Autonomy, Australia. A Cognitive Model of Situated Autonomy

A Cognitive Model of Situated Autonomy

Henry Hexmoor

Computer Science & Computer Engineering Department

Engineering Hall, Room 313

Fayetteville, AR 72701

hexmoor@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,

Abstract. We introduce situated autonomy and present it as part of the

process of action selection. We then discuss the cognitive ingredients of

situated autonomy and derive a degree of situated autonomy.

1 Situated Autonomy and Action Selection

Autonomous agents have been defined to be agents with self-generated goals using the agent’s motivations [4]. Such agents perform action selection, which is the function of selecting the most relevant and meaningful action [9], entirely for selfish reasons [7]. We believe circumstances of everyday agents provide opportunities for reasoning about relative levels of autonomy. Instead of being autonomous in the general sense, we will focus on the notion of autonomy in the context of a situation and in a team with other agents. We will consider agents able to perform autonomy considerations very fast while they are in the situation. Imagine in a game of basketball, the agent who is in the midst of running anticipates a block and reflects about whether to pass the ball or to run with it. Here, autonomy is a split-second situated assessment.1 The player considers choosing each of the behaviors “pass the ball” and “run with the ball.” The agent’s considerations of autonomy involve the higher-level goals of scoring or driving the ball into the opponent zone. The agent decides between its orientation to “pass the ball” which means sharing its autonomy toward scoring/driving with another player or its orientation to “run with the ball” which means self-autonomy. Situatedness is to consider situations in the environment as integral component of the agent’s process of deliberation or reactive response generation. Situation is a state of the world as it pertains to a problem. We define situated autonomy as an agent’s stance, as well as the cognitive function of forming the stance, toward assignment of the performer of a goal at a particular moment when facing a particular situation. Assumption of individual versus social rationality affects the cognitive function. At a coarse level the agent’s orientation toward the goal will be whether to abandon it or to decide its overall position toward the goal: to make it an entirely personal goal, to make a goal for another agent, to consider the goal a collaborative effort, or to consider an inclination for the goal that is less than totally self-directed. Here, we are not concerned about responsibility for a goal, which is the amount of effort or commitment an agent is willing to spend on seeing to its accomplishment. At a finer level the agent’s stance will go beyond an overall position to include a degree of situated autonomy. In this paper, the degree of 1 Assessment of autonomy is either a deliberative process or an automatic association of a stance that might be a historic stance or based on the agent’s personality.

autonomy will be a measure of the agent’s deliberateness over its autonomy decision. Two useful measures of autonomy beyond the scope of this paper are (1) degree of relative dependence on environmental factors such as other agents, and (2) degree of control (or influence) an agent has over a goal. Generally determining degree of autonomy is more time-consuming than determining an overall position. In our discussion of situated autonomy we will not care whether the goals are internally generated or externally imposed.

Action selection generates an action in response to a new situation. An important step in action selection is choosing among possible plans or possible primitive actions. We propose that situated autonomy can be used in this decision. Given that an agent may have several alternative plans and actions to achieve a goal with each alternative appropriate at different commitment level, an agent’s situated autonomy can be used as the context for arbitration.

For a cognitive agent, action selection is affected by the frequency of encountering new situations. We describe an agent’s assessment of its situated autonomy that is also affected at varying situation frequencies.

At the highest frequency, the agent may produce reflex-like actions. Such agents have no time to account for their situated autonomy. At a relatively fast frequency, the agent may produce reactive actions with minimal time to account for situated autonomy. Such situated autonomy assessment will consider pre-disposition toward the goal. Pre-disposition here is taken as “an evaluative tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor” [3, p. 693]. An agent’s pre-disposition toward a goal is based on semi-permanent beliefs and goals about enabling factors for the goal. Our understanding of pre-disposition is a cognitive function that operates on the agent’s weak beliefs and unmotivated goals. Enabling factors for a goal are subset of the elements of the situation that are either necessary or facilitating conditions for attempting the goal. We consider individual, social, and physical enablers with different origins: (a) entirely endogenous, (b) exogenous and social, and (c) exogenous and physical in nature. The individual enablers are the agent’s competencies. The social enablers are the social influences and motivators. The physical enablers are the physical conditions, physical resources, and physical tools. We will further discuss these types of enablers in a later part of this paper. An agent may have a model of other agents as well as its own. We will use prefixes “Other-” and “Self-” to distinguish between an agent’s model of other agent’s enablers and its own. For instance, Other-Social-Enabler will denote an agent’s model of another agent’s social enablers and Self-Physical-Enabler will denote an agent’s model of its own physical enablers.

At slower frequencies, the agent will have more time to assess the quality and quantity of the enabling factors. Situated autonomy at that level will be based on dispositions toward the goal. Perkins, Jay and Tishman [8], define dispositions as “people's tendencies to put their capabilities into action” (p. 75). At yet slower frequencies, the agent will have time to consider going beyond dispositions derived from enabling factors and include motivations. Human motivations are a collection of

psychogenic needs, which guides behavior [6]. At the slowest frequency, the agent may consider long-term ramifications of its options in order to produce optimal actions. In this paper we consider goal-oriented social agents in domains with relatively fast situation frequency. Such agents may have limited time to consider situated autonomy. They may just have enough time for assessing an overall position. Consider action selection as a linear process where somehow the agent’s action selection has settled on a goal. The next step and the focus of this paper are the agent’s reflections on its autonomy with respect to the goal at hand. Finally, the agent uses the results of its introspection and renders a decision about action(s).

Figure 1 summarizes the types of action generated by action selection that is at different frequencies of Situations. Reflex actions are generated without much deliberation for situated autonomy. Other than reflex actions, situated autonomy consideration for actions generated to the right are coarser than for action to the left.

