大学英语阅读精选25篇

Passage 1

No one prior to World War II more trenchantly analyzed the philosophical differences between utopians and realists than did E.H.Carr in his celebrated work, which, although published in 1939, did not have its impact in America until after World War II. Carr used the term utopians for idealists who placed emphasis on international law and organization and on the influence of morality and public opinion in the affairs of nations. He probably did not intend the more pejorative connotation that attached to the term utopians after World War II as na?ve opponents of power politics expounded by realists. Indeed, since the end of the Cold War, the idealist concept of the harmony of national interests in peace has received new attention in a more recent neoliberal-neorealist debate.

The failures of the League of Nations in the 1930s cast doubt on the harmony of interest in peace, which appeared to accord with the interests of satisfied, status-quo powers with democratic governments, but not with the perceived needs of revisionists, totalitarians, authoritarian states seeking boundary changes, enhanced status, greater power, and, especially in the case of Nazi Germany, revenge for the humiliation of the post-World War I settlement imposed by the Versailles treaty. Contrary to the utopian assumption, national self-determination did not always produce representative governments. Instead, the overthrow of the old monarchical order gave rise in many places, including Russia, to a more pervasive and oppressive totalitarian states. The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany set the stage for Adolph Hitler’s invasion of Poland, the outbreak of World War II, the partition of Poland, and the absorption of Baltic states into the Soviet Union, all in flagrant contravention of the standards of international conduct set forth in utopian theory.

1.Who took a strong analysis of the philosophical differences between utopians and realists?

A.Adolph Hitler did

B. E.H.Carr did

C.Neorealist did

D.Molotov did

2.What did utopian mean in Carr’s opinion?

A.Idealists who placed emphasis on international law and organization and on the influence

of morality and public opinion in the affairs of nations.

B.Na?ve opponents of power politics.

C.Status-quo powers

D.Revisionists.

3.What is the consequence of national self-determination?

A.Producing representative governments.

B.Giving rise to a more pervasive and oppressive totalitarian states.

C.Both A and B

D.Sometimes A, sometimes B.

4.What was the influence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939?

A.to set the stage for Adolph Hitler’s invasion of Poland

B.leading to the outbreak of World War II

C. a cause of the partition of Poland

D.all of A,B and C

5.Which one can serve as the title of this passage?

A.Post-World War II Realism

B.Post-World War II Utopians

C. E.H.Carr and the Crisis of World Politics

D.The Influence of Versailles Treaty

passage 2

Beyond marking the seasons, the chief interests that actuated the Babylonian astronomer in his observations were astrological. After quoting Diodorus to the effect that the Babylonian priests observed the position of certain stars in order to cast horoscopes, Thompson tells us that from a very early day the very name Chaldean became synonymous with magician. He adds that "from Mesopotamia, by way of Greece and Rome, a certain amount of Babylonian astrology made its way among the nations of the west, and it is quite probable that many superstitions which we commonly record as the peculiar product of western civilization took their origin from those of the early dwellers on the alluvial lands of Mesopotamia. One Assurbanipal, king of Assyria B.C. 668-626, added to the royal library at Nineveh his contribution of tablets, which included many series of documents which related exclusively to the astrology of the ancient Babylonians, who in turn had borrowed it with modifications from the Sumerian invaders of the country. Among these must be mentioned the series which was commonly called 'the Day of Bel,' and which was decreed by the learned to have been written in the time of the great Sargon I., king of Agade, 3800 B.C. With such ancient works as these to guide them, the profession of deducing omens from daily events reached such a pitch of importance in the last Assyrian Empire that a system of making periodical reports came into being. By these the king was informed of all the occurrences in the heavens and on earth, and the results of astrological studies in respect to after events. The heads of the astrological profession were men of high rank and position, and their office was hereditary. The variety of information contained in these reports is best gathered from the fact that they were sent from cities as far removed from each other as Assur in the north and Erech in the south, and it can only be assumed that they were despatched by runners, or men mounted on swift horses. As reports also came from Dilbat, Kutba, Nippur, and Bursippa, all cities of ancient foundation, the king was probably well acquainted with the general course of events in his empire."

1.What actuated the Babylonian astronomer?

A.Marking the seasons

B.Astrology

C.Both A and B

D.Neither of A and B

2.Where, according to Thompson , did many superstitions of western civilization originate

from?

A.Nineveh

B.Babylonia

C.Assur

D.Erech

3.How was the social status of an astrologer at that time?

A.Of high social status

B.Of middle social status

C.Of low social status

D.It wasn’t mentioned in the passage.

4.How was the king acquainted with the general course of events in his empire?

A.By periodical reports of astrology from the cities of the empire.

B.By scientific reports from specialists.

C.By rumors

D.By making a tour in disguise

5.What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?

A.astronomy

B.physics

C.meteorology

D.astrology

passage 3

Mr Malthus very correctly defines, "the rent of land to be that portion of the value of the whole produce which remains to the owner, after all the outgoings belonging to its cultivation, of whatever kind, have been paid, including the profits of the capital employed, estimated according to the usual and ordinary rate of the profits of agricultural stock at the time being."

Whenever, then, the usual and ordinary rate of the profits of agricultural stock, and all the outgoings belonging to the cultivation of land, are together equal to the value of the whole produce, there can be no rent.

And when the whole produce is only equal in value to the outgoings necessary to cultivation, there can neither be rent nor profit.

In the first settling of a country rich in fertile land, and which may be had by any one who chooses to take it, the whole produce, after deducting the outgoings belonging to cultivation, will be the profits of capital, and will belong to the owner of such capital, without any deduction whatever for rent.

