语用学
Chapter 6 Pragmatics
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four
choices best completes the statement and choose the letter A, B, C or D. 1. is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.
A. Semantics
B. Pragmatics
C. Sociolinguistics
D. Psycholinguistics
2. covers the study of language use in relation to context, and in particular the study of
linguistic communication.
A. Semantics
B. Pragmatics
C. Sociolinguistics
D. Stylistics
3. is not the most typical of the representatives.
A. Stating
B. Thanking
C. Swearing
D. Hypothesizing
4. found that natural language had its own logic and concluded Cooperative Principle.
A. John Austin
B. John Firth
C. Paul Grice
D. William Jones
5. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called .
A. semantics
B. pragmatics
C. sociolinguistics
D. psycholinguistics
6. proposed that speech act can fall into five general categories.
A. Austin
B. Searle
C. Sapir
D. Chomsky
7. Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the .
A. declarations
B. directives
C. commissives
D. expressives
8. The illocutionary point of the is to express the psychological state specified in the
utterance.
A. declarations
B. expressives
C. commissives
D. directives
9. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some
future course of action are called .
A. commisives
B. directives
C. expressives
D. declarations
10. The utterance “We’re already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week.” obviously violates
the maxim of .
A. quality
B. quantity 西语学院
吴 莉
C. relation
D. manner
11. Y’s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of . X: who was
that you were with last night?
Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?
A. quality
B. quantity
C. relation
D. manner
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.
1. A l act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.
2. The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something’s being the case, to the truth of what has been said.
3. C are statements that either state or describe, and are thus verifiable.
4. C are those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action.
5. According to Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts, “to suggest that someone should see the doctor” should fall into the category of d .
6. D are attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do something.
7. P is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.
8. P are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state, and are not verifiable.
9. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same
i point, but they differ in their strength or force.
10. The c is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic
sense.
11. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an
u is concrete and context-dependent.
12. In making a conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is
called the C Principle proposed by J.Grice.
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.
( ) 1. If the use of context is considered, the study is carried out in the area of pragmatics. ( ) 2. If we take “The dog is barking” as a grammatical unit and consider it as a self-contained unit in isolation, we are treating it as a sentence.
( ) 3. A locutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.
( ) 4.When performing an illocutionary act of representative, the speaker is making a statement or giving a description which he himself believes to be true.
( ) 5. The utterance meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered. ( ) 6. While conversation participants nearly always observe the CP, they do not always observe these maxims strictly.
( ) 7. Inviting, suggesting, warning, ordering are instances of commissives.
( ) 8. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is noticeably violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.
( ) 9. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the illocutionary act because this kind of speech is identical with the speaker’ s intention.
( ) 10. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an utterance.
( ) 11. Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the
initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.