unit 1 the great scientists
Unit 1Great scientists
Period 1 Words & expressions
Teaching Important Points
1. Have the students discuss great scientists.
2. Encourage the students to hold their views about their future career.
Understand and learn the following words and expressions: impression constant previous guide surrounding tolerate lack adjustment press fasten switch desert typist instant greedy representative settlement optimistic aspect uncertain citizen swallow dustbin flash take up be back on ones feet lose sight of sweep up slide into speed up as a result
be similar to... in all directions show...around suffer from
Teaching Difficulties
1. What can we learn from the scientists?
2. What should we do in our daily life to develop our interest and love for science?
Teaching Aids
CAI equipment with a Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge Aims
1. Learn something about some famous scientists in the world.
2. Know about the outstanding discoveries, inventions and theories from some well-known scientists.
3. Try to understand and learn the important words and expressions.
Ability Aims
1. Develop the students’ability of speaki ng.
2. Encourage the students to give more information about the great scientists.
Emotional Aims
1. Encourage the students to learn more about the great scientists and learn from them.
2. Help the students to form the good habit in learning and encourage the students to take part in social practice.
3. Help the students to realize that it is scientific spirit that makes those scientists successful.
4. Encourage the students to develop their love for science.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Greeting
Step 2 Lead in
T: I’m very glad to see you all here. After a long holiday, all of you look energetic and happy. I hope that we will work hard together happily all through the year. I do believe that a bright future is waiting for you. We are sure to realize our dreams in the near future. By the way, I’d like to know what you would like to be in the future. Let me share your dreams. Anyone who gives your idea will get a star for your group. Ready? Go!
S: I admire Yang Liwei very much, who is a great honour to our m otherland. I’d like to be an astronaut like him.
T: Yeah, the spacecraft, Shenzhou V, orbited the earth 14 times in 21 hours, making China the third country to have successfully sent an astronaut into space. I hope you will realize your dream.
Ss: ...
T: I’m so glad to share your dreams. Your ambition and careful thoughts really leave a good and amazing impression on me. I like them. In this unit, you will learn something about“Great scientists”.Maybe you will know what you need in your efforts to realize your
dreams after we talk about some world-famous scientists. Before we come to“Warming up”, I’d like you to come to the new words in this unit, which will help you to learn this unit.
Step 3 Words and expressions
Task 1词性拓展
1.examine v.→ n._________________
2.analyse v. → n._________________
3.attend v. →n.___________________
4.announce v. →n.________________
5.instruct v. →n.__________________
6.contribute v. →n.________________
7.enthusiastic. →n.________________
8.conclude v →n.____________________
9.repeat v. →n.______________________
10.expose v. →n._____________________
11.enquiry n. →v._____________________
12. construction n. →v._________________
13. positi ve a. →（反）________________
14.cautious a. →n.____________________
Task 2短语翻译.
1.提出_________________________
2.讲得通_______________________
3.使显露_______________________
4.除…之外______________________
5.对…严格________________________
6.得出结论________________________
7.将…和…联系起来_________________
8.导致,引起________________________
Task 1 单词拼写
请根据汉语提示或首字母写出单词的正确形式
单词拼写（根据句意及所给首字母写出正确的单词）
1. The bell rang, a________the end of the class.
2. The hurricane lasted a week, causing millions of d__________.
3. The new railway station under (建设)___________will be completed by the end of the year.
4. It is Mary rather than you who is to b_________for the accident.
5. Mary is advised to have her eyes (检查)__________ without delay.
6. A_____________the conference is a great honour to him.
7. It took the firemen ten hours to bring the fire under c_____________.
8. You must be very careful to h____________ such a complex case.
9. It is said that the a___________people have been separated from others.
10. Tom is so c____________ a driver as never causes accidents.
Task 2 短语运用
1)用本单元短语翻译下列句子；
2)将5句话合并成一篇短文，可适当增加信息（选做题）。
1.西蒙的语文老师对西蒙要求很严格。
____________________________________________
2.他经常提出问题让西蒙回答。
_______________________________________________
3.除此之外,他还叫西蒙从一些课文中得出结论。
____________________________________
4.他甚至还写出一些句子,问西蒙它们是否通顺。
____________________________________
5.老师的这些做法使西蒙进步很快。
_______________________________________________
T: Now, let’s check the answers. You have done a good job. I will give you some more minutes to go over all the words and expressions and then fill in the blanks with proper forms of some of them from this unit.
词性拓展
1.examination
2.conclusion
3.analysis
4.announce
5.instruction
6. contribution
7.enthusiasm
8.conclusion
9.repetition 10.exposure 11.enquiry
12.construction 13.negative 14.caution
短语翻译
1.Put forward
2.be strict with
3.make sense
4.draw a conclusion
5.expose to
5.link to 7.apart from 8.lead to
单词拼写
1. announcing
2. deaths
3. construction
4. blame
5. examined
6. Attending
7. control 8 handle 9. affected 10. cautious
句子翻译
1.Simon’s language teacher is very strict with hin.
2.He often puts forward questions for Simon to ansewer.
3.Apart from this, he asks Simon to draw conclusions from some texts.
4.He even wrote out some sentences and asked him whether they make sense.
5.The teacher’s practice led to Simon’s rapid progress.
4. Homework
Preview the first Reading on page 2.
5. Reflection
Period 2 &3 Warming up & Reading
Teaching Important Points
1. Have a good understanding of the text by doing the exercises.
2.Get the students to learn different reading skills, especially gist reading and comprehending beyond lines.
3. Help students master the usage of key words and useful expressions; put sentence patterns into practice.
Teaching Difficulties
Know the meanings between lines and beyond lines.
Learn different reading skills for different reading purposes.
Teaching Aids
Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge Aim
Have a good understanding of the text through the exercises.
Ability Aims
Grasp some reading skills.
Develop the ability to describe some famous scientists.
Emotional Aims
Encourage the students to work hard at their lessons in order to devote themselves to science.
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Greeting
Step 2 Revision
Dictate some words and expressions learned last periods.
Step 3 Warming up
To learn about some several great scientists and theirs contributions, then finish the small quiz in Warming up.
Famous scientists Discoveries/Inventions/Theories
A.Isaac Newton 1.Evolution (进化论)
B.Charles Darwin 2.Discovery of Radium（镭）
C.Madame Curie 3.Newton’s Law
D.Albert Einstein 4.Electric bulb
E.Thomas Alva Edison 5.Theory of Relativity
F.Nicolaus Copernicus 6.Seismograph
G.Stephen Hawking7.A Brief History of Time
H.Zhang Heng8.The earth moves around the sun.
(Check the answers with all the students: A—3, B—1, C—2, D—5, E—4, F—8, G—7, H—6.)