Figure 1 Action selection at different frequencies of Situations

Given a goal, the agent’s assessment of situated autonomy is a cognitive process that is comprised of several stages, Figure 2. The process begins by the agent’s consideration of pre-dispositions only. If the agent has a habit of disfavoring the goal, it will decide to ignore it for no other reason other than its habit and considers itself Not-autonomous with respect to that goal. The agent who habitually favors the goal and favors itself to be the executor of the goal will consider itself to be Self-autonomous. The agent who habitually favors the goal and favors itself not to be the executor of the goal will lean toward delegation and will consider itself to be Del-autonomous.

The agent with some more time may consider the goal further and form dispositions toward it. If the agent perceives the goal to be impossible, the agent forms a mental state of Not-autonomous. If the agent perceives that the goal is doable either exclusively by the agent alone or by delegation, it will stop further considerations of situated autonomy. If such an agent solely using its dispositions considers itself to be the executor of the goal, it will consider itself to be Self-autonomous. When we say an agent is autonomous with respect to a goal, we may mean one of two things about its disposition toward the goal. We may mean the agent is self-reliant in the sense that it is not affected by any exogenous sources such as social or physical. Alternatively, we may mean the agent can bring about the desired effect given its access to its

exogenous sources such as other agents or resources or it can do it itself. If it considers other agents to be executors of the goal, it will consider itself to be Del-autonomous. If the goal is deemed clearly appropriate for delegation due to the agent’s inability to perform the goal itself, the agent is considered Del-autonomous and subsequently a communicative act will be generated.

An agent who has formed a disposition toward its goal that has not resulted in determination of either the agent or others being the exclusive executors may further use its motivations. Moreover, motivations can modify a decision that is previously determined based on disposition. We will consider motives to be captured by a policy that produces a preference to favor/disfavor the goal as well as the executor of the goal. If a goal is deemed inappropriate due to the agent’s motivation policy, the initial commitment is revised and the agent is considered to be Not Autonomous with respect to that goal. If a goal is deemed feasible for self-performance due to the agent’s disposition and additionally appropriate due to the agent’s motivation, the agent is considered to Self-autonomous and the goal might be sent to the motoric system.

If the agent has not determined exclusive execution, the agent is slated to perform the goal with other agents and its autonomy is classed as Semi-autonomous or Shared-autonomous. Shared-autonomous implies getting assistance from another agent or reliance on some environmental elements such as tools or resources, or offering help to some other agent who will be the primary executioner of the goal. Shared autonomy implies more demand for the agent than semi-autonomy. With semi-autonomy, the agent knows it is dependent on outside sources to perform the goal. With shared autonomy the agent knows furthermore that there are one or more agents that complement its autonomy. An example of shared autonomy is shown between a human air traffic controller and a collision-detection agent [5].

An agent may perceive the goal to be shared by a team. Such an agent will be motivated to help the team and may override its determination of shared-autonomy or semi-autonomy based on its dispositions in favor of self-autonomy.

2 A BDI Model of Autonomy: Necessary Cognitive Components for Situated Autonomy

In this section we will provide a predicate calculus account of autonomy. We do not claim our characterization to be complete but we believe it covers the major human-intuitive aspects of situated autonomy.

We refine our earlier use of pre-disposition with a combination of a weak belief in the enabling factors, and an unmotivated goal. An agent’s belief is weak B w when it is not carefully formed and it is premature. An agent may have little time to form its belief or the agent senses uncertainties in the object of the belief. An agent may form sketchy beliefs solely based on prior experience and otherwise not have substantiated support for holding the belief. In contrast to B w, we define B s as a strong belief when the agent has inductive or deductive reasons for holding the belief. This style of treating belief differs from explicit/declarative evaluation. Instead they are closer to that in [1].

A goal is unmotivated G u when the process of adopting the goal has suffered from weaknesses in related prior intentions or beliefs. G m is defined as a motivated goal when the agent has (a) inductive or deductive reasons for adopting the goal including goals that the agent shares with a team [2], and (b) a wish for expecting it. Otherwise, an agent’s goal is unmotivated. An unmotivated goal is adopted out of habit but fails to have justification and the agent’s wish.

We list a few factors that contribute to forming a motivated self-directed goal. We will not use any notation for brevity. In the following, a goal is owned by the agent if another agent did not suggest the goal. I.e., the agent has endogenous reasons for the goal.

?x owns the goal to bring about that goal.

?x is not the owner of the goal but the goal is owned by the team and x perceives a great deal of personal commitment and responsibility for that goal.

?x perceives itself to be the only agent who can do the goal.

One or more of the following mental states may support motivated goal that is other -directed:

?x owns the goal to bring about that goal

?x is not the owner of the goal but is owned by the team and x perceives a great deal of commitment and responsibility for the delegation of that goal.

?x believes it does not have individual enablers.

We are now ready to define Self-autonomy in terms of pre-disposition.

Definition 2.1 Self-autonomous p

Agent x is self-autonomous based on its pre-dispositions with respect to goal g in situation s iff x can perform an act to bring about g with permission but however, it has a weak belief in situation s about Self-Enablers and it has g as an unmotivated goal in situation s.

(Self-autonomous p x s g) ≡?α(Agts α x) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (Per x α) ∧ (B w x s Self-Enablers) ∧ (G u x s g)

The predicate “Per” stands for the deontic notion of permission for individuals (See [10] for typical usage of permissions) and “G-Per” (used later in this paper) stands for group permission. Note that individuals and groups typically do have the same permissions and that group permissions cannot be reduced to the permissions of the individuals forming the group. The notations “Agts” and “Achvs” stands for “agent of” and “ Achieves” respectively and are similar to their usage in [11].

We consider disposition to be a combination of an unmotivated goal G u and a strong belief B s in the enabling factors. Using disposition, we define Self-autonomy again, Self-autonomous D.

Definition 2.2 Self-autonomous D

Agent x is self-autonomous based on its dispositions with respect to goal g in situation s iff x can perform an act to bring about g with permission, it has a strong belief in situation s about Self-Enablers but however, it has g as an unmotivated goal in situation s.

