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高中英语阅读理解基础练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.

Athens and Crete Explorer

Visit Greek's famous capital, Athens, and its largest island, Crete, on this Greece vacation. In Athens, tour the iconic Acropolis and head to nearby Delphi to see the home of the ancient Oracle, before flying to the island of Crete where you can explore its capital, Heraklion, and enjoy its world-famous diet of seafood and cheese.

Duration: 8 Days Prices From: US$ 892

Trip Type: Romance & Honeymoon, Tailor-made Travel Ideas

Designed to thrill people of all ages, this family London vacation explores the sights, history and magic of this great city. Visit the world of Harry Potter, the original Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum, and take the Original London Sightseeing Tour.

Duration: 9 Days Prices From: US$ 634

Trip Type: Family Vacations, Stopovers/City Breaks, Tailor-made Travel Ideas

Explore the two most popular cities of Australia and New Zealand on this air-land tour. Start in Sydney, where you'll tour the Sydney Opera House, sail across the famous harbour, and see koalas and kangaroos at Taronga Zoo. Then head on to Auckland where you'll explore the twin harbours, learn about Maori traditions, and enjoy unbeatable views of the landscape. Duration: 11 Days Prices From: US$ 1,999

Trip Type: Vacation Packages with Airfare

This tour is a true classic designed to give the traveler with limited time a superb introduction to the civilization of Ancient Egypt, focusing on the Nile and its importance to the people. The ancient land of Egypt inspires the imagination like no other. Unlock the land of the Pharaohs on this 9 day journey along the Nile.

Duration: 9 Days Prices From: US$ 1,495

Trip Type: Classics (Bestsellers), Tailor-made Travel Ideas

A. London for Families.

B. Australia & New Zealand.

C. Classic Egypt.

D. Athens and Crete Explorer.

（2）If you are on the trip to London for Families, you will see ________.

A.the ancient Oracle

B.the world of Harry Potter

C.koalas and kangaroos

D.the ancient land of Egypt

（3）From the text, it can be learnt that all the four trips ________.

A.have the same trip type

B.take more than one week

C.take more than US$ 1000

D.enjoy their famous diet

（4）Where is the text probably taken from?

A.A travel brochure.

B.A science fiction.

C.A storybook.

D.A textbook.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个旅游行程。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Athens and Crete Explorer部分中的”Trip Type: Romance & Honeymoon, Tailor-made Travel Ideas“旅行类型：浪漫蜜月，量身定做的旅行创意，可推知，新婚夫妇极可能会选择Athens and Crete Explorer”雅典和克里特岛探险家“。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据London for Families部分中的”Visit the world of Harry Potter“参观哈利波特的世界，可知，如果参加伦敦的家庭之旅，你会看到哈利波特的世界。故选B。（3）考查细节理解题。根据四个旅游行程中Duration（持续时间）的介绍信息“Duration: 8 Days ，Duration: 9Days，Duration: 11Days”可知，这四个旅游行程都超过了一周。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.“我们有很多旅行供您以您的方式探索世界。我们的旅游理念和世界本身一样多样化，旨在让您体验它。请从以下四次旅行开始。可推知，这篇文章可能来自于旅游手册。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries. Peter Tabichi, 36, a maths and physics teacher at Keriko secondary school in Pwani Village, has won the Varkey Foundation Global Teacher Prize 2019.

Tabichi gives away 80% of his income to help the poorest students at the poorly-equipped and overcrowded school who could not otherwise afford uniforms and books. More than 90% of his students are from poor families and almost a third are orphans or have only one parent. Drug abuse, teenage pregnancies, leaving off their studies, young marriages and suicide are common. Students have to walk 7 km along roads that can become impassable in the rainy season to reach

the school and the area can be affected by drought and starvation.

Despite only having one computer, a poor Internet connection and a student-teacher ratio of 58:1, Tabichi started a "talent nurturing club" and expanded the school's science club, helping students design research projects of such quality that many now qualify for national competitions. His students have taken part in international science competitions and won an award from the Royal Society of Chemistry after using local plant life to generate electricity. Tabichi and four colleagues also give struggling students one-to-one tuition in maths and science, visiting students' homes and meeting their families to identify the challenges they face.