Step 4 Pre-reading
T: There are so many scientists that we can’t count them. But all the scie ntists must have their scientific attitude and scientific way to do scientific research. Now open your books on Page 1.Look at the questions in Pre-reading quickly and discuss them with your partner in two minutes.
(Teacher gives the students two minutes to discuss. After that, the teacher asks them to answer the first question, then check the answer with all the students) Find a problem Make a question -> Think of a method -> Collect results -> Analyze the results -> Find supporting evidence -> Draw a conclusion
Step 5 Reading
First reading: Scanning
1.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
B. The cause of Cholera was polluted water.
C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D. How did John Snow collect, analyze data and find the cause of the disease and
solved it .
2. After fast reading the passage, number these events in order that they happened on Page
3.
Suggested answer: 1.D 2. 2,1,5,3,7,8,4,6
Second reading: Detailed-reading
Read Jo hn S now Defeats “King Cholera” on Page 2, fill in the stages of a scientific experiment at the top of each paragraph and write down the evidence or approach John
Suggested answer:
Stages in an experiment
1.find a problem 2 make a question 3 think of a method 4 collect results
5. analyze the results 6 find supporting evidence 7 draw a conclusion
Example in this investigation:
1. What causes cholera?
2. Which theory is correct?
3. Collect data on those who fell ill or died and where they lived.
4. Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.
5.Find out where they got their water. analyze the water to see if it is the cause of the deaths.
6. Find other evidence to support the analysis.
7. It was certain that polluted water carried the disease. The source of all drinking water should be examined to make sure it is safe.
Step 6 Analyze the following sentences
1．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
every time在此句中的作用是_________________.翻译成:________________.
和它有类似用法的短语有each time, any time, next time, the first time, the last time等。
(1)每次我去看他,他都是在教室里看书.
____________________________, he is absorbed in reading tin the classroom. （2）每当我听到这首音乐，我就想起我的童年。
_______________________________, I will think of my childhood.
2. a woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump
so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
have sth done 让某人干某事，请别人干某事，遭遇某事；
(1)你最好明天情人把那扇破门修好。
You’d better ____________________________________________
(2)昨天他在打篮球时摔断了手腕。
Yesterday he ____________________when playing basketball.
比较：the first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.
John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
两句中的suggest有什么不同用法？
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
Task 2 language points
1.Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出了黑洞的理论?
(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等)
(2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名May I put your name forward as our monitor?
相关短语：
put away抛弃;舍弃put down 写下来;记入名单put on 穿上;戴上;增加put off 耽误;延期put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭(火) put up 建立;建造
put up with…忍受
2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.过去分词作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”.如:
The book written by Luxun is very popular.
expose v.(1) to make visible 暴露“expose ….to….”
He exposes his skin to the sun. ________________________________________
(2) to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of …揭露;揭发
He exposed their plot._________________ _______________________
I threatened to expose him ( to the police)._________________ expose sth. to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下
(1). The wolf opened its mouth to ______ a row of sharp teeth.
(2). Don’t ______ your skin to the sun; your skin will be hurt.
3.It seemed that the water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。
blame sb. / sth. for sth./ be to blame
翻译：It’s not fair to blame me. It’s not m y fault.____________________________. They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.__________________________.
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.__________________________.
He is ready to take the blame for what had happened._________________________. 4．handle v.（找到下列句子中相对应的意思并翻译句子）
A. 操作; 运用
B. 经销; 买卖
C. 管理
D. 对待
E. 应付
F. 控制; 管理
a. Ms Hawkins, the chief accountant of the company handles the company's accounts
b. The children are so naughty that I can't handle them.
c. She handled a difficult argument skillfully.
d. Handle children kindly, if you want them to trust you.
e. This shop handles paper and stationery.（文具）
f. He learnt how to handle the axe.
5. attend v.注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with；出席；到场；照看；照料
=take care/look after
常用结构：
attend school/college 上学/上大学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼
attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；伺候；照料
We’ll attend to the problem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题。
Which doctor is attending you? 哪个医生为你看病?
6. absorb vt.吸收；吸引；吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）；汲取，理解（知识等）；使全神贯注；吸引（注意等），后常接介词in/by；合并（公司等）；吞并；常接介词into；承受；经受。
联想拓展:
absorbed adj.精神集中的absorbing adj.十分吸引人的
absorb from sth. 从……中吸收be absorbed in 专心于，全神贯注于
Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。
The old man was completely absorbed in the book.
老人全神贯注地读这本书。
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城镇已并入。
Step 7 Consolidation
用下列词的适当形式填空。
1）expose
①In summer, the sun can be very harmful to your skin.
②The soil was washed away by the flood, bare rock.
2）aborb
①那个人因为看报纸太入神而撞到了墙上。，the man walked into a wall.
②他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演，舍不得离开。
They were the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.
3）blame
We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that for their son’s bad performance at school.
A. are to blame
B. is to be blamed
C. are to be blamed
D. is to blame
（2）翻译句子
①看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。
②这件事谁也不能怨。
③他指责你玩忽职守。
Suggested answers:
1.充当连词，“每次”
1) Every time I go to see him.
2) Every time I listen to the music.
2. (1) you’d better have the broken door repaired tomorrow.
(2) yesterday he had his wrist broken.
3. 第一句中的suggest 翻译成“暗示，表明”，后接宾语从句用陈述句语气，第二句中翻译成“建议’,后接宾语从句用虚拟语气。
Task 2
2. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋. 我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.expose, expose
3.(1) 责怪我是不公平的，不是我的错
（2）他们因为计划的推迟而责备秘书
3）他们因为计划的推迟而责备秘书
（4）他已经准备好了为所发生的事负责
4. 1.C 2.F 3.E 4.D
5.B
6.A
翻译
1 ① being exposed to ② exposing
2 ①Deeply absorbed in the newspaper
②so deeply absorbed in watching
3 D
①It seemed that the water was to blame for cholera.
②Nobody is to blame for it.
③He blames you for neglect of duty.
Step 8 Homework
1. Learn the useful new words and expressions in this part by heart.
2. Read the reading passage again and try to say or write something about how John Snow defeated “Ling Cholera”.
3. Finish off the Exercise in Learning about language.
Step 9 Reflection
Periods 4 Grammar
P.P used as the attribute, predicative & object complement Teaching Important Point
To learn about the past participle used as the attribute and the predicative.
Teaching Difficulty
To know the differences between the past participle and the present participle.
Teaching Aids
Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge Aim
To learn about the past participle used as the attribute and the predicative.
Ability Aim
To use the past participle used as the attribute and the predictive freely and properly in speaking and writing.
Emotional Aims
Encourage the students learn more about the grammar.
Help the students to form the good habit in learning.
Encourage the students to do more exercises to consolidate their knowledge.
