Book 4 Unit 3 语法 教案

Unit 3 Grammar

School :

WTeacher:

Size : middle—sized

Type of lesson: reading

Senior section

Time : 40minutes

Material : book

Aids : multimedia

StepⅠ Goal

Learn about infinitives

StepⅡ Focus

Find out about the features of infinitives

StepⅢ Difficulties

1)Find the rule of infinitives

2)Learn to express with infinitives.

StepⅣ Process

1. Lead-in:

Question : What，s your dream after graduating?

Answer :My dream is to……

2. Study the rule

Infinitive(1)

Studying the rule

Read the following conversation , paying special attention to the underlined parts. Julia: Hi , Kate. I heard that you became an English teacher after graduation. How，s your new job?

Kate: Well, it took me a couple of weeks to get used to my new role. Y ou know , from

a student to a teacher. I was asked to remember all the 60 students，names. Julia: Yes. It，s not an easy jo

b to be a teacher.

Kate: Especially a primary school teacher! Some of the kids wanted to talk with you. They wanted you to answer every question they asked. Some kids

pretended to be sleeping in class.

Julia: Sounds terrible! I hope not to meet kids like that.

Kate: Fortunately, the other teachers in my office gave me many suggestions. One teacher helped me solve the first problem. He made every kid speak two

minutes in class. Another one told me that I could have some kids stay after school to have a friendly conversation. Let me tell you the truth, now I am happy to have been staying with my workmates and my kids!

3 Find the rule

1)What are infinitives? Tick and fill in the blanks to find out about the features of

infinitives.

Features of Infinitives

Basic form ＋

Change of person □Yes□No

Example sentence from the conversation:

Change of singular or plural form □Yes□No

Example sentence from the conversation:

Change of voice □Yes□No

Example sentence from the conversation:

Change of tense □Yes□No

Example sentence from the conversation:

2) Find the difference between the blue and the purple parts in the conversation of

Studying the rule.

BARE INFINITIVE:

When verbs like , , ,and are followed by an infinitive, we don，t have “to” preceding them.

4 Apply the rule

1. Rewrite the following sentences after the example

Example: They are happy if they help you. →They are happy to help you.

1)He did not expect that he would find a job so soon.

2)The last person that arrived was our monitor.

3)He hopes that he will not fail the exam again.

4)I was sorry that I heard your father was dead.

5)Don，t forget you have promised that you will come back soon.

6)It is not an easy thing if we want to master a foreign language.

7)I made a plan that I would pay a visit to China one day.

8)It，s helpful if the students repeat the sentences out loud.

9)The boss made the workers work long hours every day .(passive voice)

10)We saw the thief enter the room.(passive voice)

2. Look at the following pictures of the Wonderful Wizard of Oz（《绿野仙踪》）. Complete the story with the proper forms of the verbs given on the next page.

visit play help get kill

send tell see Go

A lovely girl named Dorlthy and her dog Otto when a strong wind blew their house to a place far away from home. Dorothy met a kind witch here and told her that she wanted back home. The kind witch asked her

the Wizard of Ozin the castle, who had the magic power Dorothy back.

On the way to castle Dorothy met a scarecrow who wanted a brain, a Tinman who wanted a heart, and a lion who tried courage in itself. They became good friends. In fact, the Wizard of Oz didn，t have any magic power at all. But he decided the truth. He promised Dorothy and her friends if they could kill the bad witch.

When the bad witch knew about Dorothy, she was very angry. A pack of wolves and three monkeys Dorothy and her friends. After many fights,

Dorothy defeated the bad witch and went back home with a pair of magic shoes. Her aunt was very surprised her again.