(Self-autonomous D x s g) ≡?α(Agts α x) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (Per x α) ∧ (B S x s Self-Enablers) ∧ (G u x s g)

We define motivated disposition as a combination of a goal that is motivated G m with motivation, and a strong belief B s in the enabling factors. We define Self-autonomy this time based on motivated disposition, Self-autonomous MD.

Definition 2.3 Self-autonomous MD

Agent x is self-autonomous based on its motivated dispositions with respect to goal g in situation s iff x can perform an act to bring about g with permission, it has a strong belief in situation s about Self-Enablers, and it has g as a motivated goal in situation s. (Self-autonomous MD x s g) ≡?α(Agts α x) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (Per x α) ∧ (B S x s Self-Enablers) ∧ (G m x s g)

Next, we define Del-autonomy in terms of pre-disposition.

Definition 2.4 Del-autonomous p

Agent x is del-autonomous based on its pre-dispositions with respect to goal g in situation s iff there is an agent y (other than x) that can perform an act to bring about g with permission but however, x has a weak belief in situation s about Other-Enablers and it has g as an unmotivated goal in situation s.

(Del-autonomous p x s g) ≡?αy (Agts α y) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (Per y α) ∧ (B w x s Other-Enablers) ∧ (G u x s g)

Definition 2.5 Del-autonomous D

Agent x is del-autonomous based on its dispositions with respect to goal g in situation s iff there is an agent y (other than x) that can perform an act to bring about g with permission, x has a strong belief in situation s about Other-Enablers but however, it has g as an unmotivated goal in situation s.

(Del-autonomous D x s g) ≡?αy (Agts α y) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (Per y α) ∧ (B S x s Other-Enablers) ∧ (G u x s g)

Definition 2.6 Del-autonomous MD

Agent x is del-autonomous based on its motivated dispositions with respect to goal g in situation s iff there is an agent y (other than x) that can perform an act to bring about g with permission, x has a strong belief in situation s about Other-Enablers, and it has g as a motivated goal in situation s.

(Del-autonomous MD x s g) ≡?αy (Agts α y) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (Per y α) ∧ (B S x s Other-Enablers) ∧ (G m x s g)

We believe Shared_autonomy requires more than a pre-disposition.

Definition 2.7 Shared-autonomous D

Agent x is shared-autonomous based on its dispositions with respect to goal g in situation s iff x is a part of a group of agents t, where t can perform an act to bring about g with permission, x has a strong belief in situation s about Group-Enablers but however, the group has g as an unmotivated goal in situation s.

(Shared-autonomous D x s g) ≡?αt (x ∈ t) ∧ (Agts α t) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (G-Per t α) ∧ (B S x s Group-Enablers) ∧ (G u t s g)

Definition 2.8 Shared-autonomous MD

Agent x is shared-autonomous based on its motivated dispositions with respect to goal g in situation s iff x is a part of a group of agents t, where t can perform an act to bring about g with permission, x has a strong belief in situation s about Group-Enablers, and the group has g as a motivated goal in situation s.

(Shared-autonomous D x s g) ≡?αt (x ∈ t) ∧ (Agts α t) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (G-Per t α) ∧ (B S x s Group-Enablers) ∧ (G u t s g)

We believe Semi_autonomy requires more than a pre-disposition but typically does not change with motivation.

Definition 2.8 Semi-autonomous D

Agent x is shared-autonomous based on its dispositions with respect to goal g in situation s iff x is a part of a group of agents t, where t can perform an act to bring about g with permission, However, x has a weak belief in situation s about the Group-Enablers, and the group has g as an unmotivated goal in situation s.

(Semi-autonomous D x s g) ≡?αt (x ∈ t) ∧ (Agts α t) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (G-Per t α) ∧ (B w x s Group-Enablers) ∧ (G u t s g)

Finally, an agent is not autonomous if no other form of Autonomy holds.

Definition 2.8 Not-autonomous

Agent x is not-autonomous with respect to goal g in situation s iff there are no acts that x has both permission to perform and perform to achieve g.

(Semi-autonomous D x s g) ≡??α (Agts α t) ∧(Achvs α g) ∧ (Per x α)

Not-autonomous necessarily presupposes that x does not have any Self-, Del-, Shared-, or Semi-autonomy.

Our notations so far can only help with a coarse reasoning about situated autonomy for the agent. We have identified four categories of situated autonomy. Self-Autonomous gives the agent the most choices to complete its action selection. An agent’s action selection must decide on method of delegation with Del-Autonomous. Semi-autonomous is the least clear and the agent’s action selection may use other consideration for action selection. With Shared-autonomous, the action selection must consider the other agents sharing the autonomy over the goal for an action. If the agent is Not_autonomous, its action selection can terminate and the agent will not rationally perform that goal.

3 Degree of Situated Autonomy

In the previous section we presented several categories of situated autonomy. Stances based on pre-disposition are weaker than the ones based on disposition. Stances based on disposition are weaker than the ones that include motivation. We propose that the strength of an agent’s stance is the basis for its degree. For example, an agent’s stance Del-autonomous MD is stronger and has a higher degree than the agent’s stance Self-autonomous D. The degree of situated autonomy within each stance is a function of (a) the agent’s subjective certainty in the agent’s beliefs about enabler ingredients, (b) the perception of the absolute quantity of the enabler components that gives the agent a sense of liberty, and (c) the strength of positive mental states due to situation at-hand and lack of strength in the negative mental states due to the situation at-hand. First, we will briefly discuss the liberties an agent senses with regard to three main enabling quantities. This will be used in defining degrees of Self-, and Del-Autonomy.

The physical enablers. For example, the road condition and mechanical integrity of a vehicle can be considered environmental elements for a driving goal. An agent’s perception of the quantitative condition of the road and the car combined with its certainty about its own beliefs forms the overall physical enabler component of its autonomy. Colloquially, we may think of the agent’s Faith or Trust in the physical enablers or Faith/Trust in its perception or its beliefs. To the extent the agent experiences freedom from concerns about physical enablers, the agent has physical liberties.