Thus, if the capital employed by an individual on such land were of the value of two hundred quarters of wheat, of which half consisted of fixed capital, such as buildings, implements, &c. and the other half of circulating capital, -- if, after replacing the fixed and circulating capital, the value of the remaining produce were one hundred quarters of wheat, or of equal value with one hundred quarters of wheat, the neat profit to the owner of capital would be fifty per cent or one hundred profit on two hundred capital.

For a period of some duration, the profits of agricultural stock might continue at the same rate, because land equally fertile, and equally well situated, might be abundant, and therefore, might be cultivated on the same advantageous terms, in proportion as the capital of the first, and subsequent settlers augmented.

1.In Mr Malthus’ opinion, the rent of land and profits of the capital employed in cultivation

__________________?

A.have not been paid.

B.have been paid.

C.have been partially paid

D.ought to be paid.

2.What, according to Mr Malthus, is the correlation between the four parties: rent of land,

outgoings necessary to cultivation, profit of capital and value of the whole produce

A.outgoings necessary to cultivation = rent of land + profit of capital +value of the

whole produce

B.profit of capital = value of the whole produce – rent of land – outgoings necessary to

cultivation

C.value of the whole produce = land of the rent + outgoings necessary to cultivation –

profit of capital

D.profit of capital = value of the whole produce + rent of land – outgoings necessary to

cultivation

3.When does a cultivator have no profit under the following circumstances?

A.The usual and ordinary rate of the profits of agricultural stock is together equal to the

value of the whole produce.

B.The whole produce is only equal in value to the outgoings necessary to cultivation.

C. A cultivator takes first settling of a country rich in fertile land

D.The land is not free.

4.In the fifth paragraph, if, after replacing the fixed and circulating capital, the value of the

remaining produce were fifty quarters of wheat, the neat profit to the owner of capital would be___?

A.50%

B.100%

C.75%

D.25%

5.The author believes the profits of agricultural stock are ____?

A.unsustainable

B.sustainable

C.sometimes sustainable

D.depending on the weather

passage 4

While the laborer is confined to the culture of the soil on his own -account, because it is in that manner alone that he can obtain access to the wages on which he is to subsist, the form and amount of the Rents he pays are determined by a direct contract between himself and the proprietor. The provisions of these contracts are influenced sometimes by the laws, and almost always by the long established usages, of the countries in which they are made. The main object in all is, to secure a revenue to the proprietors with the least practicable amount of trouble or risk on their part.

Though governed in common by some important principles, the variety in the minuter details of this class of Rents is of course almost infinite. But men will be driven in similar situations to very similar expedients, and the general mass of peasant rents may be separated into four great divisions, comprising 1st, Labor Rents, 2dly, Metayer Rents, 3dly, Ryot Rents (borrowing the last term from the country in which we are most familiar with them, India).

These three will be found occupying in contiguous masses the breadth of the old world, from the Canary Islands to the shores of China and the Pacific, and deciding, each in its own sphere, not merely the economical relations of the landlords and tenants, but the political and social condition

of the mass of the people.

To these must be added a fourth division, that of Cottier Rents, or Rents paid by a laborer extracting his own wages from the land, but paying his rent in money, as in Ireland and part of Scotland. This class is small, but peculiarly interesting to Englishmen, from the fact of its prevalence in the sister island, and from the influence it has exercised, and seems likely for some time yet to exercise, over the progress and circumstances of the Irish people.

1.Why is the laborer confined to the culture of the soil?

A.Only by that can he/she obtain access to wages for survival.

B.Only by that can he/she obtain control over the proprietor.

C.Only by that can he/she obtain profits of agricultural stock.

D.Only by that can he/she get freedom.

2. Which factors will influence the form and amount of the Rents a laborer pays?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/298022838.html,ws, long established usages and personal views

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/298022838.html,ws and long established usages

C.long established usages, personal views and advices from others

D.None of the above is correct.

3. Why, according to the author, may the general mass of peasant rents be separated into four great divisions?

A.Men will be driven in similar situations to very similar expedients.

B.Men will be driven in similar situations to very different expedients.

C.The general mass of peasant rents is not of one mind.

D.The author likes to do so.

4.Which of the four divisions is the smallest?

A.Class of Labor Rents

B.Class of Metayer Rents

C.Class of Ryot Rents

D.Class of Cottier Rents

5.How do laborers pay their rents in class of Cottier Rents?

A.in cereals

B.in money

C.in labor

D.All of the above mentioned.

Passage 5

Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.

Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the

next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.

At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.

At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stopped her getting“a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her, so tea-time was born.

1. Which of the following introductions of tea into Britain is true?

A) The Britons got expensive tea from India.

B) Tea reached Britain from Holland.

C) The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.

D) It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.

2. This passage mainly discusses.

A)the history of tea drinking in Britain

B) how tea became a popular drink in Britain

C)how the Britons got the habit of drinking tea

D)how tea-time was born

3. Tea became a popular drink in Britain.

A) in eighteenth century

B) in sixteenth century

C) in seventeenth century

D) in the late seventeenth century

4. People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because

A)it tasted like milk

B) it tasted more pleasant

C)it became a popular drink

D)Madame de Sevinge was such a lady with great social influence that people tried to copy the way she drank tea

5. We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of.

A)a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne

B)the ancient Chinese

C)the upper social class

D)people in Holland

Passage 6

In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are

hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.

If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important - and that has happened in some cases–we are as badly of as before, only in reverse.

It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “momism”, - but we don’t want to exchange it for a“neo-popism ”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.