Accepting the prize, Tabichi said Africa's young people would no longer be held back by low expectations." Africa will produce scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs whose names will be one day famous in every corner of the world." he said.

（1）What made Peter Tabichi win the prize in 2019?

A. Giving away $ 1 million to education.

B. Teaching in secondary schools for 36 years.

C. Fighting drought and starvation in Africa.

D. Helping the poorer students in rural Kenya.（2）Why did Tabichi start the "talent nurturing club"?

A. To contribute most of his income.

B. To expand national competitions.

C. To guide students to design research projects.

D. To encourage students to grasp opportunities.

（3）Which of the following best describes Peter Tabichi as a teacher?

A. Independent.

B. Caring.

C. Humorous.

D. Interesting.

（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. African education cost is expected to get lower.

B. Africa is in desperate need of young scientists.

C. Tabichi is not pleased until he is known worldwide.

D. Tabichi has high expectations for young Africans.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，肯尼亚农村教师彼得·塔比奇由于资助贫困学生获得了世界最佳教师奖。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries.”一名来自肯尼亚农村的科学教师获得了世界最佳教师奖，并获得了100万美元的奖金，他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学生。可推知，助肯尼亚农村贫困学生让彼得·塔比奇赢得了2019年世界最佳教师奖。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Despite only having one computer, a poor Internet connection and a student-teacher ratio of 58:1, Tabichi started a ‘talent nurturing club’ and expanded the school's science club, helping students design research projects of such quality that

many now qualify for national competitions.”尽管只有一台电脑，网络连接不畅，师生比例为58:1，但他还是创办了一个“人才培养俱乐部”，并扩大了学校的科学俱乐部，帮助学生设计出质量如此之高的研究项目，现在许多学生都有资格参加全国性的竞赛）可知，他创办“人才培养俱乐部”，是为了帮助学生设计一些研究项目。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 mil lion, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries.”一名来自肯尼亚农村的科学教师获得了世界最佳教师奖，并获得了100万美元的奖金，他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学生；及第二段中的“Tabichi gives away 80% of his income to help the poorest students at the poorly-equipped and overcrowded school who could not otherwise aff ord uniforms and books.”塔比奇把他80%的收入捐给了设备简陋、人满为患的学校，帮助那些买不起校服和书籍的最贫困学生。可知，塔比奇将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学校和学生。由此可知，塔比奇是一个非常有爱心的好老师。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Africa will produce scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs whose names will be one day famous in every corner of the world.” 他说“非洲将培养出科学家、工程师和企业家，他们的名字总有一天会在世界各地家喻户晓。可推知，塔比奇对非洲年轻人充满了很高的期望。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

I became a magician by accident. When I was nine years old, I learned how to make a coin disappear. I'd read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells (魔法) — nine being that curious age at which you're old enough to work through more than 1, 200 pages of mysterious fantasy literature but young enough to still hold out hope that you might find a book of real, actual magic in the library. The book I found instead taught basic sleight-of-hand (戏法) technique, and I devoted the next months to practice. Initially, the magic wasn't any good. At first it wasn't even magic; it was just a trick — a bad trick. I spent hours each day in the bathroom running through the secret moves in front of the mirror. I dropped the coin over and over, a thousand times in a day, and after two weeks of this my mom got a carpet sample from the store and placed it under the mirror to eradicate the sound of the coin falling again and again.

I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice — slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion (错觉) in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle. I knew that I had got what I wanted.

One day I made the performance on the playground. We had been playing football and were standing by the backstop in the field behind the school. A dozen people were watching. I showed the coin to everyone. Then it disappeared. The kids screamed. They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant.

（1）What did the author enter the adult section of the library to do?

A. To kill his time.

B. To find a book of magic. C To read The Lord of the Rings. D. To learn knowledge of literature.（2）What does the underlined word "eradicate" in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Get rid of.

B. Give out.

C. Imitate.

D. Distinguish.

（3）What contributed to the author's success?

A. His mother's help.

B. The secret of quick moves.

C. The inspiration from his father.

D. His repeated hard practice.

（4）How would the author feel about the result of his performance on the playground?