人教版高中英语必修四 Unit4 Body language-语法篇(教师版)

Unit4 Body language语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法----动词的-ing形式作定语和状语并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。 一、动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+ing形式”构成，它既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。v-ing 能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。其时态和语态的变化为 二、动词-ing形式的作用 1.动词-ing形式作定语 E.g. The sleeping baby looks very beautiful. (前置定语)这位正在睡觉的婴儿看起来太漂亮了。 E.g. The man sitting in the car is waiting for his daughter. (后置定语)坐在车里的男子正在等他的女儿。 E.g. The law being carried out is to ban drunken driving.(后置定语，强调正在被执行的法律) 正在执行中的这则法律旨在禁止酒后驾驶。 名师点拨 (1)现在分词短语作定语时通常后置，而单个的分词作定语时可置于被修饰词的前面，也可置于被修饰词的后面。 (2)现在分词的完成时的主动及被动形式均不作后置定语。 2．动词-ing形式作状语。 (1)作时间状语。 E.g. Working in the office，the clerk heard an explosion from the street. 在办公室工作时，这位职员听到街上发出了爆炸声。 E.g. Having finished her homework，the girl was busy with the thing she likes. 完成了家庭作业，女孩就忙于做她喜欢做的事情。 名师点拨 动词-ing形式一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词－ing形式的完成式则表示该

英语四级必看英语语法(全)

all the same 仍然,照样的as regards 关于,至于anything but 根本不as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例 as a result(of) 因此,由于as far as ...be concerned 就...而言as far as 远至,到...程度as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下as if 好像,仿怫 as good as 和...几乎一样as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还as well as 除...外(也),即...又

aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多at first 最初,起先 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 内心里,本质上at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少at last 终于 at length 最终,终于at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经,一度;同时at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任...处理at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早by chance 偶然,碰巧

高一英语教案Module4 Unit3 Welcome to the unit

赣榆一中2010-2011学年度第二学期高一英语教案 Module4 Unit3 W elcome to the unit Step 1 Free T alk Teacher show Ss two pictures of Crop Circles, and raises several questions: 1. What are they ? 2. Can you guess who make them ? 3. Do you believe that there exist aliens? 4. Have you ever watched any movies about aliens? Ss answer these questions all together. Step 2 Lead-in Teacher shows two pictures of E.T. and Qizai and asks, ‘Have you ever watched any movies about aliens and what are they?’ Teachers shows Ss a short video of Changjiang 7 to rise Ss’ interest. Step3 Look at the pictures and discuss Picture1 1. What is the robot doing in this picture? 2. If you have a robot, what do you want him to do for you? 3. Do you think it a good idea to let robots do everything for humans? If so, what will happen? Ss work in groups and share opinions with the class. Picture2 1. What is the place used for?

英语四级语法全

四级语法 一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 2．被动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 时。 时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /

1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have t o be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

四年级英语下册Module4Unit2WillitbehotinHaikou教案设计外研版三起

Module 4 Unit 2 Will it be hot in Haikou? 教学目标： 知识与技能： 1.Words: weather hot cold sunny snow rain windy 2. Sentences: Will it be hot in Haikou? Yes, it will. / No， it won't. 3. Using “will” to describe weather in the future. 过程与方法：Describing weather in the future and talking about weather. 情感、态度和价值观：用英语进行对天气的预想 德育目标：养成学生有规律的生活习惯 重点：1. Words: weather hot cold sunny snow rain windy 2. Sentences: Will it be windy in Beijing? Yes, it will. / No， it won't. 难点： Using “will” to describe weather in the future. 教学方法：对话、说唱 教学过程： （一）导入：Warming up: Look say and act: hot cold rain sunny snow windy (复习学过的有关天气的形容词，为本课的学习打好基础） （二）探究新知Presentation: Show a map pf China. Write city’s name on the map. Show the cards of weather to students. And listen to the tape then point to the pictures. Draw the simple pictures on the board. And write the words. Learn the words and draw the pictures in the exercise books. (同时讲解 rain 与 rainy 的区分) Show the robot to the students and say “The robots will do everything. So the robots will broadcast the weather, too. Now let’s act. Listen again and repeat the text then act (表演机器人天气预报员，以小组的形式操练句型) Show CAI to students. (看课件，模仿并跟读，引出本课的重点句子，板书句子。) （三）巩固新知Practice: Game: Listen and stick. Listen to tape and stick the