There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit–not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze men’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.

The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.

Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.

1. From the passage we know that the author is very concerned with the role that.

A)parents play in bringing up their children

B)men play in a family

C)women play in a family

D)equality plays in a family

2. The author means to tell us that.

A)a man’s place is in the home

B)a woman’s place is in the home

C)a woman should be equal to a man

D)a man should have an equal share in family matters

3. According to the author, a healthy family should be based on.

A) cooperation

C) momism

B)authoritarianism

D) neo-popism

4. Who will benefit most from a family pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions?

A)The children.C) The man.

B)The woman D) The psychologist.

5. We may safely conclude from the passage that.

A)male superiority maintains a healthy family

B)equal rights and equal responsibilities are very essential to a healthy family

C)authoritarianism does no good to a healthy family

D)women should be equal to men.

Passage 7

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.

Stress is a natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.

The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress is, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.

1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.

a. they do not know how to enjoy themselves

b. they do not believe that relaxation is important for health

c. they are traveling fast all the time

d. they are becoming busier with their work

2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.

a. not fearing stress

b. knowing the art of relaxation

c. high sense of responsibility

d. having control over performance

3.Which of the following statements is true?

a. We can find some ways to avoid stress

b. Stress is always harmful to people

c. It is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.

d. Different people can withstand different amounts of stress

4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.

a. "making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"

b. "reaction to stress both chemically and physically"

c. "responding to crises quickly"

d. "losing heart at the signs of difficulties"

5.In the last sentence of the passage, "do so " refers to ______.

a. "expose ourselves to stress"

b. "find ways to deal with stress"

c. "remove stress from our lives"

d. "established links between diseases and stress"

Passage 8

Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically nonexistent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her.

This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves `First come, first served', while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child stands? Yet this is all too often seen.

Older people, tired and irritable from a day's work, are not angels, either far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.

If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won't bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.

1.From what you have read, who are expected to improve their manners?

A) who are physically weak or crippled

B) who once lived in a prison-camp during the War

C) who live in big modern cities

D) who live only in small towns

2.What is the writer's opinion concerning courteous manners towards women?

A) Now that women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated differently from men.

B) It is generally considered old-fashioned for young men to give up their seats to young women.

C) "Lady First" should be universally practiced.

D) Special consideration ought to be shown to them.

3.On tubes or buses, according to the author, older people___ .

A) often offer their seats to others

B) are treated better than younger people are

C) are no more considerate to each other

D) from the Continent are more irritable

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/298022838.html,munication between human beings would be smoother if __.

A) people were more considerate to each other

B) people were not so tired and irritable

C) women were treated with more courtesy

D) public transport could be improved.

5.What is the possible meaning of the word "deterioration" in the last paragraph?

A) Worsening of general situation.

B) Lowering of moral standards.

C) Declining of physical constitution.

D) Spreading of evil conduct.

Passage 9

A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on polities, economies, and war, but art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors-or of people very different from our own-can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.

In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly "political" artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May 1080, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso's Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros-as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinze-depicted these Mexican artists' deep anger and sadness about social problems.

In the same way, art can reflect a culture's religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn't read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic (伊斯兰教的) belief that statues are unholy.

1.More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than from general history classes because art history_______ .

A) shows us the religious and emotions of a people in addition to political values

B) provides us with information about the daily activities of people in the past

C) gives us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a place

D) all of the above

2.Art is subjective in that__________ .

A) a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it

B) it can easily arouse our anger or sadness about social problems

C) it will find a ready echo in our hearts

D) both B and C

3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A) Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo Picasso and several Mexican artists expressed their political opinions in their paintings.

B) History books often reveal the compilers' political views.

C) Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book.

D) In the Middle East even today you can hardly find any human and animal images on church walls or religious buildings.

4.The passage is mainly discussing __________.

A) the difference between general history and art history

B) the making of art history

C) what we can learn from art

D) the influence of artists on art history

5.It may be concluded from this passage that_______ .

A) Islamic artists had to create architectural decoration with images of flowers or geometric forms

B) history teachers are more objective than artists

C) it is more difficult to study art history than general history

D) people and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other buildings in order to popularize the Bible

Passage 10

If women are mercilessly exploited year-round, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on.

No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smile at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by

fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.

1. Designers and big stores always make money_________________

A) by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry

B) because they are capable of predicting new fashions

C) by constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothing

D) because they attach great importance to quality in women’s clothing

2. To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as______

A) a waste of money B) a waste of time

C) an expression of taste D) an expression of creativity

3. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the ____of clothing

A) cost B) appearance C) comfort D) suitability

4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women

B) The constant changes in women’s clothing reflect their strength of character

C) The fashion industry make an important contribution to society

D) Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.

5. By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”(lines 1-2, Para.4) the writer means that_

A) women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at

B) women are better able to put up with discomfort

C) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers

D) men are more stable and reliable in character

Passage 11

Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone’s preference is that it’s one person’s opinion. But because the two big cola companies-Coca-Cola a nd Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.

We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.

We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed th e records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.

Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse - only 7 to 27 identified all four samples correctly.

While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong.

Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test result suggests that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

1. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _______

A) find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking

B) reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers

C) show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-work

D) compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks

2. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show_______

A) Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks

B) There is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi

C) Few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi

D) People’s tastes differ from one another

3. It is implied in the first paragraph that________

A) the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas

B) the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies

C) the competition between the two colas is very strong

D) blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans

4. The word “burnout” (Line 4, Para. 5) here refers to the state of _________

A) being seriously burnt in the skin B) being unable to burn for lack of fuel

C) being badly damaged by fire D) being unable to function because of excessive use

5. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to _________

A) show that taste preference is highly subjective

B) argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy

C) emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other

D) recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas

Passage 12

Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?

