementaries 3)above/below, converses 4)clean/dirty, contraries 5)remember/forget, complementaries? 6)old/young, contraries 7)before/after, converses 9.What is hyponymy? Give an example The meaning of a more specific word is included in that of a more general word.
(完整版)初中英语词汇词根联想记忆法-文本
英语单词联系记忆 第一讲 1.act v 行动，扮演 n 行为动作 2.active a 活跃的积极的主动的 act+ive(形容词后缀) actor n 男演员 act+or(名词后缀表人) 扮演角色的男人 actress act+ress((名词后缀表人) 扮演角色的女人 中文串联：活跃的男女演员扮演动作很到位 2.air n.空气 airport n.机场 air+port(港口)[空气的港口是机场] 中文串联：空气的港口是机场 3.any a.任何的所有的 anything pron.任何事，任何东西 any(任何的)+thing（东西，事）---任何事，任何东西 anywhere ad.任何地方 any(任何的)+where（哪儿）----任何地方 中文串联：任何事，任何东西都能在任何地方发生 4.ball n.球 balloon n.气球 ball（球）+o(球的形状)+on(在----上) 气球 volleyball n.排球 volley(空中传)+ball(球)=排球 basketball n.篮球 basket（篮子）+ball（球）=篮球 football n.足球 foot（足）+ball（球）=足球 footballer n.足球运动员 foot（足）+ball（球）+er(人)=足球运动员 5.board n.板木板 boat（船）[他抱船上的木板上了岸] keyboard n.键盘 key(钥匙，关键)+board（木板）[放着钥匙的木板是键盘] 中文串联：把钥匙放在木板上当键盘
6.build v.建立建筑 谐音：必要的[建立社会主义是必要的] building n大楼，建筑物 build+ing(名词后缀) rebuild v。重建 re(前缀再)+build（建立）=重建 中文串联：美国要重建建筑世贸大楼 7.class n.班级 classmate n同班同学 class（班级）+mate(伙伴)=同班同学 classroom n教室 class（班级）+room（房间）=教室 中文串联：同班同学在一个班级的教室里上学 8.cycle n循环，转 V.骑自行车 bicycle N.自行车 bi(前缀两)+cycle（循环）[两个轮子循环是自行车] cylist n 骑自行车的人 cycl（e）+ist(名词后缀的人)=骑自行车的人 motorcycle N.摩托车 motor（发动机）+cycle（循环，转）=摩托车 recycle v n 回收利用 re(前缀再)+cycle(循环)=回收利用 中文串联：骑自行车的人把就摩托车带回家回收利用 9.every a 每一每个的 everybody pron 每人人人 every（每个的）+body（身体）--每个身体是每人人人 everyone pron 每人人人各人 every（每一）+one（一个）--每一个个体是各人 everything pron 每样东西 every（每一）+thing（东西）---每样东西 中文串联：每个人，各人都得到了每样的东西 10.fast a ad 快速的（地） fasten v 拴牢系紧 fast(快速地)+en(动词后缀；是成为)[快速地成为一体---拴牢系紧] breakfast n 早餐 break（bread;面包）+fast（快速）[面包快速地做好是早餐] 中文串联：快速地拴牢系紧早餐骑车上班去 11.friend n 朋友 friendly a 友好的 friend（朋友）+ly=友好的 friendship n 友谊 1. ship ----名词后缀表示关系 [朋友的关系---友谊]
英语词汇学自考重点
各章重点内容串讲： Introduction 1.Lexicology（名词解释题） （1）Definition: Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words（WNWD）. 本句翻译：词汇学是语言学的一个分支，它主要是研究词汇的来源以及意义（词汇学的定义）。 （2）Domain: English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. 本句翻译：它研究的是英语词汇的形态结构，同时它还研究英语词汇的语义结构、英语词汇的发展历史和英语词汇的形成与用法。 2.Methods of Study（单选题/名词解释题） （1）Two approaches There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and diachronic. synchronic 共时法 diachronic 历时法 （2）Definition: A, synchronic From a synchronic point of view, words can be studied at a point in time. However, if we take a diachronic perspective, we will consider the word historically, looking into its origin and changes in form and meaning. 1.word（名词解释） （1）a minimal free form of a language 1）Therefore, we can say that a word is a minimal free form of a language（词是语言中的最小的自由形式） 2）that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.（词有固定的读音，固定的意义，固定的句法功能。） 2.the relationships between the sound and meaning （1）简答题 1）Sound is the physical aspect of a word. And meaning is what the sound refers to. 本句翻译：音是词的物质外壳；义是音的所指。 2）A word is a symbol that stands for something else in the world, which is outside the language system. （2）单选题或填空题 arbitrary/conventional 1）there is ‘no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’.（音与实际的实物和实际思想本身并没有一定的逻辑关系） 2）The relationship between them is conventional because people of the same speech community have agreed to refer to the animal with this cluster of sounds. 3.More and more differences occur between the two.（简答题）（音和形之间的距离越拉
英语词汇学第九单元测试题2(附答案)
C9 Test-2 below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that I. Each of the statements would best complete the statement. 1. The fixity of idioms depends on A. idiomaticity B. structure C. grammaticality D. style