Teaching Procedure
Step 1 Greeting
Step 2 Revision
Step 3 Presentation
T: Today we will learn the grammar—past participle used as the attribute and the predicative. First look at your text on Page 4, part I. Look at the following sentences where the past participles are used.
T: In this sentence the past participle is used as an attribute phrase. Terrified people means people who were terrified. Now please find two more examples from the reading passages with past participles used as the attribute. You are allowed to find as many sentences as possible in two minutes.
(Two minutes later, ask the students to report what they have found.)
First observe the position, usage and rules of past participle in each phrases or sentences, then write down them on the following lines.
1) a respected guest
2) The wounded soldiers were taken good care of in the hospital.
3）a retired teacher
4) The children are cleaning the fallen leaves in the schoolyard.
Rule:
5) Who were the guests invited to the party last night?
Rule:
6) The teacher seemed quite delighted at the idea.
She looked worried after reading the letter.
When we heard of the story, we were deeply moved.
Rule:
7) In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed.
Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.
Rule:
Suggested answers :
1）、2）受尊敬的；受到了良好的照顾。单个的过去分词作前置定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表被动。
3）、4）退休的；落下的。单个的过去分词作前置定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表完成。
5）昨晚被邀参加聚会的。过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语，作用相当于一个定语从句。（=that were invited to the party last night）6）高兴的；忧虑的；感动了的。过去分词作表语，同表示主语的状态或情绪等，并无“完成”或“被动”之意。
7）发现他们家外的世界被改变了；水供应被切断了。结构: find sth. done; have sth. done。
Step 4 Summarize the grammar rules
Summarize the grammar rules of P.P with you English teacher after finishing the two tasks above.
Suggested answers :
英语中有些动词，除了有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，句子才完整。过去分词作宾补表示该动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，它对宾补作进一步的补充说明。及物动词的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词及之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。少数不及物动词如find, go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。动词seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。
1)表示“意欲；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order 等；
The father wants his daughter learnt the piano.
2) 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
3) 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep 等后；
Have you got your films developed?
4) “with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
Step 5 Further Practice
1) Prices of daily goods _______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
2) As we joined the big crowd I got _______ from my friends.
A. separated
B. spared
C. lost
D. missed
3) The foreign guests，________ by an interpreter，came out of the hall.
A. following
B. to follow
C. followed
D. to be followed
4) She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.
6）Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused
B. amusing
C. to amuse
D. to be amused
7）Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.
A. to recognize
B. recognizing
C. recognize
D. recognized
Suggested answers :
1-5 BACCA 6-7AD
Step 6 Homework
Finish off tests paper.
Step 6 Reflection
初中语文古文赏析曹操《短歌行》赏析(林庚)
教育资料 《短歌行》 《短歌行》赏析(林庚) 曹操这一首《短歌行》是建安时代杰出的名作，它代表着人生的两面，一方面是人生的忧患，一方面是人生的欢乐。而所谓两面也就是人生的全面。整个的人生中自然含有一个生活的态度，这就具体地表现在成为《楚辞》与《诗经》传统的产儿。它一方面不失为《楚辞》中永恒的追求，一方面不失为一个平实的生活表现，因而也就为建安诗坛铺平了道路。 这首诗从“对酒当歌，人生几何”到“但为君故，沉吟至今”，充分表现着《楚辞》里的哀怨。一方面是人生的无常，一方面是永恒的渴望。而“呦呦鹿鸣”以下四句却是尽情的欢乐。你不晓得何以由哀怨这一端忽然会走到欢乐那一端去，转折得天衣无缝，仿佛本来就该是这么一回事似的。这才是真正的人生的感受。这一段如是，下一段也如是。“明明如月，何时可掇?忧从中来，不可断绝。越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈宴，心念旧恩。月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依。”缠绵的情调，把你又带回更深的哀怨中去。但“山不厌高，海不厌深”，终于走入“周公吐哺，天下归心”的结论。上下两段是一个章法，但是你并不觉得重复，你只觉得卷在悲哀与欢乐的旋涡中，不知道什么时候悲哀没有了，变成欢乐，也不知道什么时候欢乐没有了，又变成悲哀，这岂不是一个整个的人生吗?把整个的人生表现在一个刹那的感觉上，又都归于一个最实在的生活上。“我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙”，不正是当时的情景吗?“周公吐哺，天下归心”，不正是当时的信心吗? “青青子衿”到“鼓瑟吹笙”两段连贯之妙，古今无二。《诗经》中现成的句法一变而有了《楚辞》的精神，全在“沉吟至今”的点窜，那是“青青子衿”的更深的解释，《诗经》与《楚辞》因此才有了更深的默契，从《楚辞》又回到《诗经》，这样与《鹿鸣》之诗乃打成一片，这是一个完满的行程，也便是人生旅程的意义。“月明星稀”何以会变成“山不厌高，海不厌深”?几乎更不可解。莫非由于“明月出天山”，“海上生明月”吗?古辞说：“枯桑知天风，海水知天寒”，枯桑何以知天风，因为它高；海水何以知天寒，因为它深。唐人诗“一叶落知天下秋”，我们对于宇宙万有正应该有一个“知”字。然则既然是山，岂可不高?既然是海，岂可不深呢?“并刀如水，吴盐胜雪”，既是刀，就应该雪亮；既是盐，就应该雪白，那么就不必问山与海了。 山海之情，成为漫漫旅程的归宿，这不但是乌鹊南飞，且成为人生的思慕。山既尽其高，海既尽其深。人在其中乃有一颗赤子的心。孟子主尽性，因此养成他浩然之气。天下所以归心，我们乃不觉得是一个夸张。 .