We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world. Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. “Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,” says a wise physician, Dr. Rene

Dubos, “yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.”

1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence “Man, …is part of nature.” (Line 3-4, Para.1)?

A) Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature

B) Man acts as if he does not belong to nature

C) Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution

D) Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection

2. What is the author’s attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides?

A) Pessimistic B) Indifferent C) Defensive D) Concerned

3. In the auth or’s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides___

A) is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides

B) now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths

C) has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention

D) is unavoidable because people can’t do without pesticides in farming

4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because______

A) limited exposure to them does little harm to people’s he alth

B) the present is more important for them than the future

C) the danger does not become apparent immediately

D) humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

5. It can be concluded from Dr Dubos’ remarks that_______

A) people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with

B) attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal

C) diseases with obvious sighs are easy to cure

D) people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides

Passage 13

Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.

For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surfac e. The first time that the question ”what is at the bottom of the oceans? ”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.

It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.

The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the

deeper parts of the sea.

Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.

1. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ____________________.

A) an academic aspect B) a military aspect

C) a business aspect D) an international aspect

2. It was _______________________that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.

A) the American Navy B) some early intercontinental travelers

C) those who earned a living from the sea

D) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable

3. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was_______________

A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceans

B) to collect sample of sea plants and animals

C) to estimate the length of cable that was needed

D) to measure the depths of the two oceans

4. ”Defied” in the 4th paragraph probably means “_________________”

A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to

5. This passage is mainly about_________________

A) the beginnings of oceanography B) the laying of the first undersea cable

B) the investigation of ocean depths D) the early intercontinental communications

Passage 14

Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitively areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.

People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. “Most of us don’t need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness. ” Fozard and others say the y challenge their brains work..

Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. “The point is, you need to do both.” Cohen says, “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size. ”

1. People who are cognitively healthy are those________

A) who can remember large amounts of information

B) who are highly intelligent C) whose minds are alert and receptive

D) who are good at recognizing different sounds

2. According to Fozard, people can make their brains work more efficiently by___

A) constantly doing memory work B) taking part in various mental activities

C) going through specific training D) making frequent adjustments

3. The findings of James and other scientists in their work_______

A) remain a theory to be further proved

B) have been challenged by many other experts

C) have been generally accepted

D) are practiced by the researchers themselves

4. Older people are generally advised to _______

A) keep fit by going in for physical activities

B) keep mentally active by challenging their brains

C) maintain mental alertness through specific training

D) maintain a balance between individual and group activities

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A) How biochemical changes occur in the human brain

B) Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally

C) How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health

D) Why people should receive special mental training as they age.

Passage 15

The plumes of ash came billowing from Mount Etna on July 17 at precisely 1:33 p.m., followed by 300-foot blasts of lava. Below, in the resort town of Nicolosi, Italy, anxious residents prayed for protection. But scientists were jubilant.

“Three minutes,”gushes Gene Ulmer, a Temple University geologist. “That’s all they missed by.”Not only did Ulmer witness the eruption (which killed no one), he was in Nicolosi the previous night when European volcanologists predicted that Mount Etna would erupt at 1:30 p.m.—one of the most accurate predictions in history.

Scientists have historically had little success in predicting eruptions. There are instruments to monitor the geophysical changes that may suggest a volcano is ready to blow—increase in tremors, alterations in the mountain’s tilt, or changes in the resistance of the earth surrounding it. Other instruments track volcanoes’chemical compositions, because rising levels of ammonia, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, water and other substances can also herald eruptions. But none of these instruments has done particularly well.

So scientists have taken to monitoring as many different aspects of volcanic activity as possible. This broader approach appears to have yielded the stunningly accurate results at Etna. “We may have finally found the right combination of instruments to monitor volcanoes—and save lives,”says Ulmer.

It is, of course, possible that the Etna team just got lucky. Nonetheless, Ulmer says, “all of us in volcanology are very excited.”

36. V olcanologists were surprised by __.

A) the accuracy of their own predictions of eruption of Mount Etna

B) the eruption of Mount Etna

C) the instruments they had used

D) the ash and smoke of Mount Etna

37. Which instruments are the most effective ones to predict the eruption of volcanoes?

A) Instruments to monitor the geophysical changes.

B) Instruments to track volcanoes’chemical compositions.

C) The combinations of instruments.

D) None of them.

38. What does the word “jubilant”mean according to the context?

A) Upset. B) Filled with great joy.

C) Disappointed. D) Accurate.

39 . What is the main idea of the passage?

A) Though Mount Etna erupted as European volcanologists predicted, it was just a coincidence.

B) Scientists succeeded in finding the instruments to predict eruption.

C) Lots of scientists witnessed the Eruption of Mount Etna.

D) Scientists predicted accurately the eruption of Mount Etna.

40. What’s the possible title for this passage?

A) The V olcanologists Succeeded.

B) Mount Etna’s Eruption.

C) Right on Schedule—Mount Etna Makes Scientists Look Smart.

D) Prediction of Eruption in History.

