法律英语教程答案

法律英语教程答案

【篇一：法律英语课后习题大全】

how was common law established?

answer: the common law tradition originated in england. a new legal order was established as early as 1066 by the norman conquest, but the common law did not exist in

1066.william the conqueror did not abolish the local customs and the local courts. local courts continued to apply local customs. there was no law common to the whole kingdom. the king did however establish some royal courts at westminster. their jurisdiction was at first very limited but eventually expanded to the point where the local courts fell into disuse. the decisions of the royal courts became the law common to the whole kingdom, the common law.

1.what does the common law tradition include according to the text? answer: according to the text, the common law tradition includes law and equity.

2.how different is the legal system of louisiana from the rest of the united states?

answe

r: the common law was received in many countries such as united states, but the louisiana excepted, because where the civil law was in place before the united states gained jurisdiction.

4．what does “civil law ”mean?

answer: the expression “civil law ”,in latin jus civilis, literally means

the law of the citizens of rome. it is the law of the city of rome, the law applied to a citizen (in latin, civis) of rome as opposed to the law applied to a non-citizen.

5.what is the main difference between the civil law system and common law system?

answer: first and foremost, cases are usually considered to be the primary source of law in common law countries, but in civil law countries, cases are simply not a source of law---at least in theory. civil law jurist will consider the civil code as an all encompassing document, but in common law jurisdictions

legislation tends to be considered as an exception to the case law.

6.what different attitudes do the civil law system and the common law system hold towards case law?

answer: cases are usually considered to be the primary source of law in common law countries, but in civil law countries, cases are simply not a source of law---at least in theory, but cases are becoming more and more relevant in civil law countries, but the attitudes of civilians and common lawyers toward legislation and cases differ greatly.

7.what is significant about the american legal education? how is law school teaching different from ours?

answer: american legal education is very original and in many respects unique. legal education tends to be longer than other common law

countries; law is a postgraduate degree in the u.s.

the teaching style is magisterial----the professor exposes the law to his or her students, who take notes and do not intervene in class.

8. is law degree an undergraduate degree in the u.s.? how do people get a law degree in the u.s.?

answer: no, the law degree is a master degree in the u.s., the students must have at least a bachelors degree in some area

of study, and then to study the law and get the law degree.

9. can you compare the legal method employed in the american legal education and the legal method used in other countries?

answer: american legal education is a very original and in many respects unique. the case method or socratic method is peculiar to this country .it must be clear to you by now that the case method could not have been thought of in a civil law country. in those countries (as in the case in england) law is an undergraduate degree. legal education tends to be longer than in the united states. the teaching style is magisterial-the professor exposes the law to his or her students, who take notes and do not intervene in class.

10. who play an important role in defining the law in civil law system, law professors or judges? what about the common law system?

answer: law professors, because civil law students will read law doctrine more than cases. the doctrine is the cumulated writings of

law professors on what the law is or should be. in civil law the doctrine is considered to be a source of law and a highly respected one. you have to remember that the university, not the courts, reintroduced the civil law in continental europe. it is therefore not surprising that law professors still have an import role in defining the law. common law professors generally do not enjoy a similar prestige within their own jurisdiction. here the judges get most of the prestige. 1. how is case law created?

the decisions of judges, or of other officials empowered by the constitution or laws of a political entity to hear and decide controversies, create case law.

2. what dose a particular decision mean to the parties to a lawsuit?

to the lawyers, judges, and law students?

1) from the point of view of parties to a lawsuit or other contested

controversy, what matters is the immediate outcome, the result the tribunal reaches in their case. it means wether the aggrieved party or damaged party will obtain a remedy.

2) in the view of judges, lawyers and law students, however, the decision

takes on broader perspective. the decision becomes a possible source of general applicable case law.

3. according to professor llwellyn, what creates a legal system of

precedent? why and when?

1) those generalizations contained in, or built upon, past decisions

create a legal system of precedent.

2) because as rules of action arise out of the solution of particular

problems, in any judicial system rules of law arise sooner or later out of such decisions of cases, weather or not such formulations are desired, intended or consciously recognized.

3) when those generalizations are taken as normative for future dispute,

a legal system of precedent created.

4. what might happen if a court follows the precedents

mechanically?

a court that follows precedent mechanically or too strictly will at times perpetuate legal rules and concepts

5. what is the problem remaining in the legal system recognizing past decisions as authoritative sources of law for future cases?

the continuing problem in a legal system that recognizes past decisions as authoritative sources of law for future cases is how to maintain an acceptable accommodation of the competing values of stability in a law, served by adherence to precedent, and responsiveness to social change, which may call for the abandonment of an outworn legal doctrine.

6. explain these two latin terms: “stare decisis” and “res judicata”?