图像处理中值滤波器中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料对照外文翻译 一、英文原文 A NEW CONTENT BASED MEDIAN FILTER ABSTRACT In this paper the hardware implementation of a contentbased median filter suitabl e for real-time impulse noise suppression is presented. The function of the proposed ci rcuitry is adaptive; it detects the existence of impulse noise in an image neighborhood and applies the median filter operator only when necessary. In this way, the blurring o f the imagein process is avoided and the integrity of edge and detail information is pre served. The proposed digital hardware structure is capable of processing gray-scale im ages of 8-bit resolution and is fully pipelined, whereas parallel processing is used to m inimize computational time. The architecturepresented was implemented in FPGA an d it can be used in industrial imaging applications, where fast processing is of the utm ost importance. The typical system clock frequency is 55 MHz. 1. INTRODUCTION Two applications of great importance in the area of image processing are noise filtering and image enhancement [1].These tasks are an essential part of any image pro cessor,whether the final image is utilized for visual interpretation or for automatic an alysis. The aim of noise filtering is to eliminate noise and its effects on the original im age, while corrupting the image as little as possible. To this end, nonlinear techniques (like the median and, in general, order statistics filters) have been found to provide mo re satisfactory results in comparison to linear methods. Impulse noise exists in many p ractical applications and can be generated by various sources, including a number of man made phenomena, such as unprotected switches, industrial machines and car ign ition systems. Images are often corrupted by impulse noise due to a noisy sensor or ch annel transmission errors. The most common method used for impulse noise suppressi on n forgray-scale and color images is the median filter (MF) [2].The basic drawback o f the application of the MF is the blurringof the image in process. In the general case,t he filter is applied uniformly across an image, modifying pixels that arenot contamina ted by noise. In this way, the effective elimination of impulse noise is often at the exp ense of an overalldegradation of the image and blurred or distorted features[3].In this paper an intelligent hardware structure of a content based median filter (CBMF) suita ble for impulse noise suppression is presented. The function of the proposed circuit is to detect the existence of noise in the image window and apply the corresponding MF
英文地址格式
1、英文地址书写格式 英文地址格式和中文刚好相反，按地址单元从小大到的顺序从左到右书写，并且地址单元间以半角逗号分隔(,)，同时邮政编码可以直接写到地址中，其位置通常位于国家和省（州）之间，书写格式如下： xx室, xx号，xx路，xx区，xx市，xx省，xx国 下面我们看一个简单的例子： 上海市延安西路1882号东华大学186信箱（邮编：200051） Mailbox 186, 1882 W est Yan'an Rd., Donghua University, Shanghai 200051. 2、英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房 Room 201 二单元 Unit 2 马塘村 Matang Vallage 一号楼/栋 Building 1 2号 No. 2 华为科技公司 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. xx公司 xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍 Dormitory 厂 Factory 楼/层 Floor 酒楼/酒店 Hotel 住宅区/小区 Residential Quarter 县 County 甲/乙/丙/丁 A/B/C/D 镇 Town 巷/弄 Lane 市 City 路 Road（也简写作Rd.，注意后面的点不能省略） 一环路 1st Ring Road 省 Province(也简写作Prov.） 花园 Garden 院 Yard 街 Street/Avenue 大学 College/University 信箱 Mailbox 区 District A座 Suite A 广场 Square 州 State 大厦/写字楼 Tower/Center/Plaza
高中语文文言文曹操《短歌行(对酒当歌)》原文、翻译、赏析