The social enablers. Other agents may provide positive or negative social influences. Other agents may facilitate achievement of the goal or detract from it. The perception of the quantity of social elements affecting the goal as well as the agent’s belief in

such elements makes up the contribution of the social enablers in determining a degree of situated autonomy. For example, a friend who is familiar with the driving directions for a driving goal can make the goal easier. The agent’s perception of the degree of its dependence on such a friend for help contributes to the agent’s degree of social enablers. To the extent the agent is invested in the favorable social elements and is ready to guard against unfavorable elements, the agent has social liberties.

The individual enablers. The agent’s perception of the degree of its competencies as well as the certainty of beliefs in them makes up the contribution of individual enablers in determining a degree of situated autonomy. To the extent the agent is self-confident about the goal the agent has individual liberties.

The necessary conditions for Self-Autonomy require an agent to sense high levels of Individual, Social, and Physical liberties with respect to the goal. Whether such an agent has a high degree of Self-autonomy depends on the strength of its mental states due to the situation at-hand.

The necessary condition for Del-Autonomy requires an agent to sense a high level of Social liberty of other agents with respect to the goal. Whether such an agent has a high degree of Del-autonomy further depends on (a) the strength in one or more of the following positive mental states:

?x owns the goal to bring about the goal

and (b) lack of strength in the following negative mental state:

?x believes it does not have individual enablers.

We treat the degree of an agent’s Shared-Autonomy to be its relative autonomy with respect to other agents for a given goal in a given situation. Since other agent’s autonomy and the situation affect Shared-Autonomy, it is more dynamic than Self-, and Del-Autonomy. The necessary condition for Shared-Autonomy requires an agent to sense that there are other agents who share the goal and complement its autonomy with respect to the goal. Whether such an agent has a high degree of Shared-autonomy depends on (a) the strength in the following positive mental state:

?x owns the goal to bring about the goal.

and (b) lack of strength in one or more of the following negative mental states:

?x believes it does not have individual enablers,

and (c) the extent to which,

?relative to other agents with whom x shares the goal, x perceives a relatively large level of personal power and control over the goal.

For an agent to sense a high degree when it is Semi-Autonomous depends on the intensity of the agent’s mental state that “x owns the goal to bring about that goal” combined with the agent’s mental state that “x believes it does not have adequate individual enablers.”

Finally, an agent that is Not Autonomous has the least degree of situated autonomy.

4 Conclusion

We have discussed the idea that situated autonomy is at the core of an agent’s action selection. It is responsible for the agent’s mental state about how to relate to a goal in the context of relevant enabling factors in an environment that includes other agents. We have presented central cognitive ingredients that constitute notions of autonomy of self, delegation, and sharing. Degree of autonomy as a measure of the agent’s deliberativeness of its decision is then presented. It is argued to be dependent on the qualities of enabling factors and the strength of the agent’s beliefs in them.

We plan to refine these notions and to implement agents that exhibit dynamic changes in their autonomy. Previously we presented some quantified results of different levels of autonomy [5]. Our future plans include extending our empirical studies with implementations of situated autonomy.

References

1. Castelfranchi C., Falcone R., (2000), Trust and Control: A Dialectic Link, Applied Artificial Intelligence journal, Special Issue on "Trust in Agents" Part1, Castelfranchi C., Falcone R., Firozabadi B., Tan Y. (Editors), Taylor and Francis 14 (8)

2. Cohen, P. R., and Levesque, H. J. (1990). Persistence, intention, and commitment, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1990, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,.

3. Eagly, A.H. (1992). Uneven Progress: Social Psychology and the Study of Attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63(5): 693-710.

4. d'Inverno M. and Luck M., (1996). Understanding Autonomous Interaction, in ECAI '96: Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, W. Wahlster (ed.), 529-533, John Wiley and Sons.

5. Hexmoor, H.. (2000). Case Studies of Autonomy, In proceedings of FLAIRS 2000, J. Etherege and B. Manaris (eds), p. 246- 249, Orlando, FL.

6. McAdams. D.P. (1989). The Development of a Narrative Identity. In D.M. Buss and N. Cantor (Eds.). Personality Psychology: Recent Trends and Emerging Directions. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 160-176.

7. Luck M. and d'Inverno M., (1995). A Formal Framework for Agency and Autonomy, in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, 254-260, AAAI Press / MIT Press,

8. Perkins, D., Jay, E., and Tishman, S. (1993). New Conceptions of Thinking: From Ontology to Education. Educational Psychologist 28(1): 67-85.

9. Pirjanian, P., (2000). Multiple Objective Behavior-Based Control, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Volume 31, Issue 1-2, 30 April 2000, pp. 53-60.

10. Wieringa R. J. and Ch. Meyer, J.-J. (1993). Applications of Deontic Logic in Computer Science: A concise view, In Deontic Logic in Computer Science, 17 – 40, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England.

11. Wooldridge, M. (2000). Reasoning about Rational Agents, The MIT Press, Boston.

澳大利亚签证材料列表中英文版

COVER LETTER 24Mar, 2015 Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to submit my application of Training and Research Visa (Subclass 402). My application comprise of the following: 1 Form 1402 2Invitation letter from the University of Queensland (includingSponsorship Application ID) 3 Passports 3-1Passport for me 3-2 Passport for my wife 3-3 Passport for my son 4Certified copy of Passport Bio-page 4-1 Copy of Passport Bio-page for me 4-2 Copy of Passport Bio-page for my wife 4-3 Copy of Passport Bio-page for my son 5Certified copy of the birth certificate 5-1 Copy of the birth certificate for me 5-2 Copy of the birth certificate for my wife 5-3 Copy of the birth certificate for my son 6Certified copy of National Identification Cards 6-1 National Identification Card for me 6-2 National Identification Card for my wife 7Copy of Household Registers 7-1 Household Register copy for me 7-2 Household Register copy for my wife 7-3 Household Register copy for my son 8Certified copy of my university degree certificates 9Certified copy of my Marriage Certificate 10 Copy of Curriculum vitae / resume 11 Copy of letter of support from the Shandong University of Science and Technology 12Copy of my Financial Certificatefrom the Shandong University of Science and Technology 13 Copy of my saving account from my bank indicating access to approximately AUD $31,000 (150,000 RMB) 14 Original Chinese police clearance certificate 14-1 Original Chinese police clearance certificate for me 14-2 Original Chinese police clearance certificate for my wife 15 Two Colour passport photographs for me, for my wife and my son 16The postal remittance receipt of correct application fee for review Office 17The postal remittance receipt of service fee for the Australian visa