Passage 16

Social scientists are divided on the question of whether social conflict should be regarded as something rational, constructive, and socially functional or something irrational, pathological, and socially dysfunctional. Most western psychologists and social psychologists seem to regard all violent forms of individual, group, and politicized aggression as irrational departure from normal, desirable behavior. By way of contrast, most sociologists and anthropologists in Europe and America (with the notable exception of Parsonian school, which, like a majority of psychologists, stresses the importance of compromise and adjustment) have been willing to attribute a constructive purpose to conflict, insofar as it helps to establish group boundaries, strengthens group consciousness and sense of self-identity, and contributes toward social integration, community building, and socioeconomic change in a progressive direction. Karl Marx, of course, who was more sociologist than economist, placed the greatest emphasis on class conflict and final conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie as the forceps that is supposed to give birth to a just social order. Many social scientists tend to divide on the issue, some regarding violent conflict as irrational, while others judge it good or bad, depending on the context in which it arises; the political, economical, or social values at stake; the costs incurred in comparison with anticipated gains; and the net income for the group, the nation, or the international system.

1.In the 2nd line, “pathological” means ___?

A)sick

B)hurt

C)“not constructive”

D)“not meaningful”

2.Who are more radical, western psychologists or sociologists?

A)Western psychologists are

B)Western sociologists are

C)Both are

D)Both aren’t

3.According to the author, Karl Marx is ___?

A) a radical

B) a conservative

C) a straddler

D)an indifferent person

4.What does the word “school” mean in Line 6?

A) a place where students acquire knowledge

B) a group of people with the same political viewpoints

C) a group of people with the same academic viewpoints

D)process of being educated

5.Which one can be the most appropriate title of this passage?

A)Irrational Social Conflict

B)Conflict and Social Integration

C)Karl Marx’s View of Social Conflict

D)On Class Conflict

Passage 17

When I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students.

I was impressed by the role of the professor in the seminar(讨论会). The professor didn’t act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic(语言的) feature of his interacting with his students was that he used many modal(情态的) verbs—far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said, “This is my personal opinion and it could be wrong.” or “You could be right, but you might find this point of view als o interesting.”

In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore, students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question. I still remember how frustrated they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than that of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sure about it.

Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our university complaining about the fact that Chinese students uniformly expressed the same idea in their English composition. The examinations in America usually do not test a student’s ability to memorize the material but his ability to analyze and solve problems. Education in America is valued not only as a means to obtain employment but as a process of enhancing critical thinking.

1.In the USA, when the students are in class, ____.

A). a Chinese student tends to be very active

B). an American student likes to make trouble

C). a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacher

D). an American student tends to be vigorous

2.A teacher in the USA prefers to ____ when he answers questions.

A). be very sincere B). be very direct

C). be very self-confident D). be very indifferent

3.What is the opinion of the author concerning the difference of teaching methods between China and the USA?

A). He thinks that Chinese teaching methods can make students learn more.

B). He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to improve students’ remembrance.

C). He thinks that American teaching is ability-oriented.

D). He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.

4.The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the teacher is ____.

A).more intimate in China B). closer in China

C). looser in USA D). more harmonious in USA

5.The education in USA may produce some ____ graduates.

A). talkative B). conventional

C). creative D). imaginative

Passage 18

At dawn on September 5th, 1972 a band of “Black September” Arab guerrillas broke into the Israeli building in the Olympic village near Munich where 10,000 athletes were staying. Over 250 plain clothes police had been brought into the village, following a tip-off of trouble ahead, but none of them saw the Arabs scale the fence. They burst into the Israeli building with submachine guns blazing at 5:10 am. Some Israeli athletes escaped through the windows and side doors. Nine were taken hostage. The guerrillas demanded the release of 200 Palestinians held in Israeli jails and a safe passage out of Germany. Within hours the Olympic village was surrounded by 13000 police. The Olympic Games were suspended. After some negotiations, the terrorists were told they would be flown with their hostages to an Arab country. They were taken by helicopter to the Furstenfield military airport 25 miles from Munich. Just before midnight the guerrillas and their hostages began to walk across the tarmac to a waiting Boeing 727 aircraft. Suddenly al the airport lights were turned out and German police sharp shooters opened fire. The rescue attempt failed tragically. In the gun battle all nine hostages were killed, as well as four Arabs and one policeman. Three Arabs were captured and one escaped into the nearby woods. On the 8th, Israeli planes bombed ten guerilla bases in revenge for Munich massacre.

1.The most possible reason for Israeli athletes being attacked and kidnapped is that ____.

A). they had a conflict with the Arab guerrillas

B).the Arab guerrillas wanted to save the Palestinians held in Israeli jails

C).the German Government hated Israel

D).the Arab guerrillas hoped to get a large sum of money

2.When the trouble took place, the Olympic Games ____.

A).were completed B).were going on

C).were to be finished D).were to take place

3.The terrorists were told that they would be probably sent by air to ____.

A).Italy B).India

C).Syria D).Nigeria

4.How many Arabs were there as terrorists?

A). Seven. B). Eight.

C).Nine. D). It wasn’t mentioned.

5.What do you think Palestine and Israel would act next?

A). They would begin another conflict.

B). They would begin to negotiate.

C). They would try to improve each other’s relation.

D). They would turn to UN

Passage 19

The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology.

A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 BC. A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.

The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine(血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bile was choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long s ince discarded Hippocrates’ fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.

Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity(遗传特征), the environment, intelligence, and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.

1.According to Hippocrates’ fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be ____.

A. optimistic

B. easily angered

C. unexcitable

D. pessimistic

2.The main idea of this passage is about ____.

A. the complicated factors in determining one’s personality

B. Hippocrates’fluid theory and its development

C. the past and today of personality classifications and theories

D. different personalities and their details

3.At present, psychologists ____.