曹操《短歌行【对酒当歌】》原文、翻译、赏析译文 原文 面对美酒应该高歌，人生短促日月如梭。对酒当歌，人生几何？ 好比晨露转瞬即逝，失去的时日实在太多！譬如朝露，去日苦多。 席上歌声激昂慷慨，忧郁长久填满心窝。慨当以慷，忧思难忘。 靠什么来排解忧闷？唯有狂饮方可解脱。何以解忧？唯有杜康。 那穿着青领（周代学士的服装）的学子哟，你们令我朝夕思慕。青青子衿，悠悠我心。 正是因为你们的缘故，我一直低唱着《子衿》歌。但为君故，沉吟至今。 阳光下鹿群呦呦欢鸣，悠然自得啃食在绿坡。呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。 一旦四方贤才光临舍下，我将奏瑟吹笙宴请宾客。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。 当空悬挂的皓月哟，你运转着，永不停止；明明如月，何时可掇？ 我久蓄于怀的忧愤哟，突然喷涌而出汇成长河。忧从中来，不可断绝。 远方宾客踏着田间小路，一个个屈驾前来探望我。越陌度阡，枉用相存。 彼此久别重逢谈心宴饮，争着将往日的情谊诉说。契阔谈讌，心念旧恩。 明月升起，星星闪烁，一群寻巢乌鹊向南飞去。月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。 绕树飞了三周却没敛绕树三匝，何枝
翅，哪里才有它们栖身之 所？ 可依？ 高山不辞土石才见巍 峨，大海不弃涓流才见壮阔。（比喻用人要“唯才是举”，多多益善。）山不厌高，水不厌深。 只有像周公那样礼待贤 才（周公见到贤才，吐出口 中正在咀嚼的食物，马上接 待。《史记》载周公自谓： “一沐三握发，一饭三吐哺， 犹恐失天下之贤。”），才 能使天下人心都归向我。 周公吐哺，天 赏析 曹操是汉末杰出的政治家、军事家和文学家，他雅好诗章，好作乐府歌辞，今存诗22首，全是乐府诗。曹操的乐府诗多描写他本人的政治主张和统一天下的雄心壮志。如他的《短歌行》，充分表达了诗人求贤若渴以及统一天下的壮志。 《短歌行》是政治性很强的诗作，主要是为曹操当时所实行的政治路线和政策策略服务的，但是作者将政治内容和意义完全熔铸在浓郁的抒情意境之中，全诗充分发挥了诗歌创作的特长，准确而巧妙地运用了比兴手法，寓理于情，以情感人。诗歌无论在思想内容还是在艺术上都取得了极高的成就，语言质朴，立意深远，气势充沛。这首带有建安时代"志深比长""梗概多气"的时代特色的《短歌行》，读后不觉思接千载，荡气回肠，受到强烈的感染。 对酒当歌，人生几何？ 譬如朝露，去日苦多。 慨当以慷，幽思难忘。 何以解忧，唯有杜康。 青青子衿，悠悠我心。 但为君故，沈吟至今。 呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。 我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。 明明如月，何时可掇？ 忧从中来，不可断绝。 越陌度阡，枉用相存。 契阔谈，心念旧恩。 月明星稀，乌鹊南飞， 绕树三匝，何枝可依？ 山不厌高，海不厌深， 周公吐哺，天下归心。 《短歌行》是汉乐府的旧题，属于《相和歌?平调曲》。这就是说它本来是一个乐曲的名称，这种乐曲怎么唱法，现在当然是不知道了。但乐府《相和歌?平调曲》中除了《短歌行》还有《长歌行》，唐代吴兢《乐府古题要解》引证古诗“长歌正激烈”，魏文帝曹丕《燕歌行》“短歌微吟不能长”和晋代傅玄《艳歌行》“咄来长歌续短歌”等句，认为“长歌”、“短
图像处理外文翻译 (2)
附录一英文原文 Illustrator software and Photoshop software difference Photoshop and Illustrator is by Adobe product of our company, but as everyone more familiar Photoshop software, set scanning images, editing modification, image production, advertising creative, image input and output in one of the image processing software, favored by the vast number of graphic design personnel and computer art lovers alike. Photoshop expertise in image processing, and not graphics creation. Its application field, also very extensive, images, graphics, text, video, publishing various aspects have involved. Look from the function, Photoshop can be divided into image editing, image synthesis, school tonal color and special effects production parts. Image editing is image processing based on the image, can do all kinds of transform such as amplifier, reducing, rotation, lean, mirror, clairvoyant, etc. Also can copy, remove stain, repair damaged image, to modify etc. This in wedding photography, portrait processing production is very useful, and remove the part of the portrait, not satisfied with beautification processing, get let a person very satisfactory results. Image synthesis is will a few image through layer operation, tools application of intact, transmit definite synthesis of meaning images, which is a sure way of fine arts design. Photoshop provide drawing tools let foreign image and creative good fusion, the synthesis of possible make the image is perfect. School colour in photoshop with power is one of the functions of deep, the image can be quickly on the color rendition, color slants adjustment and correction, also can be in different colors to switch to meet in different areas such as web image design, printing and multimedia application. Special effects production in photoshop mainly by filter, passage of comprehensive application tools and finish. Including image effects of creative and special effects words such as paintings, making relief, gypsum paintings, drawings, etc commonly used traditional arts skills can be completed by photoshop effects. And all sorts of effects of production are
曹操《短歌行》其二翻译及赏析
曹操《短歌行》其二翻译及赏析 引导语：曹操(155—220)，字孟德，小名阿瞒，《短歌行 二首》 是曹操以乐府古题创作的两首诗， 第一首诗表达了作者求贤若渴的心 态，第二首诗主要是曹操向内外臣僚及天下表明心迹。 短歌行 其二 曹操 周西伯昌，怀此圣德。 三分天下，而有其二。 修奉贡献，臣节不隆。 崇侯谗之，是以拘系。 后见赦原，赐之斧钺，得使征伐。 为仲尼所称，达及德行， 犹奉事殷，论叙其美。 齐桓之功，为霸之首。 九合诸侯，一匡天下。 一匡天下，不以兵车。 正而不谲，其德传称。 孔子所叹，并称夷吾，民受其恩。 赐与庙胙，命无下拜。 小白不敢尔，天威在颜咫尺。 晋文亦霸，躬奉天王。 受赐圭瓒，钜鬯彤弓， 卢弓矢千，虎贲三百人。 威服诸侯，师之所尊。 八方闻之，名亚齐桓。 翻译 姬昌受封为西伯，具有神智和美德。殷朝土地为三份，他有其中两分。 整治贡品来进奉，不失臣子的职责。只因为崇侯进谗言，而受冤拘禁。 后因为送礼而赦免， 受赐斧钺征伐的权利。 他被孔丘称赞， 品德高尚地位显。 始终臣服殷朝帝王，美名后世流传遍。齐桓公拥周建立功业，存亡继绝为霸 首。