人教版高中英语必修一unit1经典教案

龙文教育学科老师个性化教案 教师学生姓名上课日期 学科英语年级教材版本人教版 学案主题必修一unit 1 课时数量 （全程或具体时间） 第（1）课时授课时段 教学目标 教学内容 必修一unit 1个性化学习问题解决必修一unit 1 教学重点、 难点难点：词汇重点：词汇 教学过程一．词汇 单词用法讲解 survey 调查．测验 add up 合计 upset adj 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 ignore不理睬．忽视 have got to 不得不；必须 concern（使）担比：涉及；关系到n 担心；关注．（利害）关系be concerned about 关心．挂念 walk the dog 遇狗 loose adj 松的．松开的 vet 兽医 go through 经历；经受 Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） Netherlands 荷兰（西欧国家）

German 德国的．德国人的.德语的. Nazi 纳粹党人adj 纳粹党的 set down 记下；放下.登记 series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的．一系列；一套outdoors在户外．在野外 spellbind 迷住；疑惑 purpose 故意 in order to 为了 dusk 黄昏傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n 雷，雷声 entire adj 整个的；完全的，全部的entirely ady. 完全地.全然地.整个地Power能力.力量．权力。 Face to face 面对面地 Curtain 窗帘；门帘．幕布 dusty adj 积满灰尘的 no longer /not …any longer 不再partner 伙伴．合作者．合伙人 settle 安家.定居.停留vt 使定居.安排.解决suffer vt &遭受；忍受经历

英语四级语法全

四级语法 一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 2．被动形式 CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚 拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /

外研版七年级英语上册Module 4 Unit 3教案

Module 4 Healthy food Unit 3 Language in use 教学目标 【知识与技能】 1. 掌握本模块的单词和短语 2. 熟练运用have/has got句型。 3. 能在句子中正确使用some, any。 4. 正确区分可数名词与不可数名词，并能正确使用可数名词的复数形式。 5. 能够运用所学的知识发表自己对食品的看法，在同学之间进行真实的交际。【情感、态度与价值观】 让学生学会区分健康食品与垃圾食品，培养学生形成良好的饮食习惯，拥有强健的体魄。 教学重难点 【教学重点】 1. 能够运用所学的知识发表自己对食品的看法。 2. 能够制作食品海报并进行展示。 【教学难点】 1. 能够运用所学的知识发表自己对食品的看法。 2. 能够制作食品海报并进行展示。 教学过程 Step 1 Revision

Review the text of Unit 1 and Unit 2 . Step 2 Language practice 1. Read through the example sentences in the box with the whole class . 2. Ask the students to repeat the sentences in the box. 3. Grammar : …have /has got some… …haven’t /hasn’t got any… Have / Has … got any…? Step 3 Work in pairs 1.Ask the students to work in pairs and to talk about the fridge. — Have we got any meat in the fridge? — Yes , we have. — Have we got any…? —Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t. 2. Write about the fridge in the picture with have got some and haven’t got any . 3. Call back the answers from the whole class, check the answers. Answers :