澳大利亚签证表填写版

家庭构成 你想申请下列何种签证﹖仿问(600) 其它注意﹕ 1. 你只能用英文填写此表。 2. 你必须填写你在原籍国和外国的所有家庭成员的细节，其中包括同父异母（或同母异父）的兄弟姐妹和子女，继父与其 前妻（或继母与其前夫）所生的兄弟姐妹和子女，领养的兄弟姐妹和子女。（如果人已不在世，可在“家庭地址” 一栏填上“已故”。如果去向不明，可在“家庭地址”一栏填上“不知道”。 3. 你填写此表时如果有人协助，你只能在所填资料真实和正确，而且你完全知道﹑同意并理解资料的填入的情况下，才能在宣誓一栏下签字。 家庭构成姓名出生婚恋状况家庭地址以前是否来过澳大利亚﹖你本人张三01/ 01/ 1990N上海市xxxxxxxxxxx 否// 配偶 / / 事实婚姻/ / / / 父亲/母亲李四01/ 01/ 1960 M 上海市xxxxxxxxxxx 否/ / 父亲/母亲张二01/ 01/ 1960 M 上海市xxxxxxxxxxx 否/ / 兄弟/姐妹/ / / / 兄弟/姐妹/ / / / 兄弟/姐妹/ / / / 儿子/女儿/ /

宣誓 我特此宣誓﹕ ? 本表中填写的资料完整而正确 ? 在他人协助下填写的本表任何部份的资料都是真实和正确的，而且我完全知道、同意并理解资料的填入。 “婚恋状况”代码 M =已婚 E =订婚 F =事实婚姻 S =分居 D =离婚W =寡/鳏 N =未婚或未有过事实婚姻

Familycomposition Areyouapplyingfora:Visitorvisa(600) Other Note: 1. YoumustcompletethisforminEnglishonly. 2. Youmustgivedetailsofallyourfamilymemberslivinginyourhomecountryandabroadincludinghalf,stepandadoptedbrothers,sistersandchildren(ifnotliving,write‘D eceased’inHomeaddresscolumn.Ifwhereaboutsunknown,write‘Unknown’inHomeaddresscolumn). 3. Ifyouhavebeenassistedincompletingthisform,youshouldonlysigntheDeclarationiftheinformationistrueandcorrectandhasbeenincludedwithyourfullknowledge,con sentandunderstanding. Family compo sition Familyname Givennames Dateofbirth Relationshipstatus Homeaddress PreviousvisitstoAustralia Yourself//N NO // Spouse NO // Defacto//// Father/Mother //M NO // Father/Mother//M NO // Brother/sister //// Brother/sister//// Brother/sister //// Son/daughter // Son/daughter//// Son/daughter//// Declaration Ideclarethat:?theinformationIhavegivenonthisformiscompleteandcorrect.?inanysectionofthisformwhichhasbeencompletedwiththeassista nceofanotherperson,theinformationassetdownistrueandcorrec tandhasbeenincludedwithmyfullknowledge,consentandunders t a n d i n g . ‘Relationshipstatus’codes M=Married E=Engaged F=Defacto S=Separat

澳大利亚600签证1419表-可编辑-201510版

Form 1419 CHS CHINESE SIMPLIFIED Application for a Visitor visa – Tourist stream 访问者签证申请表——旅游者细类 Tick where applicable Please use a pen, and write neatly in English using BLOCK LETTERS.在适合的选项打勾请使用钢笔，用英语的大写字母工整填写。Up to 3 months 不超过三个月Up to 6 months 不超过六个月How long do you wish to stay in Australia? 你想在澳大利亚逗留多长时间？3 Up to 12 months 不超过十二个月 Note : The stay period granted may be less than the period requested. You should check the terms of any visa granted. 注：获得批准的居留期可能短于所要求的居留期。你应该核对签证中批准的期限。 PHOTOGRAPH Please attach a recent passport size photograph of yourself . 照片 请附上你本人近期的护照尺寸的照片。 Outside Australia 澳大利亚境外 In Australia 在澳大利亚境内 Indicate if you are applying outside Australia or in Australia: 标明你是在澳大利亚境外还是在境内申请： 1 Go to Question 2 请转到问题 2 Go to Question 5 请转到问题 5 When do you wish to visit Australia? 你打算在什么时候访问澳大利亚？ 2 DAY 日MONTH 月YEAR 年 Applicants outside Australia 澳大利亚境外的申请人 Give details 请详述 No 否Yes 是 Do you intend to enter Australia on more than one occasion? 你打算多次进入澳大利亚吗? 4 7 Go to Question 7 请转到问题 7 Specify the date you wish to extend your stay to 请具体说明你希望延长逗留至哪一天 5 Applicants in Australia 澳大利亚境内的申请人 Provide detailed reasons for requesting this further stay 请提供要求继续逗留的详细理由 6 Date 日期 to 至 from 自 DAY 日 MONTH 月 YEAR 年