聚合诸侯捍卫中原，匡正天下功业千秋。号令诸侯以匡周室，主要靠的不是 武力。 行为磊落不欺诈，美德流传于身后。孔子赞美齐桓公，也称赞管仲。 百姓深受恩惠，天子赐肉与桓公，命其无拜来接受。桓公称小白不敢，天子 威严就在咫尺前。 晋文公继承来称霸，亲身尊奉周天王。周天子赏赐丰厚，仪式隆重。 接受玉器和美酒，弓矢武士三百名。晋文公声望镇诸侯，从其风者受尊重。 威名八方全传遍，名声仅次于齐桓公。佯称周王巡狩，招其天子到河阳，因 此大众议论纷纷。 赏析 《短歌行》 (“周西伯昌”)主要是曹操向内外臣僚及天下表明心 迹，当他翦灭群凶之际，功高震主之时，正所谓“君子终日乾乾，夕惕若 厉”者，但东吴孙权却瞅准时机竟上表大说天命而称臣，意在促曹操代汉 而使其失去“挟天子以令诸侯”之号召， 故曹操机敏地认识到“ 是儿欲据吾著炉上郁!”故曹操运筹谋略而赋此《短歌行 ·周西伯 昌》。 西伯姬昌在纣朝三分天下有其二的大好形势下， 犹能奉事殷纣， 故孔子盛称 “周之德， 其可谓至德也已矣。 ”但纣王亲信崇侯虎仍不免在纣王前 还要谗毁文王，并拘系于羑里。曹操举此史实，意在表明自己正在克心效法先圣 西伯姬昌，并肯定他的所作所为，谨慎惕惧，向来无愧于献帝之所赏。 并大谈西伯姬昌、齐桓公、晋文公皆曾受命“专使征伐”。而当 今天下时势与当年的西伯、齐桓、晋文之际颇相类似，天子如命他“专使 征伐”以讨不臣，乃英明之举。但他亦效西伯之德，重齐桓之功，戒晋文 之诈。然故作谦恭之辞耳，又谁知岂无更讨封赏之意乎 ?不然建安十八年(公元 213 年)五月献帝下诏曰《册魏公九锡文》，其文曰“朕闻先王并建明德， 胙之以土，分之以民，崇其宠章，备其礼物，所以藩卫王室、左右厥世也。其在 周成，管、蔡不静，惩难念功，乃使邵康公赐齐太公履，东至于海，西至于河， 南至于穆陵，北至于无棣，五侯九伯，实得征之。 世祚太师，以表东海。爰及襄王，亦有楚人不供王职，又命晋文登为侯伯， 锡以二辂、虎贲、斧钺、禾巨 鬯、弓矢，大启南阳，世作盟主。故周室之不坏， 系二国是赖。”又“今以冀州之河东、河内、魏郡、赵国、中山、常 山，巨鹿、安平、甘陵、平原凡十郡，封君为魏公。锡君玄土，苴以白茅，爰契 尔龟。”又“加君九锡，其敬听朕命。” 观汉献帝下诏《册魏公九锡文》全篇，尽叙其功，以为其功高于伊、周，而 其奖却低于齐、晋，故赐爵赐土，又加九锡，奖励空前。但曹操被奖愈高，心内 愈忧。故曹操在曾早在五十六岁写的《让县自明本志令》中谓“或者人见 孤强盛， 又性不信天命之事， 恐私心相评， 言有不逊之志， 妄相忖度， 每用耿耿。
图像处理中常用英文词解释
Algebraic operation 代数运算一种图像处理运算，包括两幅图像对应像素的和、差、积、商。 Aliasing 走样（混叠）当图像像素间距和图像细节相比太大时产生的一种人工痕迹。Arc 弧图的一部分；表示一曲线一段的相连的像素集合。 Binary image 二值图像只有两级灰度的数字图像（通常为0和1，黑和白） Blur 模糊由于散焦、低通滤波、摄像机运动等引起的图像清晰度的下降。 Border 边框一副图像的首、末行或列。 Boundary chain code 边界链码定义一个物体边界的方向序列。 Boundary pixel 边界像素至少和一个背景像素相邻接的内部像素（比较：外部像素、内部像素） Boundary tracking 边界跟踪一种图像分割技术，通过沿弧从一个像素顺序探索到下一个像素将弧检测出。 Brightness 亮度和图像一个点相关的值，表示从该点的物体发射或放射的光的量。 Change detection 变化检测通过相减等操作将两幅匹准图像的像素加以比较从而检测出其中物体差别的技术。 Class 类见模或类 Closed curve 封闭曲线一条首尾点处于同一位置的曲线。 Cluster 聚类、集群在空间（如在特征空间）中位置接近的点的集合。 Cluster analysis 聚类分析在空间中对聚类的检测，度量和描述。 Concave 凹的物体是凹的是指至少存在两个物体内部的点，其连线不能完全包含在物体内部（反义词为凸） Connected 连通的 Contour encoding 轮廓编码对具有均匀灰度的区域，只将其边界进行编码的一种图像压缩技术。 Contrast 对比度物体平均亮度（或灰度）与其周围背景的差别程度 Contrast stretch 对比度扩展一种线性的灰度变换 Convex 凸的物体是凸的是指连接物体内部任意两点的直线均落在物体内部。Convolution 卷积一种将两个函数组合成第三个函数的运算，卷积刻画了线性移不变系统的运算。 Corrvolution kernel 卷积核1，用于数字图像卷积滤波的二维数字阵列，2，与图像或信号卷积的函数。 Curve 曲线1，空间的一条连续路径，2 表示一路径的像素集合（见弧、封闭曲线）。 Deblurring 去模糊1一种降低图像模糊，锐化图像细节的运算。2 消除或降低图像的模糊，通常是图像复原或重构的一个步骤。 Decision rule 决策规则在模式识别中，用以将图像中物体赋以一定量的规则或算法，这种赋值是以对物体特征度量为基础的。 Digital image 数字图像 1 表示景物图像的整数阵列，2 一个二维或更高维的采样并量化的函数，它由相同维数的连续图像产生，3 在矩形（或其他）网络上采样一连续函数，并才采样点上将值量化后的阵列。 Digital image processing 数字图像处理对图像的数字化处理；由计算机对图片信息进
中文地址翻译成英文地址方法和技巧
中文地址翻译成英文地址的方法和技巧 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。 1.各部分写法 ●Ｘ室：Room Ｘ ●Ｘ号：No. X ●Ｘ单元：Unit Ｘ ●X楼/层：X/F ●Ｘ号楼：Building No. Ｘ ●住宅区/小区：ResidentialQuater ●Ｘ街：ＸStreet ●Ｘ路：Ｘ Road East/Central/West东路 / 中路 / 西路 芙蓉西二路 / West 2nd Furong Road Central Dalian Rd. /大连中路 芙蓉中路的“中”可以用Central，也有用Middle的，一般用Mid比较简洁。 ●Ｘ区：Ｘ District ●Ｘ镇：Ｘ Town ●Ｘ县：Ｘ County ●Ｘ市：Ｘ City ●Ｘ省：Ｘ Province ●国家（State）中华人民共和国：The People’s Republic of China、P.R.China、 P.R.C.、China ●X信箱：Mailbox X 请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。 各地址单元间要加逗号隔开。
2.英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房 Room 201 二单元 Unit 2 马塘村MatangVallage 一号楼/栋 Building 1
华为科技公司 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. xx公司 xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍 Dormitory 厂 Factory 楼/层 Floor 酒楼/酒店 Hotel 住宅区/小区 Residential Quater 县 County 甲/乙/丙/丁 A/B/C/D 镇 Town 巷/弄 Lane 市 City 路 Road（也简写作Rd.，注意后面的点不能省略） 一环路 1st Ring Road 省 Province(也简写作Prov.） 花园 Garden 院 Yard 街 Street/Avenue 大学 College/University 信箱 Mailbox 区 District A座 Suite A 广场 Square 州 State 大厦/写字楼 Tower/Center/Plaza 胡同 Alley（北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思） 中国部分行政区划对照 自治区 Autonomous Region 直辖市 Municipality 特别行政区 Special Administration Region 简称SAR
中文地址的翻译