A. It's fantastic.

B. It's funny.

C. It's awkward.

D. It's disappointing.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者变成魔术师是偶然的，并且具体讲述了自己九岁时学习如何让硬币消失的经历。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I'd read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells ”我读过《魔戒》，并且冒险进入图书馆的成人区寻找魔法书，可知，作者进入图书馆的成人区是为了寻找魔法书。原文中使用了不定式表达目的。故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段讲述作者一开始练习让硬币消失时的练习经历，他每天要在镜子前练1000遍左右，那么硬币也就会掉在地上1000次左右。所以划线单词所在句子句意应为：两周后，妈妈从店里买了一块地毯，把它放在镜子下面，以掩盖硬币一次又一次落下的声音。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice — slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion (错觉) in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle.”可知，作者是在父亲练习钢琴的经历的启发下，领悟到了练习的真谛，最终取得了成功。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went cr azy. This was brilliant.”，可知作者在操场上表演完硬币消失之后，其他同学欢呼、大小并且都不知道是如何做到的，每个人都很疯狂。作者认为这个经历是非常棒的。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一盘故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Harvard Pre-College Program

to pave the way for a successful college experience.

HERE YOU CAN:

Learn without limits

Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.

Live at Harvard

You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square.

Your plan covers three meals a day, seven days a week.

Have fun outside the classroom

You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance, a Red Sox game at Fenway Park, or a trip to the Museum of Science.

ELIGIBILITY (申请资格)

Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021.

TO APPLY

Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFLor IELTS language proficiency exam.

APPLICATION TIPS

No fee is required to start your application. You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.

The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.

Use a desktop or laptop. You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application. This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.

You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.

（1）Harvard organizes such a program to ______.

A. reduce students' academic pressure

B. select good students to join in Harvard

C. make students obtain high grades in their study

D. help students prepare for their future college life

（2）What can we learn about the program?

A. Students are offered three meals except weekends.

B. It merely has two sessions during one summer.

C. It provides courses on various subjects for students.

D. Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.

（3）If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program, you need to provide ______.

A. a B-2 tourist visa

B. transcripts with your fall 2018 grades

C. scores from the TOEFL exam

D. a recommendation letter from your high school teacher （4）The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______.

A. their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements

B. the application fee should be paid before they start applying

C. it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply

D. they can check the application status in a week

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了哈佛大学帮助学生为大学生活做准备而开设的一个暑期项目的情况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段”Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.“我们的高中生暑期项目是为成功的大学生活铺平道路的。）可知哈佛大学组织了这样一个项目来帮助学生为他们未来的大学生活做准备。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Learn without limits部分中的”Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.“在物理、法律、写作、哲学和其他十几个学科上追求你的兴趣。可知项目为学生提供不同学科的课程。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据TO APPLY部分中的”Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.“完成网上申请，并提供以下材料:50美元的不可退还的申请费;2018年秋季成绩单;签署规章制度。可知如果你是本地学生，想要申请这个项目，你需要提供2018年秋季的成绩单。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据APPLICATION TIPS部分中”* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.“成功申请者的托福成绩一般在103分以上，写作部分25分，雅思至少7.5分，写作部分7分。可知申请者可以从APPLICATION TIPS中了解到他们的托福或雅思成绩应该达到的分数要求。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Antarctica has become one of the world's most popular tourist destinations. Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000

today. All activities in Antarctica are heavily supervised by the Antarctic treaty for environmental protection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).

The first expedition (探险) to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eric Lindblad. He wanted to give tourists first-hand experience of the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continent's role in the world. In 1969, Lindblad built the world's first expedition ship, the MS Lindblad Explorer, which was specifically designed to transport tourists to Antarctica.

In 1977, both Australia and New Zealand started to offer scenic flights to Antarctica through Qantas and Air New Zealand. The flights often flew to the continent without landing and returned to the departure airport. The experience was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours of flying directly over the continent. The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was largely due to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979. In 1994, flights to Antarctica continued again.

Despite the potential dangers and risks, trips to Antarctica continued to grow. According to IAATO, 34,354 travelers visited the continent between 2012 and 2013. Americans contributed to the largest share with 10,677 visitors, or 31.1%, followed by Germans 11.1%, Australians 10.7%, and the British 10.2%. The rest of the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France and elsewhere.