2. Idioms are generally felt to be A. formal B. informal C. casual D. intimate 3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ” , is used. A. simile B. metonymy C. personification D. juxtaposition 4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by . A. linguists B. poets C. working people D. ruling class 5. Forms and functions of idioms are . A. different B. identical C. not necessarily identical D. not identical at all 6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties. A. stylistic, affective B. social, regional C. professional, cultural D. cultural, social 7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom. A. illogical B. lexical C. grammatical D. logical 8. Idioms nominal in nature function as . A. adverbs B. modifiers C. nouns D. adjectives 9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is . A. simile B. personification
自考英语词汇学名词解释(54个全)
词汇学名词解释 1. Word --- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic funtion. 2. Morpheme --- A morpheme is the minimal significant element in the composition of words. 3. Free morphemes or Content morphemes (Free root) --- They are morphemes that may constitute words by themselves : cat, walk. 4. Bound Morphemes or Grammatical morphemes --- They are morphemes that must appear with at least one other morpheme, either bound or free : Catts, walk+ing. 5. Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example: it conveys the meaning of "say or speak" as a Latin root, but not as a word. With the prefix pre-(=before) we obtain the verb predict meaning "tell beforehand". 6. Affixes --- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or funtion. 7. Inflectional morphemes or Inflectional affixes --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional ,thus known as inflectional morphemes. There is the regular plural suffix -s(-es) which is added to nouns such as machines, desks. 8. Derivational morphemes or Derivational affixes --- Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. 9. Prefixes --- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word, such as, pre+war. 10. Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word, for instance, blood+y. Derivational morphemes/ derivational affixes --- A process of forming new words by the addition of a word element. Such as prefix, suffix, combing form to an already existing word. Prefixation ---- is the formation of new words by adding prefix or combing form to the base. (It modify the lexical meaning of the base) Suffixation--- is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or combing form to the base and usually changing the word-class of the base. Such as boy. Boyish (noun- adjective) 11. Root --- A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed without total loss of identity. 12. Opaque Words--Words that are formed by one content morpheme only and cannot be analysed into parts are called opaque words, such as axe, glove. 13. Transparent Words--Words that consist of more than one morphemes and can be segmented into parts are called transparent words: workable(work+able), door-man(door+man).
英语专业词汇学教案 第一章
English Lexicology Chapter 1 1.5 Classification of words 词的分类 依据不同的划分标准，可将英语词汇划分为不同的类别。 首先，根据使用频率（use frequency），可将英语词汇划分为： 1.5.1 Basic word stock & nonbasic word stock Basic word stock is the most important part and the foundation of English vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language (语言的共核). 基本词汇是全民族活动共同的和基本的核心词汇，是语言中使用得最多、生活中最必需、意义最明确、生命力最强的词汇。 基本词汇所占比例不大，但在日常交际中使用频率却很高。 基本词汇的六大特征Six characteristics （1）All national character. The most important feature. denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. （2）stability （3）productivity （4）polysemy （5）collocability 全民性、稳定性、能产性、多义性、可搭配性 但是，数词、代词、助动词、介词、连词等并不具备全部五种特征。 Though numerals and pronouns enjoy nation-wide use, they are semantically monosemous, with low productivity and collocability. 不属于基本词汇的7种词（words do not belong to the common core of the language）（p14）: 1.terminology术语 2.jargon行话 3.slang俚语 4.argot黑话