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新概念英语句子成分基础知识讲解详情

新概念英语句子成分基础知识讲解详情
新概念英语句子成分基础知识讲解详情

新概念英语句子成分基础知识讲解详情

在高中新概念的课程上,发现很多学生已经学了多年英文了,但这

部分基础知识掌握的并理想。原因有两点,第一,没有考题会直接考

你分析句子成分,所以认为能够不学,第二,觉得难。

但是这个部分内容却是英文基础里面很重要的模块,在口语、写

作中能够帮你表达出准确的句子,能够帮你提升阅读速度,能够帮你

分析很多其它语法问题。比如一些同学认为各种从句难学,比如状语

从句、定语从句、表语从句等等,多年教学发现弄不懂从句的根本,

是没弄清楚句子成分。都不知道宾语、表语为何物,如何弄懂宾语从句、表语从句为何物?而其实真正掌握了句子成分的基础,这些从句的

问题都会迎刃而解。

有些同学可能会觉得句子成分太多了,分不清楚。但其实没想象

的多,里面有几个大家基本都有一定了解了,而且也比较简单,剩下

需要学习的也就三四个,所以完全没有想象中复杂。

主语:这个应该不用多说,“主”说明这个东西很重要,类似家

里的主人,它的位置一般位于句首。比如: He laughed. The dog

runs fast.里面的He, The dog。

谓语:相信大家都听说过谓语动词,因为谓语就是由动词构成的。比如上面两个句子中的laughed,runs就是谓语。

宾语:在教学过程中发现到宾语部分,就有一些学生开始放弃了,所以这里是关键。“宾”其实对应的就是“主”。主人是动作的发出者,而宾客则是动作的接受者。所以宾语大家记住一句话就能够了:

宾语是动作对象或动作的接受者,一般在谓语动词后。比如:I love you. I ate your dog.里面的you, your dog.分别是动作的对象,吃

的对象。

表语:如果你能搞定表语的话其实你已经超越很大一部分学生了。表语大家同样只需记住一句话:表语表达主语,一般在系动词后。比如:She is a teacher. They got angry. It sounds great.都不用

我说哪是表语吧?就是a teacher, angry, great。(最常见的系动词就是be动词,还有一些感官动词也会兼职做系动词)

定语:限定名词,一般翻译成“…的”。比如:She is a beautiful/rich/funny teacher.里面的形容词翻译成中文就是漂亮的、富有的、搞笑的,做定语。

状语:倒数第二个成分啦,状语需要掌握的内容有两条:一、状

语一般是副词性,修饰形容词、副词、动词。比如:She is a very funny teacher. 里面funny 前面的very 就是修饰funny,这个形容

词表示搞笑的水准。再比如:The dog runs very fast. 里面的fast

作为副词,修饰动作,表面跑的快,而very作为副词修饰副词fast

表示水准。二、位于句首或句尾的一些时间地点,我们一般也分别称

之为时间状语、地点状语。比如新概念二册的第一句话:Last week I went to the theater. 里面的时间Last week.第二课第三行的:It was dark outside.里面的outside.

宾补:最后一种成分了,其实不大需要担心这个成分,因为它并

不常见,只有为数不多的一些动词后面能够跟这个成分,顾名思义它

应该是补充宾语的。首先这个句子会有宾语,而宾补在宾语后面。比如:新概念二册第四课的最后一个句子:…he is finding this trip very exciting. 里面的this trip 作为动词find的对象,做宾语,

而宾语后面还有very exciting.对this trip实行补充,所以叫宾补。

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

初中英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 (一)、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候,首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”?或者是一件“什么事”?或者是一件“什么物体”,等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分,它可能是一个词,也可能是一个词组,还有可能是一个从句,甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以,英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外,英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”,例如:It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. (名词作主语) 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (不定式短语作主语) 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. (从句作主语) 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. (二)、谓语

2019届高考英语句子成分

2019届高考英语句子成分 语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: during the 1990s, american country music has become more and more popular.(名词) we often speak english in class.(代词) one-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) to swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) the rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) when we are going to have an english test has not been decided.(主语从句) it is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式 主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:he practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:you may keep the book for two weeks. he has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:we are students.(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: our teacher of english is an american.(名词) is it yours?(代词) the weather has turned cold.(形容词) the speech is exciting.(分词) three times seven is twenty one?(数词) his job is to teach english.(不定式) his hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) the machine must be out of order.(介词短语) time is up. the class is over.(副词) the truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习

主语(subject ): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 谓语(predicate ): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语(predicative ): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don ’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I ’m poor, I can ’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) (常见的系动词有: be, sound (听起来), look (看起来), feel(摸起来,smell (闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是), feel (感觉) ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语: 1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn ’t come here. (名) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don ’t let him do that. (省to 不定式) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to 不定式) Don ’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I ’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词) 主补:对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词) We belong to the third world. (数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词) The trees planted last year are growing well now.过分 I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)

高考英语句子成分分析报告

Part1英语句子成分 一、词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:

The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 练一练:指出下例句中主语的中心词。 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: 由单一动词作谓语:We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词:We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语:She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.

高考英语-句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

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