The cost of a trip to Antarctica can range from as little as $3,000-$4,000 to over $40,000, depending on the scope of transportation, housing, and activity needs. The higher end packages typically involve air transport, on-site camping, and a visit to the South Pole.

（1）Which can best replace the underlined word "supervised" in Paragraph 1?

A. Protected.

B. Monitored.

C. Supported.

D. Forbidden.

（2）What's Lars Eric Lindblad's original purpose in getting to Antarctica?

A. To make himself the first explorer to go to Antarctica.

B. To transport more and more tourists to Antarctica.

C. To get first-hand experience of precious resources.

D. To let people know the significance of the continent.

（3）What do we know about the flights to Antarctica?

A. They were once cancelled for more than ten years due to dangers.

B. Natural conditions of Antarctica are unable to support their landing.

C. It takes 14 hours to fly from New Zealand to Antarctica directly.

D. Air New Zealand has much success in developing Antarctic tourism.

（4）What can be learned from the passage?

A. It is very convenient for Americans to travel to Antarctica.

B. The travelers usually have 4 hours' sightseeing on the continent.

C. The number of people travelling to Antarctica is increasing.

D. New Zealand is the first country to offer scenic flights to Antarctica.

（5）What's the best title for the text?

A. The development of Antarctica

B. Antarctica, a dream tourist attraction

C. The history of tourism in Antarctica

D. IAATO, a great organization

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了南极洲已经成为世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，同时按照时间顺序说明了南极洲的旅游业历史，尽管存在潜在的危险和风险，前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加，以及南极洲之旅的费用情况。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的”by the Antarctic treaty for environmental pro tection purposes and the industry is largely managed by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO).“可知由于南极洲的旅行人数增多，为了保护环境，在南极洲的所有活动都受到《南极条约》的严格监督，旅游业主要由国际南极旅游经营者协会管理。故可推测划线单词意思为“监督”。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”He wanted to give tourists first-hand experience of the ecological sensitivity of the Antarctic environment, in order to educate them and promote a greater understanding of the continent's role in the world.“他想让游客亲身体验南极环境的生态敏感性，以便教育他们，并促进他们更好地了解南极在世界上的作用。可知Lars Eric Lindblad去南极洲的最初目的是为了让人们知道南极洲大陆的重要性。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”The flights from Australia and New Zealand stopped in 1980. It was largely due to the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident on November 28, 1979. In 1994, flights to Antarctica continued again.“来自澳大利亚和新西兰的航班于1980年停飞。这主要是由于1979年11月28日新西兰航空公司901航班的事故。1994年，前往南极洲的飞行再次继续。可知飞往南极洲的航班曾经因为危险而被取消了十多年。故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has increased from several hundred to over 34,000 today.“自1969年以来，到南极洲大陆的平均游客人数已经从几百人增加到今天的34000多人；以及倒数第二段中的”Despite the potential dangers and risks, trips to Antarctica continued to grow.“尽管存在潜在的危险和风险，前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加。可知前往南极洲的人数正在增加。故选C。

（5）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的”The first expedition to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966, led by Swedish explorer Lars Eri c Lindblad.“1966年，由瑞典探险家Lars Eric Lindblad带领的探险队首次随旅行者前往南极洲。以及文章主要内容为介绍南极洲旅游行业的历史，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇旅游类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Standing desks have become common across Silicon Valley, offering health benefits to those

willing to work on their feet. However, due to their high price, they have failed to catch on until now. Recently, Ikea has brought out Bekant convertible(可变换的) standing desk that can become a normal desk at the touch of a button. The $500 adjustable desk can transform from a standard desk to a standing one, and Ikea hopes it could make the standing desk mainstream.

Experts say that changing from a seated to a standing desk can improve productivity. Similar desks have become a common sight at tech firms such as Google, where some employees have even installed treadmill (跑步机) and bicycle desks.