英文地址的写法 中国MPA在线的英文地址：Rome1232,Youth building,No.34 West Beisanhuan Road, Beijing,China 一、寄达城市名的批译： 我国城市有用英文等书写的，也有用汉语拼音书写的。例如“北京”英文写为“Peking”，汉语拼音写为 “Beijing”二者虽然都是用拉丁字母，但拼读方法不同，前者是以音标相拼，而后者则是用声母和韵母相拼的， 批译时要注意识别，以免错译。 二、街道地址及单位名称的批译： 常见有英文书写、汉语拼音书写、英文和汉语拼音混合书写三种。 1、英文书写的，例如：Address：6 East Changan Avenue PeKing译为北京市东长安街6号； 2、汉语拼音书写的，例如：105 niujie Beijing译为北京市牛街105号； 3、英文、汉语拼音混合书写的，例如：NO.70 dong feng dong Rd.Guangzhou译为广州东风东路70号。 三、机关、企业等单位的批译： 收件人为机关、企业等单位的，应先译收件人地址，再译单位名称。批译方法为： 1、按中文语序书写的要顺译。 例如：SHANGHAI FOODSTUFFS IMP AND EXP CO. 译为：上海食品进出口公司； 2、以英文介词短语充当定语，一般位于被修饰的名词之后，译在该名词之前。 例如：Civil Aviation Administration Of China 译为：中国民航局； 3、机关、企业单位的分支机构一般用英文“branch”(分部、分公司等)表示。 例如：Beijing Electron Co. Ltd Xian branch 译为：北京电子有限公司西安分公司。 四、姓名方面：
短歌行赏析介绍
短歌行赏析介绍 说道曹操， 大家一定就联想到三国那些烽火狼烟岁月吧。 但是曹操其实也是 一位文学 大家，今天就来分享《短歌行 》赏析。 《短歌行》短歌行》是汉乐府旧题，属于《相和歌辞·平调曲》。这就是说 它本来是一个乐曲名称。最初古辞已经失传。乐府里收集同名诗有 24 首，最早 是曹操这首。 这种乐曲怎么唱法， 现在当然是不知道。 但乐府 《相和歌·平调曲》 中除《短歌行》还有《长歌行》，唐代吴兢《乐府古题要解》引证古诗 “长歌正激烈”， 魏文帝曹丕 《燕歌行》 “短歌微吟不能长”和晋代傅玄 《艳 歌行》 “咄来长歌续短歌”等句， 认为“长歌”、 “短歌”是指“歌声有长短”。 我们现在也就只能根据这一点点材料来理解《短歌行》音乐特点。《短歌行》这 个乐曲，原来当然也有相应歌辞，就是“乐府古辞”，但这古辞已经失传。现在 所能见到最早《短歌行》就是曹操所作拟乐府《短歌行》。所谓“拟乐府”就是 运用乐府旧曲来补作新词，曹操传世《短歌行》共有两首，这里要介绍是其中第 一首。 这首《短歌行》主题非常明确，就是作者希望有大量人才来为自己所用。曹 操在其政治活动中，为扩大他在庶族地主中统治基础，打击反动世袭豪强势力， 曾大力强调“唯才是举”，为此而先后发布“求贤令”、“举士令”、“求逸才 令”等;而《短歌行》实际上就是一曲“求贤歌”、又正因为运用诗歌 形式，含有丰富抒情成分，所以就能起到独特感染作用，有力地宣传他所坚 持主张，配合他所颁发政令。 《短歌行》原来有“六解”(即六个乐段)，按照诗意分为四节来读。 “对酒当歌，人生几何?譬如朝露，去日苦多。慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以 解忧，唯有杜康。” 在这八句中，作者强调他非常发愁，愁得不得。那么愁是什么呢?原来他是 苦于得不到众多“贤才”来同他合作， 一道抓紧时间建功立业。 试想连曹操这样 位高权重人居然在那里为“求贤”而发愁， 那该有多大宣传作用。 假如庶族地主 中真有“贤才”话， 看这些话就不能不大受感动和鼓舞。 他们正苦于找不到出路
教你怎么写英文地址(住址标准英文翻译)
很多人不知道自己家的标准英文地址怎么写，这里给大家介绍一下。 英文地址与中文的顺序是完全相反的. 一定在"中国"前写好当地的邮政编码! 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：X国X省X市X区X路X号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：X号，X路，X区，X市，X省，X国。掌握了这个原则，翻译起来就容易多了！ X室Room X X号No. X X单元Unit X X号楼Building No. X X小区X Residential quarters X街X Street X路X Road X区X District X县X County X镇X Town X市X City X省X Province 请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。 中文地址翻译范例： 宝山区示范新村37号403室 Room 403, No. 37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District 虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室 Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South), HongKou District 473004河南省南阳市中州路42号李有财 Li Youcai Room 42 Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473004 434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店李有财 Li Youcai Hongyuan Hotel Jingzhou city Hubei Prov. China 434000 473000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司李有财 Li Youcai Special Steel Corp. No. 272, Bayi Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473000 528400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702 李有财 Li Youcai
短歌行赏析
短歌行赏析 《短歌行》 对酒当歌，人生几何？譬如朝露，去日苦多。 概当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧？唯有杜康。 青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沈吟至今。 呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。 明明如月，何时可掇？忧从中来，不可断绝。 越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈咽，心念旧恩。 月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依。 山不厌高，海不厌深，周公吐哺，天下归心。 “短歌行”是汉乐府一个曲调的名称，是用于宴会场合的歌辞。曹操集子里现存《短歌行》两首，课文选的是第一首。作为一位政治家兼军事家的诗人曹操，十分重视人才，这首诗抒发了他渴望招纳贤才、建功立业的宏图大愿。 全诗三十二句，分四节，每八句一节。 第一节抒写诗人人生苦短的忧叹。“对酒当歌，人生几何？譬如朝露，去日苦多。”“当”，对着。“去日”，指逝去的岁月。这四句意思是：在边喝着酒，边唱着歌时，忽然感叹道：人生能有多久呢？人生啊，就好比早晨的露水，一会儿就干了，又苦于过去的日子太多了。“慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧？唯有杜康。”“慨当以慷”是“慷慨”的间隔用法，“当以”，没有实在意义，即指宴会上歌声慷慨激昂。“杜康”相传是发明酿酒的人，这里作酒的代称。这四句意思是：即使宴会上歌声慷慨激昂，诗人内心的忧愁还是难以消除。用什么来消除胸中的忧愁呢？只有借酒浇愁。我们如何理解诗人这种人生苦短的忧叹呢？诗人生逢乱世，
