新托福长难句精析-抓五大基本句型
托福长难句精析
Lecture 1 基本句型
1.The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are
distributed in both the most just and the most effective way, is not a new one.
2.Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation
began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.
3.The older painters，most of whom were born before 1835，practiced in a mode often
self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy of Design．
解析：The older painters…practiced in a mode…and were securely established in and fostered by…为句子主干
译文：老一代画家大多数出生于1835年以前，他们以一种经常是自学的方式和以风景画题材为主的形式作画。这些老画家是由当时美国艺坛上占统治地位的国家设计学院培养出来的，而且他们也在那里确立了自己的地位。
4.In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in
question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others．
解析：(以and连接的并列句)
译文：在15或30秒的时间里，发言人无法建立形成正在讨论的问题的历史背景；不能详细阐述问题产生的可能原因；无法仔细审查几种建议以辩论哪一种更可取。
5.The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, and switched
abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.
解析：句子主干：the seesaw brought cycles of… and switched to … or to…
6. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including
the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．
解析：(介词结构from…to…作定语)
译文：持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用最佳性能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。
7.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small．
解析：(特殊结构it helps to…做…有帮助)
译文：要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助。
8.The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature; furthermore, in its manifestation of speed
and noise, it might be a despoiler of human nature as well.
解析：(关联结构could be and was) ;
分句1. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature
分句2. it might be a despoiler of human nature as well．
1和2 是并列（由分号连接的两个并列分句）
译文：铁路可以，事实上也是自然的掠夺者；而且，在其速度和噪音的表现上也可能是人性的掠夺者。
2020年托福阅读长难句100句：后置定语从句.doc
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英语简单句的五种基本句型
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暑假课程(高中英语)讲义--句子的基本成分 五种基本句型 长难句分析
XXXX教育学科教师辅导讲义 讲义编号 学员编号：年级：课次数/课时进度：学员姓名：辅导科目：学科教师： 学科组长签名及日期 课题句子的主要成分和五种基本句型 授课时间：备课时间： 教学目标1.认清句子的成分及其作业 2.能够有自主分析长难句以便理解篇章意思 重点、难点1.如何理解句子的成分问题 2.如何快速找出句子的主要成分 考点及考试要求 1.语言的综合运用能力 2.培养良好的学习习惯 教学内容Part 1 Homework Checking & Revision Part 2 Sentence Structures 一：句子成分摸底测试 一．指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 二．判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a cha ir in this room, isn’t there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 二：基本语法 概述句子成分 句子的基本成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析 译文)
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简单句的五种基本句型教案
教学讲义
三、主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P) [例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。 3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。 7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) [例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。 3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。 4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。 5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常
考研英语复习：阅读中长难句三种句型详解