The desk is not the first "convertible" on the market. As early as 2013, Stir Kinect brought out an adjustable desk. The $3,890 Stir Kinect desk has a motor to raise and lower itself, changing it into a standing desk or a traditional desk. The desk can even be programmed to move up and down slightly, making it appear to take a gentle breath to remind the user to change their positions. To move between sitting and standing positions, owners simply double tap on the screen. The desk can learn the user's preferences over time and suggest the best seating position. The Stir Kinect desk was created by a team of ex-Apple and Disney engineers. It has a built-in touch screen to control and track movement, and can tell users exactly how many calories they burn by standing during their working day. It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones, to keep cables hidden.

"Ikea's height-adjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market, " said JP Labrosse, founder and CEO of Stir.

（1）What is the text mainly about?

A. Ikea has brought out an adjustable standing desk.

B. Silicon Valley offered health benefits to officials.

C. Google formed their tech firms to design bicycle desks.

D. The Stir Kinect desk will become mainstream in the market.

（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A. Before Bekant desk, similar adjustable desks have been widely used.

B. The seated desks will take the place of the standing desks in the future.

C. Compared to the Stir Kinect desk, the Bekant desk is much cheaper.

D. The adjustable desks were designed by the Apple and Disney Company.

（3）The Stir Kinect desk______.

A. can breathe in and breathe out by pressing the button once

B. can charge phones by using a device containing power point

C. can tell you how many calories you need for a walk

D. can advise you to do more exercise at a proper time

（4）What can we infer from the last sentence given by JP Labrosse?

A. Ikea's adjustable desk will be popular with average people.

B. Ikea will have to sell furniture at a lower price in the future.

C. This height adjustable table can only be found in Ikea.

D. It is not necessary for Ikea to open up the market at all.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，站立式办公桌在美国硅谷已经比较常见，宜家近日推出了一款名为BEKANT的可调节的站立式办公桌，这种桌子对愿意站立式工作的人健康有益。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段可知，站立式办公桌在美国硅谷已经比较常见，对愿意站立式工作的人健康有益。宜家近日推出了一款名为BEKANT的可调节的站立式办公桌，使用者只需按一下按钮便可将其从普通高度调节至站立式高度。宜家希望这款办公桌占领市场，成为主流，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知“Bekant convertible standing desk”售价为$500；而第三段中是Stir Kinect desk售价为$3,890，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"It also has devices containing power points and USB ports for charging phones, to keep cables hidden."Stir Kinect还设置了充电接口以及USB接口，可用于手机充电，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ikea's height-adjustable desk is great for opening up the lower end of the market,”宜家的可调节办公桌有助于打开低端市场，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a "joker" to join their planned mission to Mars.

A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens.

"When you're living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur," Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told The Guardian.

This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. "These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together," Johnson said.

In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.

There are other examples of team "clowns". One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen's team, was a "clown". He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.

But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won't happen.

"Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job," Johnson said. "They also need to be an excellent engineer."

Besides, they must be in top physical condition.

（1）What is NASA's new job listing?

A. A funny engineer.

B. A talented clown.

C. A good cook.

D. A popular comedian.（2）What does "a confined space" in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. a full space

B. an empty space

C. an open space

D. a small space.（3）How does the author think humor can help astronauts?

A. It can stop them from feeling bored.

B. It can promote teamwork on a mission.

C. It can make them feel less homesick.

D. It can help them know themselves better.

（4）What's the author's purpose of giving the example of the cook?

A. To tell us that what explorers eat on their journey is very important.

B. To prove that an amateur can play a more important role than a professional.

C. To make the point that humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.

D. To reveal that a mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航员一起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。

（1）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job,’ Johnson said. ‘They also need to be an excellent engineer.’”可知，美国宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程师，故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ such as on a mission to Mars, ”可知，与在地球上生活的宽广空间不同，在火星任务中，你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段时间，由此可知画线词词义为“狭小的空间、有限的空间”，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“These are. people that have the ability to pull everyone together,”可知，幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起，也就是说幽默能够促进宇航员在任务中的团队合作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way t o know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress.”可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话又说有很多团队小丑的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起来，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

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Tour Highlights:

Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors

Try biking on the Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi' an, or tour by electric car

Enjoy the Three Gorges scenery on Yangtze River & feel totally relaxed

From $ 1, 879 per person

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Tour Highlights:

Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors

Experience the Bund, classical garden, modern and old in contrast in Shanghai

Feel the lively atmosphere & explore busy markets freely in Hong Kong

Walk into a local family, learn to cook Chinese food & dine with the hosts in their home

From $ 2, 499 per person

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Tour Highlights:

Must-see sights in China－the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Warriors, Giant Pandas

Come to Chengdu，the hometown of giant pandas to visit and observe the cute creature

Cruise on the meandering Li River & admire Guilin landscape

Walk into a local Chinese family, interact & dine with the hosts in their home

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（1）What do Tour Route 1 and Tour Route 2 have in common?