澳洲申请1229表格中英文版

Important – Please read this information carefully before you complete this consent form. Once you have completed this consent form we strongly advise that you keep a copy for your records. Who should use this form? Where children under 18 years of age intend to travel to Australia,their non-accompanying parent(s) or person(s) with parental responsibility (anyone who can lawfully determine where the child/children is/are to live) may be required to sign a consent form to give permission for the child/children to be granted an Australian visa for the purpose of travel to stay temporarily or permanently in Australia. If one parent, or person(s) with parental responsibility, has lawfully been made solely responsible for making decisions as to where the child/children is/are to live,then only that parent or person needs to sign the consent form. How to complete this form This form must be completed in English. The completed and signed form (Parts A and B) and any additional documentation should be sent to the office nominated in your application.You must attach to this form: ?a certified copy of the child’s/children’s birth certificate(s),(if it is not already lodged with the application.);?a certified copy of the personal details page of the non-accompanying parent’s, or person(s) with parental responsibility’s passport, driver’s licence, National Identity Card (ID card) or birth certificate; and ?a certified copy of any relevant evidence making you solely responsible for making decisions about where the child/children is/are to live (if applicable).T o attach this form and the required documentation to your electronic visa application, please use the electronic attachment facility available on the eVisa website. T o access this facility via the eVisa online services page see https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,.au/e_visa T o attach documents electronically you will need to identify your application by entering: ?your T ransaction Reference Number;?your date of birth; and ?the password that you supplied when your application was lodged and saved.Note : This form is not for the use of Electronic T ravel Authority (ETA) or eVisitor applicants who are under 18 years of age. Important information about privacy Your personal information is protected by law, including the Privacy Act 1988. Important information about the collection,use and disclosure (to other agencies and third parties,including overseas entities) of your personal information,including sensitive information, is contained in form 1442i Privacy notice . Form 1442i is available from the department’s website https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,.au/allforms/ or offices of the department. You should ensure that you read and understand form 1442i before completing this form. 1229 (Design date 04/15) - Page 1 ? COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA, 2015 Form 1229 Consent to grant an Australian visa to a child under the age of 18 years Transaction Reference Number Telephone 131 881 during business hours in Australia to speak to an operator (recorded information available outside these hours).If you are outside Australia, please contact your nearest Australian mission. General enquiry line Home page https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,.au Please keep this information page for your reference Transaction Reference Number This T ransaction Reference Number is required if this consent relates to an electronic visa application.

中国-澳大利亚产地证FTA,中澳产地证申请表

1.Exporter's name, address, country:出口商）Certificate No.: CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN Form for China-Australia Free Trade Agreement Issued in The People’s Republic of China 2 Producer's name and address, country: 生产商 3. Consignee's name, address, country: 进口商 4.Means of transport and route (as far as known) Departure Date: Vessel /Flight/Train/Vehicle No. Port of loading : Port of discharge: 5. Remarks 6.项目编号 7.包装上的运输唛 头及编号: 8 Number and kind of packages, description of goods 9. HS code (Six digit code) 6位hs编码 10 Origin Criterion 原产地标准 (WO/WP/PSR) WP 11. Gross weight, quantity (Quantity Unit) or other measures (liters, m3, etc) 数量单位 12. Number, date of invoice And invoicd 发票号及发票日期 ***** 13．Declaration by the exporter or producer The undersigned hereby declares that the above- stated information is correct and that the goods exported to AUSTRALIA (IMPORTING PARTY) comply with the origin requirements specified in the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement Place and date, signature of authorized person 14．Certification On the basis of control carried out It is hereby certified that the information herein is correct and that the described goods comply with the orgin requirements of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement Place,and date*, signature and stamp of the authorised body Tel: Fax: Address:

澳大利亚签证 申请表

澳大利亚签证申请表 澳大利亚签证申请表 护照号码: 护照签发地: 发照国家: 护照签发时间: 姓名: 曾用姓名: 出生日期: 年月日护照有效期至: 出生地: 省国籍: 性别: 身份证号码 : 民族: 市婚姻状况:已婚口未婚口离异口丧偶口分居口配偶全名: 配偶出生日期: 年 月日现行家庭地址(城市、区、街或路、门牌号等请填写完整)邮编: 家庭电话: 手机号码: 资料邮寄地址(如遇家庭住址或工作单位地址一致请注明): 现任工作单位或就读学校全称(如有注册或固定英文名称也请填写) 单位电话( )—( ) 现任工作单位或就读学校地址(城市、区、街或路、门牌号等请填写完整) 单位传真 ( )— ( ) 职务(如退休也请填写退休前的工作单位全称和地址，写明已退 休。学生表明是学生) 电子邮箱: 现任工作单位在职多久: 年月 (退休表明何日退休，学生表明学习多久) 在澳期间联系人的地址:(城市、区、街或路、门牌号等请填写完整) 邮编: 在澳期间联系人姓名: 手机: 住宅电话联系人与您的关系: 工作单位电话: 想何时访问澳大利亚: 年月日——年月日您为这次赴澳准备多少资金: 元此行目的: 商务口旅游口其它: 您是否到过澳大利亚: 是 ? 否 ? 申请年月申请地点申请的签证种类是否被批准 在过去的两年中您或您的家人、与您走的进的朋友是否有人患有肺结核:是否是否曾被拘留或逮捕:是否 您是否曾经被禁止进入澳大利亚或被驱逐出境:是否 是否曾经申请过澳大利亚的签证:是否何种签证:

是否曾经被澳大利亚拒签:是否 您的澳大利亚签证是否曾被吊销或作废: 是否 是否曾有人问您申办过澳大利亚移民签证:是否 你是否曾经参军, 是否如答是，则列出服役的国家，军种，军衔，军事特长以及服役日期 我谨声明:本表所列各项内容均属事实且详尽。我明白～所列内容如被发现不实或不详～我的申请将被驳回。 澳大利亚签证申请表,P2、共3页～ 家属信息表,出生日期的年月日必须填写具体的～如家人过逝也须填写相关信息, 出生日期婚姻关系姓名国籍现行住址护照号码护照有效期至现行职业及地点状况 年月日申请人 申请人年月日配偶 申请人年月日母亲 申请人年月日父亲 申请人之儿女(包括所有儿女及正式继养、收养之子女) 姓婚姻关系出生日期及地点国籍现行住址护照号码护照有效期至现行职业名状况年月日 年月日 年月日 年月日 申请人之兄弟姐妹(包括同父异母及同母异父之兄弟姐妹) 姓名关系婚姻状况出生日期及地点现行地址现行职业