考研英语复习：阅读中长难句三种句型 详解 做好考研英语阅读需要五方面能力：词义辨析能力、长难句分析能力、逻辑思维能力、篇章分析能力和题型分析能力。如果你能够具备词义辨析能力、长难句分析能力的话，对后面的复习将会大有帮助。在研究真题的过程中同学们应该经常背诵一些结构优美的句子，这对作文水平的提高会有很大帮助。 从近几年的考查趋势可以看出，考研英语越来越注重对考生英语基本能力的考查，而考研语法则是构成这种基本能力的一个基石。考研阅读理解文章的特点是各种复杂的长难句型遍布在文章的各个角落，如果没有扎实的句型知识基础，就会给做题带来很大的困难。所以，为了让你的阅读在日后有质的突破，为了能把做题的方法和技巧更好地应用到做题当中去，请你务必沉下心来，了解一下考研阅读中的长、难句真相。明白了这一真相，你才不会在日后的做题中一筹莫展，而是万分从容。 在此，通过全方位把握考研阅读的文章内容，我们英语教研室杨凤芝老师把考研阅读中的句型，从宏观的角度分为以下三类：短而难的句子、虚假的长难句、真正的长难句。接下来我们逐个分析。 ◎短而难的句子 首先我们看一下什么是短而难的句子。这些句子一般都是约定俗成的谚语，是广大人民群众智慧的结晶。既然是结晶，意思表达就会较抽象，难以快速把握，需要我们结合具体语境进行深层的把握。同学们看这一句: it never rains, but pours.这是2007年第四篇阅读理解的第一句话，相当于文章的题眼，其字面意思很简单：“从来不下雨，但是下倾盆大雨。”很明显，这不是一句“人类”能识别的汉语，倾盆大雨不是雨吗?那样翻译肯定不行。其实这句话是英语中很有名的谚语：“不雨则已，一雨倾盆”，“不鸣则已，一鸣惊人”。如果描述的是坏事，同学们可以借鉴第一种译法，类似于“祸不单行”的意思;如果是好事，同学们可以借鉴第二种，就是一鸣惊人。同样的表达在考研英语的阅读文章及题目中经常出现，如1998年第一篇文章最后一题四个选项都是谚语：[A] "It's no use crying over spilt milk"(覆水难收);[B] "More haste, less speed"(欲速则不达);[C] "Look before you leap"(三思而后行);[D] "He who laughs last laughs best"(笑到最后的人笑得最好)。2007年第一篇阅读理解最后一题的四个选项也都是谚语：[A]Faith will move mountains(精诚所至，金石为开);[B] One reap what he sows(种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆);[C]Practice make perfect(熟能生巧);[D]Like father, like son(有其父必有其子)。无一例外的，这两道题都是以文章的主旨题形式出现的，由此可见谚语在考研中的重要性。其实，这类表达考查的基本上就是同学们英语语言的积累，没有相应的积累，
考研英语长难句经典例子解析
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英语长难句理解
英语学习中，特别是阅读理解中，“长难句”最麻烦。今天小编和同学们分享通过分析英语句子中的重要特点“三长两短一并列”，江湖人称“括号法”，帮助同学们轻松解决长难句问题！ 01 什么是“三长两短一并列” 我们先来看两句话： ①我是李辉。(I am Li Hui.) ②我爱你。(I love you. ) 这两句话中只有"主干成分"而没有"修饰成分"。像这样的句子，中文和英文的"语序"(单词排列顺序)基本是一致的，都是"主-系-表"或者"主-谓-宾"，理解起来非常容易。 然而，加上修饰成分后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生变化。来看两个例子： ①我是中国的李辉。(I am Li Hui from China.) ②我全心全意地爱你。(I love you with all my heart.) 从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。 例如：
After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office. 这个句子中含有大量的"介词短语"这种修饰成分。我们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号，该句就会变成： (After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office). 此时大家便可发现，这个句子虽然很长，但是真正的主干其实只有I returned两个单词而已。可见，介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一！ 当然，以上几个句子还比较简单（少量介词短语对句意理解的影响不大），但是，当句子中出现更多类似介词短语的修饰成分时，可想而知，由于中英文语序的不同，英文句子会变得"面目全非"，令人难以理解。由此看来，英语中灵活多变的修饰成分正是造成英语句子又长又难的头号罪犯，只要搞定这些修饰部分，就能搞定英语长难句。 幸运的是，尽管这些修饰成分数量很多、位置也不好把握，但是，它们的种类却是非常固定的。小编将这些修饰成分总结为"三长两短"。所谓"三长"，就是构成长难句的三种较长修饰成分(即介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语)；所谓"两短"，指的是镶嵌于句子之中的、会稍稍提高句子复杂度的两种较短修饰成分(即形容词、副词)。而除了"三长两短"之外，另外一个使句子变得复杂的结构就是"平行并列结构"。"平行并列结构"是由一些并列关系的连词(and、or、as well as等)将句子变长的重要手段。
考研英语长难句分析之_特殊句式
第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作
新托福长难句精析-抓五大基本句型
托福长难句精析 Lecture 1 基本句型 1.The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and the most effective way, is not a new one. 2.Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. 3.The older painters，most of whom were born before 1835，practiced in a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy of Design． 解析：The older painters…practiced in a mode…and were securely established in and fostered by…为句子主干 译文：老一代画家大多数出生于1835年以前，他们以一种经常是自学的方式和以风景画题材为主的形式作画。这些老画家是由当时美国艺坛上占统治地位的国家设计学院培养出来的，而且他们也在那里确立了自己的地位。 4.In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others． 解析：(以and连接的并列句) 译文：在15或30秒的时间里，发言人无法建立形成正在讨论的问题的历史背景；不能详细阐述问题产生的可能原因；无法仔细审查几种建议以辩论哪一种更可取。 5.The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, and switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves. 解析：句子主干：the seesaw brought cycles of… and switched to … or to… 6. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句有五种基本句型结构： ★主语+谓语(S+V) 谓语是不及物动词，其后可加副词、介词短语等。例如： They sat together quietly. 他们静静地坐在一起。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。 ★主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 谓语是及物动词，宾语通常是名词、代词、动词不定式、V-ing形式等。例如： He doesn’t like the movie. 他不喜欢这部电影。 Do you know them, Li Ming? 李明，你认识他们吗？ ★主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, turn, get等，表语通常是形容词、名词、代词等。例如： Your new watch looks very nice. 你的新手表看起来很漂亮。 That sounds a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。 ★主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) 某些动词后的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，如：give, lend, pass, show, send等；某些动词后的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，如：buy, choose, cook, make, sing等。例如：Can you pass me the book? = Can you pass the book to me? 你能把书递给我吗？ She sang us an English song. = She sang an English song for us. 她为我们唱了一首英语歌。★主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 这类谓语动词主要有find, keep, feel, wish, think, name, call, ask, advise, teach, want, notice 等。宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态，通常是形容词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语等。例如： He found his new job very interesting. 他发现他的新工作很有趣。 Mr. Li asked us to write a report. 李老师让我们写一份报告。 即时操练 ( ) 2. Can you lend me your dictionary? ( ) 3. Mum is cooking in the kitchen. ( ) 4. Danny made all of us laugh.
长难句(答案)
（1）基本句型 1. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion. 未来主义,二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮.拒绝一切传统,试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活. 2. By the mid dl e of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwid e influence over art. 到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。 3. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。 4. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 他们常说，科学之所以能往前进步，既得力于少数天才和伟人的真知灼见，更要归功于技术的改良和工具的改进等等更为普通的事物。 5. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional d epth to her songs. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在她拥有能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力. 6. The individual now has more information availabl e than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
2019年托福阅读长难句100句：大量物种灭绝
2019年托福阅读长难句100句：大量物种灭绝 今天我们来看这样一个句子： The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth asmeteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact. (TPO15, 46) recur /r'k/ v. 再发生，复发 periodically adv.定期地，周期性发生地 hypothesis /ha'pɑθss/ n. 假说，假设 deflect /d'flkt/ v. (使某物)运动转向;使某人改变原来的计划 meteor /'mit/ n. 流星 devastation /dev'sten/ n. 毁坏，荒废 impact /m'pækt/ n. 撞击，冲击;影响 such sth as/that...：(像後面提及的)那样的, 这样的 我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解 The possibility (that mass extinctions may recur periodically) has given rise to such hypotheses as that (of a companion star)(with a long-period orbit) (deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits), (making some of them fall to Earth as meteors) and (causing widespread devastation upon impact). (TPO15, 46) 托福阅读长难句100句分析：
最新考研英语典型长难句及解析
1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields 是状语），possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。 译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。 2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison. 结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。 译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。 精品文档
长难句分析-托福
长难句分析-托福 1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space( (定语后置in s ome ways…) 由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人 类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。 分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures， 分句1是分句3的原因状语 分句3是整个长句子的主句 分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是: 原因状语+主句+后置定语 这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的