A. They have cycling activities.

B. They include a visit to Tibet.

C. Visitors enjoy the Three Gorges scenery.

D. Visitors pay the same amount of money.

（2）What is special about Tour Route 2?

A.Tourists can travel by bike.

B.Tourists can visit a huge dam.

C.Tourists can dine with a family.

D.It is the most expensive of the four.

（3）Where can visitors enjoy China's rare animals?

A.Tour Route 1.

B.Tour Route 2.

C.Tour Route 3.

D.Tour Route 4.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四条旅游路线。

（1）kc 细节理解。根据Route 1部分中的“Have a leisurely walk or an exciting bicycle ride on the time-honored City Wall of Xi'an”及 Route 2部分中的“Try biking on th e Ming Dynasty City Wall of Xi' an”可知，这两条路线的共同之处是都有骑行活动，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Route 2部分中的“Enjoy the Three Gorges scenery on Yangtze River”可知，在Route 2中你可以欣赏到长江三峡风光，也就是说Route 2的特别之处是你可以参观三峡大坝，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Route 4部分中的“Come to Chengdu，the hometown of giant pa ndas to visit and observe the cute creature”可知，在Route4中你可以看到中国的珍稀动物大熊猫，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

9．（2019?浙江）阅读理解

Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."

People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “Peopl e of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, "said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.

"What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles," Bridges said. "There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.

While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.

"After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. "Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”

（1）What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?

A. Money spent without hesitation.

B. Money not legally made.

C. Money offered without conditions.

D. Money not tied together.

（2）What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?

A. Women tended to be more sociable.

B. The activity attracted various people.

C. Economic problems were getting worse.

D. Young couples needed financial assistance.（3）Why did Bridges carry out the project?

A. To do a test on people's morals.

B. To raise money for his company.

C. To earn himself a good reputation.

D. To promote kindness and sympathy.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】这是一则新闻报道，讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站，竖起了一块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子，上面写着“留下你能给予的，拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱，但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。

（1）词义猜测题。根据下文第二段开头while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the btoard 可知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换，需要的从上面拿钱，有富余的可以在上面留钱。这些钱是没有附加条件的。故答案为C。

（2）推理判断题。题干中的bride是Tyler Bridges 举的一个例子，为了证明前一句People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took，即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。故答案为B。

（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中

Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy可知他发起这个活动的目的是让人们展示慷慨和同情。故答案为D。

【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句，阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨，弄清细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子，从而得到需要的答案。

10．阅读理解

Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.

Beijing, as a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit. The capital of the country has long been campaigning for sorting and recycling household waste, as part of its environmental drive for sustainable growth, local media reported.

The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how they're responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities.

The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation, "Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal," said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban

Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan ($30)for trash-sorting violations. The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.

The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others-and leave it in a corresponding dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins signify items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.

To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.

Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported. Nearly 26,000 metric tons of household waste is generated across Beijing on a daily basis and 29 terminal garbage disposal facilities are working at full capacity. Nearly 9.3 million tons of household waste was processed in the city last year.

（1）According to the passage, which dustbins should some used coke cans be thrown into?

A. Grey-colored dustbins.

B. Red-colored dustbins.

C. Green-colored dustbins.

D. Blue-colored dustbins.

（2）We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. new technology has been applied to help deal with garbage

B. Beijing carried out a more severe rule on garbage sorting than Shanghai

C. the change of the current regulation has aroused objection among citizens

D. the amount of household waste in Beijing is far from something disturbing

（3）What is the best title for the text?