A. have common opinion about personality theories and classifications

B. use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theories

C. have abandoned Hippocrates’ fluid theory entirely

D. all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities

大学英语阅读训练五篇

Passage 1 There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom. But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of student. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools. You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to. 1.Open education allows the students to ____. A.grow as the educated B.be responsible for their future C.develop their own interests D.discover subjects outside class 2. Open education may be a good idea for the students who ____. A.enjoy learning B.worry about grades C.do well in a traditional classroom D.are responsible for what they do in life 3. Some students will do little in an open classroom because ____. A.there are too few rules B.they hate activities C.open education is similar to the traditional education D.they worry about the rules 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?____ A.Some traditional teachers do not like it.

大学英语B 阅读理解答案

阅读理解 B 42、Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. King was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. When he was young, he was strongly influenced by Thoreau and Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi's idea of non-violent resistance. Having received a Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) from Boston University, he became a political and religious leader of the non-violent civil relights movement in 1955. On August 28, 1963, he led over 250,000 Americans on a march in Washington D.C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people, and delivered his best known speech "I Have a Dream" before the Lincoln Memorial. The "dream" is a dream of brotherly love and equality for the Black and White. Thus, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1964, but he was murdered four years later. Though he died, he was greatly respected and loved by the Americans, both the white and the black. By vote of Congress in 1968, the third Monday of every January is now a federal holiday in Luther King's honor. He lives in people's hearts forever. (1)、Martin Luther King was murdered when he was 39 years old. A：T B：F 答案：A (2)、Martin Luther King was a black minister only. A：T B：F 答案：B (3)、Martin Luther King's Day has been a federal holiday for more than 40 years. A：T B：F 答案：A (4)、The underlined word "delivered" in the second paragraph could be replaced by "gave". A：T B：F 答案：A (5)、The best title for this passage is "Civil Rights Law". A：T B：F 答案：B 43、A public house which was recently bought by Mr. James is up for sale. He is going to sell it because it is haunted (闹鬼的). He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr. James had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost (鬼) must have drunk the night before. When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, he shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept it even if he gives it away. (1)、Mr. James was the owner of the public house. A：T B：F 答案：A (2)、Mr. James had not turned off the lights that night. A：T B：F 答案：B (3)、Mr. James built the house. A：T B：F 答案：B (4)、Mr. James found sixty empty bottles. A：T B：F 答案：B (5)、The writer of the passage believes Mr. James' story. A：T B：F 答案：B 44、Great changes have been made in family life because of science and industry. In the past, when more Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Often, too, uncles and aunts lived nearby. But when industry became more important than agriculture in American life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and to move again whenever necessary. And large families can not be moved from place to place as smaller families can. So, at present people tend to have smaller families. In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The typical family may remain childless and consists only of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take child raising as their chief work. At the same time they may also raise other people's children, leaving those families free to move from job to job. (1)、The passage discusses influence of science and industry on American families. A：T B：F 答案：A (2)、Families of the past, the present and the future are described in the passage. A：T B：F 答案：A (3)、People no longer want to have children. A：T B：F 答案：B (4)、Grandparents will take the chief responsibility of raising children in the future. A：T B：F 答案：B (5)、Large families cannot fit in with a highly industrialized society. A：T B：F 答案：A 45、My husband had just bought a new washing machine for me. I decided to use it and I washed a lot of things. Everything worked well, but I found one of my husband's socks missing. I looked everywhere for it, but I couldn't find it anywhere. The next morning, I got ready for school as usual. When the bell rang, the students came in. I greeted them first and then told them what we were going to do that day. When I turned around to write on the blackboard, the class broke out a roar! They laughed and laughed. They laughed so much, in fact, that I was afraid the headmaster would be into seeing all this. I asked the class to stop, but the more I talked, the more they laughed. I decided to pay no attention to them and I continued to write on the blackboard. When I did this, they roared even more. Finally, the teacher who had the room next to mine came in to see what all the laughter was about. When he came in, he started laughing, too!

大学英语阅读教程2答案

《全新版大学英语阅读教程》 (通用本课后练习答案) 第二册 UNIT ONE The Pleasure of Learning Key to the Exercises I. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B II. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T. 5. F. 6. T III. 1.对于太多的人来说,学习似乎是自己的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役. 2.然而,只要幸运,有决心,指导得法,人的精神不仅经得起贫穷而且经得起富裕的考验. 3.对一个人来说,形成完整和协调的人格与保持自身的卫生,健康以及经济上的自立是同样必要的,那些从来没有认识到这一点的人已经吃尽苦头. IV. 1. First of all , the writer points out that there is a mistake about learning. Some young people dislike learning simply because they are educated in the wrong way. Learning is a natural pleasure that should be enjoyed. Then he develops this idea by examples to illustrate the different aspects: learning from books, by travel and trough practice. Learning can expand one’s knowledge over a period of time. 2. The chief danger of learning is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity. It sneaks into people’s mind like wind through the shutters, causing people to slowly give up learning. We should realize that learning is a life-long endeavor, and only by continuous learning can one gain a meaningful and rewarding life. Key to the reading—skill Exercises 1. Students have improved SAT scores. 2. Teenagers planned patrols 3. TV programs are less thorough than newspapers. 4. Welcome to Our City is about the South and its people 5. Some films show little children fascinated at the world. 6. One can communicate with the writer as one reads a book. with Santa Claus Key to the Exercises I . 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B II. . 1. 朱莉让我们如此为难,我的确感到生气.难道圣诞老人不存在的事实不是从同学那里得知的吗 2.我给她讲述了事情的经过,尽量使它听起来滑稽有趣,希望她不要注意到我和杰里在处理我开始认为的"圣诞老人问题"上是如此拙劣. 3.我可以看出,他正努力在想一种办法,用来解释我们的行为,使其听起来不太像事实那样具有欺骗性,那样错误和愚蠢. 4.事情就这样结束了.对圣诞老人不存在的事实悲伤了片刻只后,生活又恢复了正常. III. 1. Santa Claus is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat.

