高三英语基础知识必备专题三连词
连词
一、连词的用法
定语从句
命题规律
定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
定语从句基本考点：
（1）关系代词引导的定语从句
①who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom 只能作宾语。
②which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
③whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。
（2）关系副词引导的定语从句
①关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。
②the way后面的定语从句的关系词。
在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。（3）“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
① “介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。
②“复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
③ “of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)
需要特别注意：该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：a. 把先行词放
在从句中，从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。b. 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。
（4）as和which引导的定语从句
① as引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词as，which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
a. as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。
b. 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。
c. as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。
（5）定语从句中的主谓一致
①关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
②“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
名词性从句
命题规律
名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。
名词性从句基本考点：
（1）名词性从句的连接词
①连接词that，whether和if
I. 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that本身无意义，有时可省略，whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。that和whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。
II. whether与if的用法比较
二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。
在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if：a. whether引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。c. whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。d. whether后可以加不定式，if不可。
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2011-2017高考英语语法填空真题及答案
历年高考语法填空真题 1. （2017全国Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 2. （2017全国Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and __________62__ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day. Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 3. （2017全国Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 ________ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 62 __________ model in New Y ork. Sarah 63 __________ (tell) that she could be Britain?s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah, 64 _______ has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65_________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66_________ (educate). She has turned down several 67_______ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a
近五年高考英语语法填空从句总结
近五年高考英语语法填空从句总结 从句一直以来都是高考英语语法填空题的必考点。从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句(包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。 高考中从句知识点考查最多的是定语从句。我们将近五年高考题中语法填空题涉及的从句进行总结，希望可以为英语老师们帮助学生解答这一类题型提供助力。 2019年 全国 I 卷 across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 全国 II 卷 Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Maccles 全国 III 卷 for these animals. 浙江卷 2018年 全国 I 卷
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 全国 II 卷 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 全国 III 卷 suddenly appears out of nowhere. 浙江卷 once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 2017年 全国 I 卷 health. 全国 III 卷 that she has brains as well as beauty. 浙江卷