【篇二：法律英语教程第2单元text a翻译】

高法院以“一种强烈地分裂的争议”的方式谈及了堕胎案，这种争议“有寻常案件的判决所不具有的维度”。这种“罕见的有先例的力量”在“最高法院对宪法的解释要求国家级争议中争先的一方通过接受一项普通的指令来停止其国家分裂行为，这一指令通常是有碍的而且有先例的会产生寻常非宪法案件中产生的司法裁定。（？）”

第二，尝试都没有考虑“测试性的个案”诉讼，这种诉讼现在在最高法院以及下级的联邦法院例行公事地考虑。许多讼案都是超越了任何一方的私人利益的真正地“公开法律诉讼”。在整体上，焦点反而几乎只在被提起的议题以及他们对公众的影响上。一个例子就是集体诉讼案，在其中，最初的原告以及他/她的问题可能就是全部，但却有可能被遗忘，但是诉讼无论如何会代表着处于相似境遇的待定的一群人继续下去。

最终，一如将要在下一部分被讨论和在案件中被展示的，宪法条款的解释将远异于法庭将涉及的“寻常”颁布的法律的解释。确实，一些人暗示美国的宪法审查根本就不是司法的，它被更准确地描述为被“小心地隐藏”在法庭终止法律的“谎言”背后的。我们早已看到“司法的哲学”是怎样被感受到/在司法决策中发挥着重要的作用的。许多“司法哲学”的元素都触及了基本的政治价值这一点是很清楚的。如果这一点需要证据，那只需要看一看司法选举的过程即可，尤其是

在最高法院级别的，它们作为一种党派选举运动是最政治化和最怀恶意的。

【篇三：《法律英语文本教程》答案】

t>unit one

part i reading and understanding

exercises i

1.c

2.d

3.b

4.c

5. b

6.b

7.a

8.c

exercises ii

1.i

2.e

3.b

4.f

5.j

6.a

7.c

8.g

9.d10.h

exercises iii

1. 索赔法院 courts of appeals 海关法院 tax courts 军事上诉法院

2. 刑事法院 circuit courts civil courts 未成年人法院遗嘱检验法庭

3. 联邦贸易委员会证券交易委员会核管制委员会 interstate commerce commission 联邦电讯委员会

exercises iv

1.d

2.j

3.a

4. e

5.h

6.f

7.b

8.g

9.i 10.c

exercises v

1. gave top priority to

2. take an appeal to a higher court

3. vests the president with the power to declare war

4. no jurisdiction over

5. in compliance with

6. 我相信证人的证词。

7. 请将你的合同文本作相应的修正。

8. 几乎所有的成员都同意这项提议。

9. 成文法阻止高等法院复查这样一个裁决。

10. 对别国事物的这种干涉开了一个先例，我们希望其他国家不要模仿。 part ii practice of legal terms

1. 单位犯罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员判处刑罚。本法分则和其它法律有规定的，依照规定。

2. 人民法院审判案件，除本法另有规定的以外，一律公开进行。被告人有权获得辩护，人民法院有义务保证被告人获得辩护。

3. 有必要查证这些说法的真实性或虚假性。

part iii case discussion

杰克逊诉运动城公司

一个未成年职业拳击手签订了一个协议，规定无论输、赢或平都有2000美元的报酬。该协议要求他遵守美国拳击协会的规则。该规则

规定任何拳击手违反规定将没收出场费。在比赛中他击打对方腰带

以下部位被判犯规。他提起诉讼，

声称作为未成年人该协议对他无法律效力，但他可以要求执行法律，所以他应该拿到出场费2000美元。

法院判决协议规则是一个有效合同。该协议从整体来看是从保护他

作为一个职业拳击手的利益出发的。规则提倡正大光明地比赛，这

样使他能从事拳击职业。

answer:

1. no, because he broke the rules.

2. yes.

3. sports city stadium

4. play the rules.

彼得诉威廉

画匠头和雇主发生矛盾有一段时间了。在相当长的一段时期里他的

态度和行为是不能令人满意的。一天决定提早下班不再干他应做的

事情。他对雇主说他“对可恶的花房和花园照管得够多了”。他立即

被开除了。

法庭判决雇主的行为是对的。雇员拒绝执行雇工合同范围内的命令

他是滥用了拒绝权。另外，相当长一段时间的怠工也是一个相关的

考虑因素。

answer:

1. in conflict with the boss

2. he left early instead of doing what he was asked to to.

3. employer, because the gardener refused to do what he should do.