大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练(十三)

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/298022838.html,/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Passage 14 Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,”he says. “Resumes arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, ”Crossley concludes. If they cannot take of these details. “Why should we trust them with a job?” Can we pay too much attention to detail? Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,”says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.” Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,”says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.”Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake. Too often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow. 66. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected________ A) because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume B) because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume C) because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications D) because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves 67. The word “perfectionists”(Line 1, Para 3)refers to those who________ A) demand others to get everything absolutely right B) know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances C) pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives D) are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do 68. Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader? A) Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked B) Don’t forget details when drawing pictures

如何上好初中英语阅读课上课讲义

如何上好初中英语阅读课 每位老师基本上都已认识到阅读课的重要性，但在实际的教学当中我们应该如何操作才能达到课程所要达到的目标，如何恰当地利用各种不同的方式，来提高学生的阅读理解能力和英语其他方面的能力呢？在具体教学过程中的一些教学步骤和方法，大部分教师都比较了解，但是对于这些步骤的细节操作，如何调动学生各方面器官的积极性，实施这些步骤和方法的原因和所能达到的效果，而且从教育学的理论角度上为什么这样做，一些教师在脑海中并没有一个清晰的轮廓。在此，我想结合我的教学经验和理论学习谈谈自己的几点感受。 一、复习 这是每节课的必要步骤，可以很好的检查和复习上节课所学内容，也可以很好的衔接上节课与本节课的内容。而且从教育学的角度来说，一节课的开始，学生还未进入正式状态，所以我们需要一个进入新课的前奏，让学生有一个适应的时间，慢慢地进入到正式上课的状态。如牛津英语9A第五单元是有关电影方面，可以在复习漫画方面,Eddie想成为超级明星，从而引出与影视相关的话题。 二、读前：新课导入 读前活动有四个目的：一、激发学生的阅读动机；二、激活和提供必要背景；三、引出话题；四、为进一步阅读解决理解上的语言障碍。这个步骤是整堂课的一个关键点，是使学生从平和达到兴奋的转折点。因为新课导入的好坏，关系到学生在学习下一个步骤，也就

是课文时，是否充满期待的心情，是否具备兴奋的状态，关系到这节课的整体效果。这也就是俗话说的，有一个好的开始，也就意味着成功了一半。从教育艺术的角度来说，课堂气氛一般氛围两种类型：热情活跃型和冷漠沉闷型。我们当然追求热情活跃型的教育气氛，因为它更能有效地提高学生的学习积极性和学习效率。 新课导入的话题，最好是学生比较感兴趣的，同时也是教师感兴趣或者了解的，这样才能引起师生的共鸣，拉近学生和教师的距离，为创造一个热情的、活跃的、和谐的课堂气氛打下基础。因为以前那种教师以课堂主体，学生为客体的“填鸭式”教学模式对学生的影响非常深，如果没有一个良好的课堂气氛，那么这种影响的消除就缺乏基础，势必难以进行。 比如牛津八年级上学期英语第六单元的阅读，这节课主要是描述有关地震的事，那么这节课的导入话题，我们就可以选取与自然灾害有关的话题，我想这个话题是学生比较愿意谈论的。我们需要注意的是，兴奋状态的达到，并不是只选取一个好的话题就可以了，这只是有了一个好的开始，我们老师需要对学生的谈论进行引导，并且利用有效地方法和教学工具来促使学生的兴奋状态达到一个更高的程度。比如这节课我们可以给学生播放各种自然灾害相关短片，让学生有切身的感受，明白自然灾害给人类带来的危害。这样接下来对于地震幸存者的描述就不会觉得突兀了。 三、读中：课文理解

新世纪大学英语阅读教程(2)_参考答案

新世纪大学英语阅读教程（2）参考答案 Unit One PartⅠ Reading for Information Exercises Ⅰ Reading for Information A.Reading to find main ideas 1.A, 2. C, B. Reading to find major details 3. D, 4. B, C. Reading to find relevant facts 5. C, 6. A Ⅱ.Translation Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1.有一百份卷子要批，而且全是男孩们用潦草的字迹写成的，这事他已经拖了好几个星期 了。这些日子，他一直觉得头上仿佛悬着把剑。 2.我私下里已经花了一大笔钱来学习音乐了。 3.他的脸上挂满了汗珠。 4.没有哪个宣布判决的法官会比此时的谢卡夫更痛苦、更无助。 5.说出事实和接受事实同样需要勇气。 Ⅲ. Summary https://www.wendangku.net/doc/298022838.html,plete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms. 1.sun, straight in the face, blinking, dazed 2.morning, night, tempering truth, shock 3.truth, trials, wife, colleague, headmaster 4.apple pie, culinary masterpiece, good, swallow 5.fine, mean, selfish 6.singing, stupefied 7.frogs, buffalo, window shutters 8.strength, give, receive PartⅡ Reading for Pleasure Exercises Ⅰ. Answer the following questions. (The answers are open.) 1.Hell is not so terrible as most people think because it can be transformed into Heaven through hard work, courage, faith and love. The real Hell is in one’s heart. 2.Heaven is a land of beauty and peace, and it is the result of our hard work. 3.All those hardworking people with courage and determination can rest in Heaven after they die, because although they cannot all reach Heaven in the first place, they can build Hell into Heaven. 4.Those who are afraid of Hell and do not have courage to fight difficulties and disasters will end up in Hell.

