人教版英语语法专项突破讲义：词性转换(构词法)及答案

第三讲词性转换(构词法) [思维导图]

一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律

1．动词变名词的后缀

2.形容词变名词的后缀

二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律

[名师指津] －ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；－ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。

三、形容词转化为副词的规律

厘清两种情况，突破词性转换

从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”

1．名词在句中作宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰

[例1] She is determined to carry on with her________(educate)．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) [分析] education[前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。]

[例2] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the________(develop)of chopsticks.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)

[分析] development[根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需要名词。] 2．形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前

[例3] It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)

[分析] suddenly→sudden[此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。]

3．形容词在句中作表语，常放在be，get，become，remain等系动词后

[例4] At one time，I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)

[分析] freely→free[此处需要用形容词作表语。be free from them“摆脱他们”。] 4．形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词

[例5] As I walked，I looked up，trying to realize what made this day so ________(beauty)．

[分析] beautiful[使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。] 5．副词在句中修饰动词

[例6] The title will be________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)

[分析] officially[此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我。分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。]

6．副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词

[例7] Dad and I were terrible worried.(全国卷Ⅱ)

[分析] terrible→terribly[此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。]

7．副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等

[例8] ________(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(广东高考) [分析] Luckily[此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。]

8．要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。

如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。

[例9] There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and________(disappoint)．(新课标全国卷Ⅱ)

[分析] disappointed[disappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用－ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。]

从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点

词形变化是重点，注意特殊形式和变化特点：以－e结尾加－ly，切记true需把－e去；－ble，－ple都是去－e把－y加。另外需注意形副同形词。

[例10] Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)

[分析] steady→steadily[谓语动词grow是不及物动词，意为“增长，增强”，此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。grow steadily意为“稳定地增长”。] [例11] Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular)．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)

[分析] regularly[此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语“take short breaks”。]

[例12] My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.(陕西高考) [分析] immediate→immediately[此处修饰“jumped up”，故应用副词形式。]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Running is cheap，easy and it’s always________(energy)．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)

答案energetic[根据句子结构可知，此处应该使用与其前的cheap、easy相同形式的形容词energetic作表语。]

2．A taste for meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)

答案actually[应用副词作状语修饰系动词is。]

3．This switch has decreased________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)

答案pollution[此处作decreased的宾语，应填名词pollution。]

4．According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________(globe) fertilizer consumption.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)

答案global[此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption，意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”，故用形容词作定语。]

5．I’m a________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)

答案scientist[设空处前面是a，可知空处应填可数名词单数，再联系文章内容可知“我”是一位科学家，故填scientist。]

6．The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be________(afford) but doing this most days adds up.(2018·浙江高考)

答案affordable[根据语境可知此处作表语，所以要用形容词形式。] 7．Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in________(weigh) problems.(2018·浙江高考)

答案weight[表示体重方面的问题，要用名词作定语。]

8．Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia’s biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top________(attract)．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) 答案attraction[句意：但是对像我这样的游客来说，大熊猫是最吸引人的东西。此处作表语的应该是名词attraction，意为“吸引人之物，诱惑物”。]

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．I felt happily that their life had improved.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)

答案happily→happy[动词felt在此处是系动词，意为“觉得，感觉”，其后应该使用形容词happy作表语。]

2．Immediate，I raised my hand.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)

答案Immediate→ Immediately[根据语境，此处修饰整个句子，应该使用副词。] 3．My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)

答案honest→honesty[根据句意和结构可知，此处应该使用名词形式。]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．They had both been sentenced to death (die)．(2019·辽宁沈阳二中模拟)

2．The girl then plants a kiss on the grass in a heart－warming show of affection(affect)．(2019·福建漳州质检)

3．My application (apply) was successful and I spent an enjoyable month learning film －making.(2019·广东佛山质检)

4．Perhaps he can make his fortune (fortunate)at football.(2019·海口一中模拟)