4. misconduct for a long time.

part iv translation practice

1. a301

2. appeal

3. shanghai xingming hospital

4. 108 changxing road, xuhui, shanghai

5. shen luda

6. president of xinming hospital

7. no.8 medical company, shanghai

8. 1208 leshan road,shanghai

9. zhou junming

10. manager of the no.8 medical company of shanghai

11. xu 31

12. shanghai xuhui intermediate

13. shanghai no.8 medical company

14.shanghai xingming hospital

15.appellee 16. contract

17.damages

18.harm

19. legal

20. appeal

21. shanghai xingming hospital

22. may 8,2008

unit two

part i reading and understanding

exercises i

1.f

2.f

3.t

4.f

5.t

6.f

7.t

8.f

exercises ii

1c 2i 2h 3a 4e 5j 6b 7g 8f 9d 10.d

exercises iii

1.审判程序 summary proceeding 司法机关 judicial practice

司法实践

2.司法院 jurisdiction of the court 法院审判权民事审判庭即决裁判庭 court of original jurisdiction

3.court summons 速达传票 witness summons 传讯命令公告期间

4. 民事原告 infant plaintiff 原告的辩护律师 criminal defendant 名义上的被告

exercises iv

1.h

2.c

3.j

4.a

5.d

6.f

7.g

8.b

9.i 10.e

exercises v

1. proceeding with the execution of my mother?s will

2. disqualifies her from serving on a jury

3. renounces his right to object to a juror

4. practiced as a solicitor

5. the new law was not constitutional

6. 地方法官拥有有限司法权，尤其是在刑事案件中。

7. 法治的实践,不仅意味着社会管理机构的改革与制度模式的变迁,更意味着人们的法律意识与法制实践的同步更新与发展。

8. 民事诉讼审前程序也称“审前准备程序”，是庭审程序的准备阶段，是指从当事人提起诉讼到开庭审理前的诉讼阶段中所进行的一切程

序步骤。

9. 再审程序是对生效的判决和裁定发现具有法定的情形而进行再次

审理的一种特殊程序,其目的是为了纠正裁判中存在的错误或法官在

审理时所实施的违反法定程序的行为。

10. 依照传统公司法理论,公司终止后其法律人格的丧失必然导致将

不再为终止前的侵害行为承担法律责任。

part ii practice of legal terms

1 有关固定资产折旧的最短年限如下

2.公司由于欠账而受到传票。

3.限制的目的保护公司的客户继续订他们的牛奶，只对“牛奶销售”

有法律效力。

part iii case discussion

太阳电脑技术公司诉月亮软件公司

原告：太阳电脑技术有限公司

被告：月亮软件有限公司

诉讼使馆事由：不公平竞争

判决：第一地区法院判决被告侵害了原稿的权利，应在全国范围的

电脑行业媒体上做公开道歉，赔偿金额等待下一步判决。

原告指控被告在“五一节”那天，在电脑行业的“abc2008”会上召开

一个记者招待会推销其新软件，在他们公开颁布的资料中，被告大

肆诋毁原告的商业信誉，原原告的产品及原告董事长的个人名誉。

另外，被告还把他们的产品和原告的dvd产品作比较并声称原告的

产品功能不全，将会被市场淘汰。

answers:

1.he claimed that the defendant slandered his business prestige, the function of the plantiff?s products and the president personal reputation

2. law of unfair competition

3. the defendant held a news conference to promote its new software “abc2008” in the it on may day.

4. court held that the defendant infringed upon the plaintiff?s right and should make an apology in public on nationwide it media.

part iv translation practice

1． new star garments company

2． 2. regarding company operation

3. lu jia zui, pudong shanghai

4. he yingzi/ xie sili attorneys of prosperity law agency

5. new star garments company

6. new orient shopping mall

7. eveidence

8. an appeal

9. preservation

10. documents

11. appoint

12. he yingzi/ xie sili

13. attorneys

14. power of attorney

15. new satr garments company

16. he yingzi/ xie sili

17. june 1st, 2008

unit three

part i reading and understanding

exercise i

1. the executive branch, the legislative branch, the judicial branch

2. the president, the vice president, the cabinet, and all federal departments and most of government agencies.

3. yes, he is also the president of the senate.

4. 14; they are departments of states, treasury , defense, justices, interior, agriculture, commerce, labor, health and human services, housing and urban development, transportation, energy, education, and veterans affairs.

5. the heads of federal department or the heads of government agencies.

6. the congress. a bill must be passed by two chambers and signed by the president.

7. the senate and the house of representative.

8. no, its jurisdiction is limited, hearing most of its cases on appeal.

exercise ii

1.e

2.f

3.g

4.h

5.j

6. i

7.a

8.b

9.c 10.d

exercise iii.

1. 情况往往是这样在任何情况下 hear the case investigate the case

2. 最高法院高级法官治安法官 do somebody justice 将他绳之以法

3. judicial investigation 明智使用资源 judicial regulations 司法机构

4. 上诉案件 accept appeals from 上述至…… lodge an appeal exercise iv

1.approval

2.nominate

3.specify

4.amend

5.regulate

6.testify

7.jurisdiction

8.hierarchical 9.appeal 10.interpret

exercise Ⅴ

1. 由宪法规定的最高法院

2. 直接上诉至最高法院

3. 联邦法官是由总统提名再经参议院批准。

4. 解决个人与政府之间的法律争端。

5. 总统有权提名高级法院大法官。

6. final decision in any case

7. to hear the certiorari case.

8. immediately below the supreme court

9. subject to impeachment by congress