人教英语必修一Unit1Friendship教案3

Unit 1 Friendship (Listening and Writing) 整体设计 从容说课 This is the sixth teaching period of this unit. We can first review some important language points the students learned in the last several periods. The emphasis of this period should be laid on listeni ng and writing. They are expansion of the topic of the text. Listening is about Lisa’s problem of making a friend with a boy. She asks Miss Wang for advice. Through listening and exercise, students learn how to give advice and the skill of giving advice. And also let them think about the problem of boy’s making friends with girls and girls with boys. And then design a task to ask students to give advice according to the different problems to develop their ability to solve the problems. All of these lay the foundation for the next task—writing. In this way, students feel that they have information to put out. And writing makes for the improvement of students’ writing ability, strengthening their comprehension of friendship. The two letters, listening and letter writing prepare students to further talk about friendship, especially the problems with misunderstanding, and unfriendliness, thus strengthen students’ abilities to practice language, discover, and solve problems. 教学重点 Develop the students’ listening ability, especially listening to and understanding key words and speakers’ intention and attitude. 教学难点 Develop the students’ writing skills by reading, discussing and writing a letter to give advice on friendship. 教学方法 1. Task-based teaching and learning 2. Cooperative learning 3. Discussion 教具准备 A tape recorder and other normal teaching tools 三维目标 Knowledge aims: 1. Get the students to learn the following new words and useful expressions. teenager get along with fall in love advice questionnaire quiz editor communicate habit 2. Get the students to know how to write a letter to offer advice. Ability aims: 1. Enable the students to listen and understand the listening materials. 2. Enable the students to write a letter to offer advice on friendship. Emotional aims: Develop and improve the students’ ability to help others solve such problems as how to communicate with people, how to make and be good friends, and so on. 教学过程 设计方案（一） →Step 1 Revision

Book 3 Unit 1-4词汇及语法复习题 (二)

Unit 1-4词汇及语法复习题（二） 单句语法填空： 1. The __________________ (hunt) were awaiting the animals in the forest. 2. The girls were playing tricks ______ their new classmates. 3. She was overjoyed to hear about ______________ (arrive) of the baby. 4. The more he worked, the more _______________ (energy) he became. 5. This shop sells goods ______ all kinds. 6. Will you lend me your jacket ______ a little while? 7. He is proud _____ his great success ____ in scientific researches. 8. The activity is bound to get all of us to have fun _______ each other. 9. The garden, ______________ (cover) with flowers, looks as if it is dressed in colorful clothes. 10. People can either give it as a gift to friends ____ hang it in their houses as a decoration. 11. We don’t permit ______________ (smoke) here. 12. We don’t permit you __________________ (smoke) here. 13. She pulled the ____________ (drown) man from the water and gave him first aid. 14. She reminds me _____ the party. 15. She reminds me ____________ (go) to the party. 16. Paula was driving __________ a car crashed into hers. 17. Keeping a _____________ (balance) diet and taking exercise regularly are recognized _____ a healthy lifestyle. 18. If you are _______________ (curiosity) about the history of our school, you mustn’t miss the chance! 19. To our surprise, he should get away _________ cheating in that business. 20. No other book has a _____________ (great) effect on my life than this one. 21. Fossil fuels are ___________ (limit). 22. Travelling is ________________ (benefit) to us. 23. Tina is such a good teacher __________ we all respect her. 24. You will end up ____ debt if you keep on spending money like that. 25. The patient was ____________ (permit) to get out of bed after 10 days’ rest. 26. It describes a happy scene ____________ people are singing and dancing happily. 27. I saw bird watchers who ___________ (spot) a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides. 28. His illness accounted ________ his absence from school. 29. I think _____ necessary that classic poetry should be included in textbooks. 30. I wonder ____________ you are available to attend my wedding. 31. My main concern is ____________ he lacks experience. 32. I understand __________ you feel and we’ll try our best to help you out. 33. Table manners are __________ you should pay attention to. 34. Let’s wait and see _____________ shop will offer the best service. 35. Can I speak to _________________ is in charge of the project?