5．I really needed Snow，because it was good for my recovery__(recover)．(2019·洛阳一中模拟)

6．Pop－up shops first appeared in the UK in the early 2000s.They were originally (origin)a way for small companies to rent small space in great locations.(2019·锦州模拟)

7．Indeed，travelling around this country will truly(true)give you an amazing experience because of its interesting things offered to all types of tourists.(2019·邯郸模拟) 8．The water near the equator is less salty than that found in the mid－latitudes (中纬度) for abundant(abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.(2019·江西五市八校联考)

9．Films，books，magazines，etc.give us daily (day) amusement.(2019·佛山三模) 10．In some crowded (crowd) cities，the car has polluted the air so badly that people get sick just from breathing it.(2019·桃江一中模拟)

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly－equipped classroom，I found the teachers patiently. (2019·湖南桃江一中模拟)Disappointing→Disappointed；patiently→patient

2．Similar，people prefer movies that reflect their mood.(2019·海口模拟)Similar→Similarly

3．While having an operation，she had a nearly death experience.(2019·南昌模拟)nearly→near

4．I have read lots of inspired stories of kindness.

(2019·赣州模拟)inspired→inspiring

5．The scene looked so nicely.(2019·马鞍山模拟)nicely→nice

6．In order to make myself understood，I told him how to go there as clear as possible. (2019·山东师大附中模拟)clear→clearly

7．First，we must be friendly and kind.

(2019·辽宁师大附中模拟)kindly→kind

8．I’m looking forward to your kindly reply at your earliest convenient.(2019·兰州一中模拟)convenient→convenience

9．Though the circumstance was hard，he made fully use of everything to study，which contributed to being admitted to Peking University.(2019·湖北沙市模拟)fully→full 10．Even closest friends have quarrels，so do n’t take it too serious.(2019·大庆实验中学模拟)serious→seriously

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2019·太原模拟)Everyone has secrets，and John Corcoran is no exception.For decades，Corcoran lived with an 1.________ (embarrass) secret，one that millions of Americans have.He was a college graduate and had even been a teacher for years，2.________ John was reading at an elementary school level once.3.________ (fail) to learn how to read in school，Corcoran finally developed the thought that there was something wrong with him.Then one day，at the age of 48，he accidentally 4.________ (hear) two women in the checkout line talking about how proud they were 5.________ their adult brother for finally learning how to read.Soon afterwards，Corcoran went to a reading clinic

6.________ (get) help.After 125 hours’ professional

7.________(treat)，he could read at

a 12th grade level.Since he began to learn to read，Corcoran 8.________(write) poems and short stories，and has started a foundation to provide tutoring for thousands of students 9.________ cannot read like him.“I used to call my problem a curse，”Corcoran said，“but now it’s 10.________ (actual) a blessing to me，because I get to encourage others and show it’s never too late to learn how to read.”

【语篇解读】John Corcoran的阅读能力只有小学一年级的水平，最后通过自己的努力他克服了这个难题。

1．embarrassing[考查词性转换。修饰secret应用形容词，embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”，符合语境。]

2．but[考查连词。根据John was reading at an elementary school level once可知和前面的内容是转折关系。]

3．Failing[考查非谓语动词。Corcoran和fail 之间为主动关系，故填其现在分词形式作原因状语。]

4．heard[考查动词时态。根据语境可知此处讲述过去的一件事情。]

5．of[考查介词。be proud of意为“为……感到自豪”。此句是一个how引导的感叹句。]

6．to get[考查非谓语动词。这里表示去诊所的目的，故用动词不定式。] 7．treatment[考查词性转换。根据前面的professional可知此处应用名词形式。] 8．has written[考查时态。根据Since he began to learn to read可知需用现在完成时态。]

9．that/who[考查定语从句。先行词为students，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用that/who。]

10．actually[考查词性转换。此处修饰整个句子应用副词形式。]

Ⅳ.短文改错

I’m not on the habit of keeping things neat.Sometimes I worry about be so disorganized，but I never feel like doing anything about it.My bedroom is always mess，so I can hardly find https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2810114030.html,st Friday evening，I finished doing my homework and then starting to make dinner with my mother.Unfortunate，I couldn’t find my assignment anywhere the next morning，so I have to redo it.What terrible it was！My mother told me that I should learn to keep my things in the order.I really want to change my badly habit，but I don’t know where to start.