澳大利亚飞航学院申请表

An AUD50 application fee must accompany this application (an exemption may apply for externally sponsored students or some official representatives). The non-refundable fee must be paid either (a) in the form of a bank draft payable to ‘Aviation Australia’ or (b) by credit card. Please indicate your payment details in the Application Fee section. Cash, personal cheque, or credit cards other than those stated are not accepted. This application will not be processed until the application fee is paid as specified. APPLICATION FEE Bank draft of AUD50 attached Credit card payment of AUD50 authorised below: Visa Mastercard American Express No. Exp. Date (mth/yr) ____ / ____ Cardholder’s Name ___________________________________________ Cardholder’s Signature _________________________________________ PERSONAL DETAILS Title: Mr / Mrs / Ms / Miss Family Name: ____________________ Given Names: ____________________________ English Name (if any): ______________________ Date of Birth: ____________________________ (Day/Month/Year) Gender: Male Female Citizenship: ____________________________ Country of Birth: _________________________________________ Passport No: __________________________ Do you have an Australian Visa? Yes No If Yes give category of visa: ________________________ Expiry date: ____________________________ (day/month/year) 3 digit code __________________________ What type of Visa are you applying for? Student / Work / Business / Tourist / 0ther ______________________________ At which Australian Consulate will you apply for your visa? _________________________________________________ Will you be 18 or older on the day that you intend to start your program? Yes No Permanent home address Home number and street: ___________________________________________________________________________ City: ____________________________________________ State: __________________________________________ Country: _________________________________________ Post/Zip code: ___________________________________ Mailing Address (if different from above): ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Phone: ________________________________ Email: ____________________________________________________ Contact address in Australia (if available): ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Phone: ________________________________ Email: ____________________________________________________ EDUCATIONAL AGENT Is this application via an Educational Agent?Yes No If yes, name and contact details: ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Email: _______________________________ Agent Stamp

澳洲自助游签证攻略篇

9，10月份准备去澳洲参加我发小的婚礼~顺便去旅游~于是从6月份就开始准备签证材料~并且希望一次递交，获签成功。 今天签证拿到了~分享一下签证过程以及攻略~~ 递交日期18JUL2011 收到快递获签日期28JUL2011 一共9个工作日。除去第一天递交和今天收到快递。具体来说是整7个工作日。效率相当快。而且我的护照还是白本哦~~换了新的护照。以前的被我撕毁了。没留下任何签证。紧张了一番。结果和男友双双白本。双双获签成功。。开心的冒泡了~ 签证获得是一年有效期26JUL2011--26JUL2012 进入澳洲的期限为3个月。一次。申请的签证类别是676（访客签证）（旅游签证）。如果是去自助游的。这个就适应啦~蜂迷朋友们~~咔咔 首先签证的申请表格我们是在澳大利亚驻华大使馆网站上面下载的。 网址为：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,.au/bjngchinese/DIMAcn31.html 进入之后我们可以看到申请签证所需材料。进去之后会有两个类别： 1.首次申请赴澳旅游签证（类别676）材料核对表 适用于首次申请赴澳旅游签证、或过去5年内从未访澳或只参加过ADS旅游团访澳的申请人。 2.非首次申请赴澳旅游签证（类别676）材料核对表 适用于曾以个人名义在过去5年中访问过澳大利亚的申请人 我的选择当然是NO.1啦~ 下面是NO.1的表格类容： 里面清楚的告诉了你所需要的材料。大家需要仔细阅读哦~~ 首次申请赴澳旅游签证（签证类别676）材料核对表 如果您从未赴澳旅游、或仅持过境签证入境过澳大利亚、或只参加过ADS 旅游团访问澳大利亚，请参阅此核对表来准备评估签证申请所需的主要文件。 递交签证申请时，请注意： ?提供以下文件的复印件； ?除了护照原件之外，不要邮寄任何其他文件的原件； ?保留一份您护照首页的复印件，以备健康检查时使用； ?中文文件请附英文翻译件； ?将此核对表填写完整后，放在您的签证申请首页。 签证申请表格与签证申请费是否已提供 适用于中国公民–用英文完整填写48R CHS 表 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,.au/allforms/foreign/48rchs.pdf 适用于非ETA 国家的公民https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,.au/visitors/tourist/976/eligibility.htm —用英语完整填写48R 表https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,.au/allforms/pdf/48r.pdf 用英文和中文填写54 表–家庭成员表https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,.au/allforms/pdf/54.pdf 签证申请费(如申请递交在北京签证处，还需加收EMS 回邮快递费) 参见: 签证申请费https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2d8913816.html,.au/bjngchinese/DIMAcn23.html 个人资料是否已提供 本人有效护照及旧护照（原件） 本人护照首页的复印件（包含本人信息页，如名字，出生年月等）