英语四级语法大全

语法大全之目录 1.名词 2.冠词和数词 3.代词 4.形容词和副词 5.动词 6.动名词 7.动词不定式 8.特殊词精讲 9.分词 10.独立主格 11.动词的时态 12.动词的语态 13.句子的种类 14.倒装 15.主谓一致 16.虚拟语气 17.名词性从句 18.定语从句 19.状语从句 20.连词 21.情态动词 1. 名词 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：_______________________________________ ||专有名词|| | 名|| 个体名词|| |||| 可数名词| ||| 集体名词|| ||普通名词||| | 词|| 物质名词||

外研版英语七年级上册Module7Unit3教案.doc

M7 A famous story Unit 3Language in use 渭南市华州区少华中学方继玉 ⅠTeaching model:Revision and application ⅡTeaching method:Formal and interactive practice. ⅢTeaching objectives A:knowledge objectives 1.To review the key words, phrases and sentences of M7. 2.To make sentences using the past continuous tense. B: Ability objectives To summaries and consolidate the use of past continuous tense. C： Moral objectives To read and share some famous stories with each other. ⅣTeaching importance and difficulty 1.To summaries and consolidate the use of past continuous tense. 2.To practice the new vocabularies and expressions. ⅤTeaching method PWP method task -based method ⅥTeaching aids A Tape record. multimedia and some pictures ⅦTeaching procedures Learning aims 1.To review the key words, phrases, and sentences of M7. 2.To use the past continuous tense correctly. 3.To learn to write a short story. Step 1: Review the knowledge知(识回顾） Ⅰ知识回顾 ---师友互查 1). Review the phrases 1.在河边 2.跌倒，倒下 3.在树上 4.朝微笑 5.偶尔，一两次 6.考虑 7.熄灭，停电 8.在某人去的路上 9.追赶 10.停止做某事 11 无事可做12 太而不能13从前 14 摔倒 15 取代，代替 1.by the river 2.fall down 3. in the tree 4.smile at 5.once or twice 6.think about 7.go off 8.on one's way to 9.run after10.stop doing11.have nothing to do

高一英语人教版必修四第四单元语法训练试题+答案

一、对比练习: Book4 Unit4 Body language v –ing 形式做定语和状语训练题 1. He stood there ___ _for his mother . 2. __ for two hours , he went away.(wait) 3. __ to the left , you'll find the post office . 4. If you ________ to the left , you'll find the post office . 5. __ to the left , and you'll find the post office .(turn) 6. __ from space , the earth looks blue . 7. _ _from space , we can see the earth is blue .(see) 8. The dirty clothes ____ , the girl hung them up outside . 9. __ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .(wash) 10 The building ____ now will be a restaurant . 11. The building ___ next year will be a restaurant . 12. The building ___ last year is a restaurant.(built) 13. In the ____ week we'll have another exam. 14. In the week __ _______ ,we'll have another exam.(come) 15. Most of us went to see her, __ _____ some girls. 16. Most of us went to see her, some girls __ ______ _.(include) 17. If time ____ , I'll go to see my friends tomorrow. 18. Time ___ _____ , I'll go to see my friends tomorrow.(permit) 19 ___ his wallet, he became very worried. 20. __ ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.（lose ） 21. The girl __ ______ in a colorful skirt looks beautiful. 22. The mother __ her son must be late for the work.(dress) 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1 ________ i t with me and I'll see what I can do.(leave) 2. _ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds.（inspire ） 3. I listened to the wind, __ ___ (think) that he would not come tonight. 4 _________ ( eat) nothing since the night before, I felt very hungry. 5. The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself __ ___ (follow) by a young man in black ． 6. More than one hundred workers remained____(trap) in the coal mine, though fifty had been saved. 7. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do (work)with students. 8. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could _ ____ (tidy) up the rooms. 9. Keep quiet! I hear someone ____ “ my heart will go on ”. (sing) 10. Please fill in the form, ___ (give) your name, address and telephone number. 11. T he policeman came up to the lonely house with the door (open), __ (stand) there for a while and then entered it. 12. Something as simple as ___ _(eat) vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. 13 ______ (influence) by the growing interest in nature, more and more people enjoy outdoor sports . 14. In almost every country, English is a key to ____ (get) ahead.