A.How to Sort Garbage in China

B.The Current Regulation in Beijing

C.Garbage Collection in Beijing

D.Waste Recycling Project Counts

（4）The passage can be sorted as ________.

A.a book review

B.a travel brochure

C.an environment report

D.a geography essay

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Blue-colored dustbins signify items within are recyclable,”可知，蓝色垃圾箱装的是可回收垃圾，而用过的可乐罐属于可回收垃圾，应投入蓝色垃圾箱内，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points”可知，有了智能设备，那些将垃圾投入到指定垃圾箱的市民将获得奖励积分，由此可知，新技术已应用于帮助处理垃圾，故选A。

（3）考查主题大意。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“Beijing, a s a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit.”可知，本文主要介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是垃圾分类在北京的实施情况，这属于环保话题，因此文章可能是一份环境报告，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

Alison Malmon was ending her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania. US, when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness.

Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today's young people face.

"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect." A new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today's society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US, Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called "socially-prescribed (社会定向型的) perfectionism" increased by a third between 1989 and 2016.

Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society, meaning young people can't avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.

For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their "achievement anxieties" onto their kids through "too much participation in their child's activities or emotions

Those in the mental health community like Malmon say they're concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. "Mental health has truly become this generation's social justice (公正)issue," she said. "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."

（1）What inspired Alison Malmon to start a group related to mental health?

A.Her brother's mental illness.

B.Her project during the freshman year.

C.The pressure she had experienced.

D.Her strong interest in mental health.

（2）What may be pushing today's young people to struggle to be perfect, according to the article?

a. The impact of social media.

b. Parents' high expectations of their children.

c. The decreasing number of college students.

d. The fierce competition in society.

e. Their desire to draw their parents' attention.

A.a, b, c

B.a, d, e

C.a, b, d

D.b, c, e

（3）What does Malmon think is a way to help young people manage the pressure of perfectionism?

A.Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure.

B.Lowering their expectations of themselves.

C.Reducing parents' involvement in their children's life.

D.Making them aware of what true social responsibility is.

（4）What is the article mainly about?

A.A new study on college students.

B.Research into the trend of perfectionism.

C.A group devoted to helping people stay mentally healthy.

D.Various pressures that today's young people are facing.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了完美主义给当代年轻人带来的巨大压力，并分析了完美主义出现的具体原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness. “；以及第二段中的”Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health."可知正是Malmon的哥哥Brian患上了精神病让Malmon决定创办一个研究精神病的研究小组。故

选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society…That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education."可知社交媒体不是年轻人所面临压力的唯一原因，当代社会的激烈竞争以及父母对孩子教育成功的期待都是重要原因。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."可知Malmon认为年轻人应该让人们知道精神健康方面的问题不是他们的错误，而是社会以及父母给他们带来的。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，前两段导入话题：完美主义给年轻人带来了巨大的精神压力，人们组建了研究团队对此进行研究。第三段第一句点明主题"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect."下文分析了完美主义产生的具体原因，并提出了年轻人的应对方法。所以本文主要讲述的是对完美主义的研究。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.

Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains , is important for critical (有判断力的)thinking , problem-solving and decision-making.

So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in naure, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.

Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.

At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.

（1）What is David Strayer's opinion?

A. Americans dislike outdoor activities.

B. Electronic equipment should be quitted.

C. New technologies are a double-edged sword.

D. Electronic equipment brings great convenience.

（2）Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?

A. To try another lifestyle.

B. To refresh our brain.

C. To make better decisions.

D. To play with our family and friends.

（3）What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?

A. Reborn

B. Memorable

C. Remarkable

D. Tiring

（4）Which is the proper title for the passage?

A. Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain.

B. Good Rest Develops Good Memory.

C. Tips on Using New Technologies.

D. Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain可知，电子产品和网络信息给我们带了方便，也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力，故可知，科技是一把双刃剑，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature , Strayer claims , helps get a tired brain away from too much technology.可知，亲近大自然，可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离科技产品，让大脑获得休息，故选B。

（3）词义猜测题。根据前文Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do.可知，喜欢露营，呆在户外让他感到轻松，能够为必须做的工作做好准备，故可知这个过程是一个再生的过程，让大脑休息的过程，故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

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