答案

I’m not on

in the habit of keeping things neat.Sometimes I worry about

be

being so

disorganized，but I never feel like doing anything about it.My bedroom is always

mess messy或mess前加a ，so I can hardly find

everything

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2810114030.html,st Friday evening，I finished

doing my homework and then starting

started to make dinner with my mother.

Unfortunate

Unfortunately，

I couldn’t find my assignment anywhere the next morning，so I have

had to redo it.

What

How

terrible it was！My mother told me that I should learn to keep my things in

order.I really want to change my badly

bad habit，but I don’t know where to start.

高考语法填空词性转换

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英语词性语法总结归纳

英语词性语法总结归纳 英语的语法大家了解多少呢，对于英语来说，我们第一步要了解的就是应粗词性的分类，只有把词性了解透彻了，我们在阅读和写作当中，才能够出色的应对考题，小编在这里整理了相关知识，快来学习学习吧! 英语词性语法总结归纳 一.名词 I. 名词的种类： 专有名词 普通名词 国名.地名.人名， 团体.机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 II. 名词的数： 1. 规则名词的复数形式： 名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方

法与读音规则列表如下： 规则 例词 1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 6

高考英语语法填空词性转换

n. 名词 a. 形容词ad. 副词v. 动词absence n. 缺席 absent a. 缺席的 accuracy n. 精确 accurate a. 精确的 ambition n. 雄心 ambitious a. 有雄心的 anger n. 愤怒 angry a. 愤怒的 argue v.争论 argument n. 争论 assist v. 援助 assistance n. 援助 assistant n. 助手 agency n. 代理机构 agent n. 代理人 benefit n. 利益 beneficial a. 有益的 belief n. 信条，信念 believe v. 相信 beg v. 乞求，乞讨 beggar n. 乞丐 central a. 中心的 center n. 中心 cheer n. & v. 欢呼 cheerful a. 高兴的 convenience n. 便利 convenient a. 方便的 conclude v. 总结 conclusion n. 总结 cook v. 烹调，做饭 cook n. 炊事员，厨师 curious a. 好奇的 curiosity n. 好奇 create v. 创造 creative a. 有创造力的 cruel a. 残酷的 cruelty n. 残酷 decide v. 决定 decision n. 决定 drink v. 喝 drunk a. 醉的 describe v. 描述 description n. 描述

disability n. 残疾disabled a. 残疾的distance n. 距离distant a. 遥远的discover v. 发现discovery n. 发现energetic a.精力旺盛的energy n. 精力，能量enjoy v. 欣赏；喜欢enjoyable a. 愉快的entrance n. 入口 enter v. 进入 explain v. 解释explanation n. 解释enthusiasm n. 热情enthusiastic a. 热情的effect n. 影响 affect v. 影响 fame n. 名声 famous a. 著名的 fool n. 傻子 foolish a. 愚蠢的fortunate a. 幸运的fortune n. 财产；运气free a. 自由的freedom n. 自由 grow v. 生长 growth n. 生长，增长fright n. 惊恐 frighten v. 恐吓happiness n. 幸福happy a. 幸福的 hate v. 恨 hatred n. 恨 humorous a. 幽默的humour n. 幽默 hunger n. 饥饿 hungry a. 饥饿 inspire v. 鼓舞；唤起inspiration n. 激励，灵感insurance n. 保险insure v. 给…保险journalist n. 记者journalism n. 新闻业

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初中英语语法知识点总结

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10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

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