澳洲签证 探亲访友邀请函

澳大利亚.探亲、访友签证（广州领区） 序 号 资 料 清 单 原 件 复 印 件 资 料 说 明 01 护 照 1本 １份 A. 护照有效期须还至少有半年有效.如曾有旧护照请提供。 B. 申请人须在广东、海南、广西、福建、云南、贵州、湖南七省工作或居住，其他省市需要提供以上七省半年以上有效暂住证复印件（半年前开始生效的，不足半年者还需提供旧暂住证） 02 照 片 3张 近期半年的白底两寸彩色照片。 03 外方邀请资料 1份 1份 A. 邀请函内容包括：申请者的个人资料(姓,名, 出生年月,护照号码)、逗留时间天数 、访问行程、逗留目的、保证其返回中国、费用由谁支付、双方联系方式、邀请方亲笔签名。 B. 邀请人资料：如果是当地公民：身份证、护照、驾驶执照的复印件。如果是外国公民：护照及签证的复印件 C. 最好能提供半年以上纳税证明（以证明邀请人有合法的的经济来源 04 中方英文放假信原件 1张 A.放假信原件，必须有单位名称抬头、公章、负责人签名；须有可供领馆查询的地址、电话。内容包括：申请人（名字、护照号）在公司的职务、任职年限、月收入、假期多长、 逗留天数和说明谁承担费用、保证遵守当地法律按时返回中国。 B.名片：所提供的地址.电话.姓名必须正确真实，可以联系到本人。 05 中方公司资质证明 1份 营业执照副本或单位法人代码书复印件加盖公章。 06 双方关系证明 如是探亲，需提供亲属关系公证书（结婚公证，出生公证等） 如是访友，请提供以前联系的部分信件，照片等。 07 个人资料 1份 1份 A. 身份证复印件，必须用身份证原件复印 ，清晰。 B. 户口本复印件，全体家庭成员的户口本每一页复印件（复印件内容必须清晰）。结婚证复印件（如果已婚）。 08 财产的证明 1份 个人银行6个月以上历史消费记录(清单上必须能看到本人名字和卡号)或存折复印件.(建议提供) 银行存款（包括半年历史交易记录和银行存款证明）车产.房产.股票等等（针对没有较多出境记录的申请者，去过的申请者无需提供） 09 说明 1份 你或其他成员以前曾经申请过签证，提供以前申请的详情，包括送交申请的时间，所申请的签证类别以及申请是否获准被拒签。如你以前的申请曾被拒签过，请提供一份你所理解的以前申请被拒签的原因的说明。 10 其他辅助材料 1份 配偶财产、儿女的资料、全家的照片、学历证书、荣誉证书等. 11 有小孩随行 1份 A.学生需提供学校开具的在读证明（需英文），学生证复印件。 B.如果申请包括18岁以下的未成年人不与父母同行，请提供一份未成年人与父母的亲属关系证明，以及一份由不陪同出行的父母签名的授权书。 12 70岁以上老人 1份 需自行在指定医院进行国际旅行健康医疗体检，并需要购买旅游保险（费用自理） 13 申请表 1份 申请表可以使用中文填写(另见我社澳洲签证表格)； 客人须知 签证审核时间10-15个工作日(根据个人情况不同领事馆有权决定最终审理时间),签证官根据不同的个 案有权要求申请者增补资料有效期一般为三个月,最大停留期一般为三个月（签证官决定入境的次数). 特别提示:签证未有结果请不要出机票，否则一切后果由申请人自负，有结果之后,除护照外,其他所有递交资料均不退还,谢谢合作!

澳大利亚签证54表word填写版

Form 54 家庭构成 你想申请下列何种签证﹖ 仿问 (600) 其它 注意 ﹕ 1. 你只能用英文填写此表。 2. 你必須填写你在原籍国和外国的所有家庭成员的细节，其中包括同父异母（或同母异父）的兄弟姐妹和子女，继父与其前妻（或继母与其前夫）所生的兄弟姐妹和子女，领养的兄弟姐妹和子女。（如果人已不在世，可在“家庭地址”一栏填上“已故”。如果去向不明，可在“家庭地址”一栏填上“不知道”。 3. 你填写此表时如果有人协助，你只能在所填资料真实和正确，而且你完全知道﹑同意并理解资料的填入的情況下，才能在宣誓一栏下签字。 母亲父亲宣誓 我特此宣誓﹕ ? 本表中填写的资料完整而正确 ? 在他人协助下填写的本表任何部份的资料都是真实和正确的，而且我完全知道、同意并理解资料的填入。 日 月 年 日 月 年 ? COMMONWEALTH OF A USTRALIA, 2015 54 (Design date 10/15) “婚恋状况”代码 M = 已 婚 E = 订 婚 F = 事实婚姻 S = 分 居 D = 离 婚W = 寡/鳏 N = 未婚或未有过事实婚姻

Form Family composition Are you applying for a : Visitor visa (600) Other Note: 1. You must complete this form in English only . 2. You must give details of all your family members living in your home country and abroad including half, step and adopted brothers, sisters and children (if not living, write ‘Deceased’ in Home address column. If whereabouts unknown, write ‘Unknown’ in Home address column). 3. If you have been assisted in completing this form, you should only sign the Declaration if the information is true and correct and has been included with your full knowledge, consent and understanding. Father/Mother Father/Mother I declare that: ? the information I have given on this form is complete and correct. ? in any section of this form which has been completed with the assistance of another person, the information as set down is true and correct and has been included with my full knowledge, consent and understanding. Signature of a pplicant DAY MONTH YEAR DAY MONTH YEAR ? COMMONWEALTH OF A USTRALIA, 2015 54 (Design date 10/15) 54 ‘Relationship status’ codes M = Married E = Engaged F = De facto S = Separated D = Divorced W = Widowed N = Never married or been in a de facto relationship

澳大利亚签证2014年申请材料翻译模板(户口本)

No. xxxxxxxxx Type Non-farmer household Householder Name xxx Household Number Address Room 200, Unit 3, Building 28, No.9 xxxxxxx Road, Haidian District Residence-registration Seal of seal of Qinghe police station Beijing Municipal under Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau Public Security Bureau By: Feng Zhen Issuing Date: Oct. 21 2009

Registration on Address Changes Updated address Date of renewal Signature or seal of clerk Registration Card for Permanent Resident Name Xxx Family Relationship House Holder Other names Sex Male Place of Birth xxx City Ethic Nationality Han Native Place xxx City Date of Birth 1983-01-01 Other Address in This City Religion ID Number 110222************ Height 170 Blood Type B Education Back-ground Graduate Marital status Not Married Military Service Service Location Yours Company & Title Employee When and from which city did you move to this city Mar. 26 2001 Wenhua road, xxx city When and from which city did you move to the present address Nov. 21 2009 Haidian Human Resource Service Center, No. 29 Yi Suzhou street, Haidian District Agent Seal: Feng Zhen Registration date: Nov. 21 2009