目睹百姓颠沛流离，肝肠寸断，渴望建功立业而不得，因而发出人生苦短的忧叹。这个点我们可从他的另一首诗《蒿里行》中得到佐证：“白骨露于野，千里无鸡鸣。生民百遗一，念之断人肠。” 第二节抒写诗人对贤才的渴求。“青青子衿，悠悠我心”，是引用《诗经?郑风?子衿》中的成句。“青衿”，周代读书人的服装，这里指代有学问的人。“悠悠”，长久的样子，形容思念之情。这两句意思是：你的衣领青青啊，总是让我如此挂念。原诗后两句是：“纵我不往，子宁不嗣音？”意思是：虽然我不能去找你，你为什么不主动给我音信？曹操因为事实上不可能一个一个地去找那些贤才，所以他使用这种含蓄的话来提醒他们，希望贤才主动来归。“但为君故，沉吟至今。”“沉吟”，低声叨念，表示渴念。这两句意思是：只因为你的缘故，让我渴念到如今。“青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沉吟至今。”四句以女子对心爱的男子的思念比喻自己对贤才的渴求。“呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。”这四句引自《诗经?小雅?鹿鸣》，《鹿鸣》是一首描写贵族盛宴热情款待尊贵客人的的诗歌。前两句起兴，意思是：野鹿呦呦呦呦地叫，欢快地吃着野地里的艾蒿。以下各句描写宾客欢宴的场面，这里引用的两句意思是：我有很多尊贵的客人，席间弹起琴瑟，吹起笙乐。诗人引用这几句诗，表示自己对贤才的热情。 第三节抒写诗人对贤才难得的忧思和既得贤才的欣喜。“明明如月，何时可掇？”“明月”，比喻人才。“掇”，拾取，摘取。意思是：贤才有如天上的明月，我什么时候才能摘取呢？“忧从中来，不可断绝。”因为求才不得，内心不禁产生忧愁，这种忧愁无法排解。“越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈讌，心念旧 恩。”“陌”、“阡”，都是指田间小路，东西向叫“陌”，南北向叫“阡”。“枉”，枉驾，屈驾。“用”，以。“存”，探问，问候。“契阔”，久别重逢。
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曹操短歌行赏析3篇完整版
《曹操短歌行赏析》 曹操短歌行赏析（一）： 自古以来叹时光易逝、人生易老者，大有人在。有的是因岁月蹉跎、不知老之将至而嗟叹；有的是因富贵荣华未及尽享而叹惋；也有的是因贪生畏死而惆怅。曹操的《短歌行》开头也发出了时光短促、人生几何的慨叹。但我们读过全传，就会感到，作者发此感慨，是正因他感到年事渐高(时年五十四岁)，时日见浅，而眼下大业未成，匡扶济世之才又极为难得，是紧迫感、焦灼感使然。正是正因有这种思想，对于已经越陌度阡屈尊任用的，契阔谈宴，热诚相待；对那些尚在绕树三匝、徘徊不定的贤士，发出山不厌高，海不厌深的呼唤，坦露自己求贤若渴的心迹。这首诗使我们从另一个侧面看到曹操作为一代政治家的英雄本色：他有爱才、礼贤的政治家的胸襟；他有统一天下的宏大志愿；他有开创新局面的进取精神。 曹操的这首诗气魄宏伟，感情充沛。读着青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沉吟至今。明明如月，何时可掇。忧从中来，不可断绝。这样的诗句，你会强烈地感受到作者渴求贤才的殷切情绪；读着山不厌高，海不厌深。周公吐哺，天下归心。你会感到诗人博大坦荡的胸怀。而这种诗句，也只有像曹操这样一位有雄才大略、感情豪放的人才能吟得出来。 曹操短歌行赏析（二）： 《短歌行》原来有六解（即六个乐段），我们此刻按照诗意分为四节来读。 对酒当歌，人生几何？譬如朝露，去日苦多。慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧，唯有杜康。 在这八句中，作者强调他十分发愁，愁得不得了。那么愁的是什么呢？原来他是苦于得不到众多的贤才来同他合作，一道抓紧时刻建功立业。试想连曹操这样位高权重的人居然在那里为求贤而发愁，那该有多大的宣传作用。假如庶族地主中真有贤才的话，看了这些话就不能不大受感动和鼓舞。他们正苦于找不到出路呢，没有想到曹操却在那里渴求人才，于是那真正有才或自以为有才的许许多多人，就很有可能跃跃欲试，向他归心了。对酒当歌八句，猛一看很象是《古诗十九首》中的消极调子，而其实大不相同。那里讲人生几何，不是叫人及时行乐，而是要及时地建功立业。又从表面上看，曹操是在抒个人之情，发愁时刻过得太快，恐怕来不及有所作为。实际上却是在巧妙地感染广大贤才，提醒他们人生就象朝露那样易于消失，岁月流逝已经很多，就应赶紧拿定主意，到我那里来施展抱负。因此一经分析便不难看出，诗中浓郁的抒情气氛包含了相当强烈的政治目的。这样用心的目的而故意要用低沉的调子来发端，这固然证明曹操真有他的愁思，因此才说得真切；但另一方面也正正因透过这样的调子更能打开处于下层、多历艰难、又急于寻找出路的人士的心扉。因此说用意和遣词既是真切的，也是巧妙的。在
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《短歌行》原文、翻译及赏析 原文： 短歌行
两汉·曹操 对酒当歌，人生几何!譬如朝露，去日苦多。 慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧?唯有杜康。 青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沉吟至今。 呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。 明明如月，何时可掇?忧从中来，不可断绝。 越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈讌，心念旧恩。(谈讌 一作：谈宴) 月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依? 山不厌高，海不厌深。周公吐哺，天下归心。(海 一作：水) 注释： 1.对酒当歌：一边喝着酒，一边唱着歌。当，是对着的意思。 2.几何：多少。 3.去日苦多：跟(朝露)相比一样痛苦却漫长。有慨叹人生短暂之意。 4.慨当以慷：指宴会上的歌声激昂慷慨。当以，这里应当用的意思。全句意 思是，应当用激昂慷慨(的方式来唱歌)。 5.杜康：相传是最早造酒的人，这里代指酒。 6.青青子衿(jīn)，悠悠我心：出自《诗经 ·郑风·子衿》。原写姑娘思念情人，这里用来比喻渴望得到有才学的人。 子，对对方的尊称。衿，古式的衣领。青衿，是周代读书人的服装，这里指代有 学识的人。悠悠，长久的样子，形容思虑连绵不断。 7.沉吟：原指小声叨念和思索，这里指对贤人的思念和倾慕。 8.呦(yōu)呦鹿鸣， 食野之苹。 我有嘉宾， 鼓瑟吹笙(shēng)： 出自 《诗经·小 雅·鹿鸣》。呦呦：鹿叫的声音。苹：艾蒿。 9.鼓：弹。 10.何时可掇(duō)： 什么时候可以摘取呢?掇， 拾取， 摘取。 另解： 掇读 chuò， 为通假字，掇，通辍 ，即停止的意思。何时可掇，意思就是什么时候可以停止
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呢? 11.越陌度阡：穿过纵横交错的小路。陌，东西向田间小路。阡，南北向的 小路。 12.枉用相存： 屈驾来访。 枉， 这里是枉驾的意思;用， 以。 存，问候， 思念。 13.讌(yàn)：通宴(原文中讌为?)。 14.三匝(zā)：三周。匝，周，圈。 15.海不厌深：一本作水不厌深。这里是借用《管子·形解》中的话，原文 是： 海不辞水， 故能成其大;山不辞土， 故能成其高;明主不厌人， 故能成其众...... 意思是表示希望尽可能多地接纳人才。 翻译： 一边喝酒一边高歌，人生短促日月如梭。好比晨露转瞬即逝，失去的时日实 在太多! 席上歌声激昂慷慨，忧郁长久填满心窝。靠什么来排解忧闷?唯有狂饮方可 解脱。 那穿着青领(周代学士的服装)的学子哟， 你们令我朝夕思慕。 只是因为您的 缘故，让我沉痛吟诵至今。 阳光下鹿群呦呦欢鸣，悠然自得啃食在绿坡。一旦四方贤才光临舍下，我将 奏瑟吹笙宴请嘉宾。 当空悬挂的皓月哟，什么时候才可以拾到;我久蓄于怀的忧愤哟，突然喷涌 而出汇成长河。 远方宾客踏着田间小路，一个个屈驾前来探望我。彼此久别重逢谈心宴饮， 争着将往日的情谊诉说。 月光明亮星光稀疏，一群寻巢乌鹊向南飞去。绕树飞了三周却没敛翅，哪里 才有它们栖身之所? 高山不辞土石才见巍峨， 大海不弃涓流才见壮阔。 我愿如周公一般礼贤下士， 愿天下的英杰真心归顺与我。 赏析： 《短歌行》是汉乐府的旧题，属于《相和歌辞·平调曲》。这就是说它本来 是一个乐曲的名称。最初的古辞已经失传。乐府里收集的同名有 24 首，最早的 是曹操的这首。这种乐曲怎么唱法，现在当然是不知道了。但乐府《相和歌·平 调曲》中除了《短歌行》还有《长歌行》，唐代吴兢《乐府古题要解》引证古诗 长歌正激烈，魏文帝曹丕《燕歌行》短歌微吟不能长和晋代傅玄《艳歌行》 咄来长歌续短歌等句，认为长歌、短歌是指歌声有长短。现在也就只能根据这一 点点材料来理解《短歌行》的音乐特点。《短歌行》这个乐曲，原来当然也有相 应的歌辞，就是乐府古辞，但这古辞已经失传了。现在所能见到的最早的《短歌
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