成都理工大学大学英语四阅读材料精简答案

Passage 1 Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? This type of stare often produces hostile feelings. 1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that___. A) every glance has its significance 2. If you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is___. B) to avoid eye contact with other passengers 3. By "a dimming of the lights" (Line 13,Para.1 )Erving Goffman means___. C) ceasing to glance at others 4. If one is looked at by a stranger for too long, he tends to feel___. B) uneasy 5. The passage mainly discusses___. D) the role of eye contact in interpersonal communication. Passage 2 Geraldo Rivera is well known for his compassionate investigative reports on WABC-TV Eyewitness News. But I’m not just in the business of making people cry. I’m in the business of chang e.” 6. Geraldo Rivera is working as a(n)______. B. investigative reporter for a special TV program 7. How many awards did Rivera receive for his work? D. Five 8. Rivera’s inves tigation and expose on the conditions at WillowbrookStateSchool led to _____. D. all of the above

浅谈英语阅读教学的重要性和方法 精选文档

浅谈英语阅读教学的重要性和方法 英语，作为一门语言课，教师如何教、学生如何学，这不仅是目前要求每位教学一线执教者和教育研究家必须回答的问题，而且是学校管理者、操作者以及全社会都关心的问题。本文拟就英语教学中阅读教学方法问题作一些讨论。 一、阅读教学在英语教学中的重要性 英语教学可划分成两大块，即口头（听说）和笔头（理解和表达）；而在中专课堂教学中，笔头占有相当的比例。而阅读是接触英语最经常和最广泛的途径。我们应从学了一点英语时就开始阅读，通过学习英语和应用英语这个工具，扩大自己的眼界，锻炼自己的思考、判断、欣赏等各方面的能力。在不同阶段、不同情况下，都需要实事求是地根据需要和可能，充分利用和创造机会，选择一些适当的读物，扩大阅读面。就全国公共英语等级考试二级考试而言，阅读理解占了五篇文章，有20个问题，体裁上涉及到记叙文、科普类的说明文和应用文；在整个试卷中，阅读理解也是最费时间、比较灵活的部分。从对阅读后的理解方面看：问题已经从过去的原文中找答案和简单地计算，逐步要求根据原文的精神实质发挥自己的想象。在这一部分题中，你会很自然地碰到象“infer（揣测）、imply（暗示）”这一类的词，要求学生根据这个段落揣磨出作者说话的目的、文中说话者的引甚至根据作者已文中没有直接陈述但却有所暗示的内容；深意、．

经谈到的内容，imagine （想象）作者在下一个段落（原文中并没有）可能会说些什么。从试题覆盖的广度上看，一般以交际环境为主，兼涉科技、制作工艺等具体过程。不仅对学生作题速度有较高的要求，而且对其深层理解力，也就是学习语言的扩张力（即职业技能）提出了挑战。 因此，学生素质的提高，一要靠自身临场的发挥，更要靠平时教师对他们学习解题方法的训练有素。教师如果靠时间一题一题的传授，学生靠一题一题地记“会”，那么在考场上最多是个中分低能的机器，就不用说是将来适应社会了。会教的人，往往是教给学生金钥匙；以后来看，管你会不会教学，只要你从事教育教学，你都不光是给学生灌输知识，而必须走向学生“交钥匙”的道路。对教学悟的深，你教给学生金钥匙，悟的不深你交给学生铜钥匙；哪怕你交给学生铁钥匙，也比交给他们现存的金山、银山强。因为现在教材和考试的阅读理解文章中，普遍源于英语报刊的“原汁原味”的真东西越来越多，“国产”英文材料越来越少；没有拿到“钥匙”的人，只能在知识殿堂的门外徘徊。 “应试教育”的教学目的是为了升学，其核心是淘汰式的片面的教育。而职业教育则不同，它切实反映了职业教育的本质，即教育要面向全体学生，充分发展学生个性，使学生在德、智、体、美、劳等方面获得全面发展。职业教育的目的不仅要传授职业技能，更重要的要教会学生如何求知、如何做人、如何生活、如何审美等，为他们今后的工作生活在各方面打好基础。．

大学英语一题库阅读理解_试卷_答案

大学英语一阅读理解 一、阅读理解（共505题,共101分） 1. Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled—to $1. 01 per pack—smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” acro ss the country seeking to kick the habit. This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase. The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely. In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost ＄10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. Charleston, S, C., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation. The price was $4. 78. The influence is obvious. In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys—13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records. Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.” That’s true, But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place, As for today’s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better. （1分） (1) The text is mainly about___________. （0.2分） A.the price of cigarettes B.the rate of teen smoking C.the effect of tobacco tax increase D.the differences in tobacco tax rate 标准答案：C (2) What does the author think is a surprise? （0.2分） A.Teen smokers are price sensitive. B.Some states still keep the tobacco tax low. C.Tobacco taxes improve public health. D.Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise. 标准答案：B (3) The underlined word "deter” in Paragr aph 3 most probably means . （0.2分） A.discarding B.remove C.benefit D.free 标准答案：A (4) Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of . （0.2分） A.tolerance B.unconcern C.doubt D.sympathy 标准答案：D (5) What can we learn from the last paragraph? （0.2分） A.The new tax will be beneficial in the long run. B.Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.