初中常考主谓一致讲解最全总结

初中英语·主谓一致··常考

一、主谓一致:指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：

My family are having lunch now.

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。

3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。

例如：There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

Not only the students but also their English teacher likes playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

二、常考题型。

*以下是谓语动词用单数的情况：

1. 单数形式。

例如：一些水在瓶子里。

2. many a+“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。

例如：许多学生到过上海。

3. more than one+单数。

例如：不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

4.

谓语用单数形式。

例如：两个月是一个长假。

2 0英镑并不太重。

1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。

5减4等于1。

5. 主语是each/every+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。

每个男人和女人都在工作。

6. one and a half+

例如：One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。

7.

例如：眼见为实。

做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

8. a/an+单数名词+or two

例如：一两个学生考试不及格。

9. 当主语部分含有with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词

例如：迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。

迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。

10.不定代词（也叫复合不定代词）somebody,someone,something,anybody,

anyone，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

？今天大家到齐了吗？

他有毛病。

没有人在家。

每个人都知道他。

11. 当（或跟of）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：两个答案都不正确。

他们每人都有一本英语词典。

12. 以—s news,maths,physics等。

例如：没有消息就是好消息。

在我们班数学很受欢迎。

13. the+

例如：The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。

The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。

*以下是谓语动词用单数和复数的情况：

14. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词

例如：那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

15. people,police family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。

例如：这儿的人很友好。（people指这儿的很多人）

我们一家人都喜欢看电视。（family all指一家人都）

他家的人不多。（family指他的家庭这一个整体）

16. a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如：我们学校的学生数超过800人。

许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。

*以下是谓语动词用单数和复数跟表示数量的词一致：

17. 当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词与kind,pair,glass等

的单复数一致。

这双鞋是汤姆的。

桌上有两杯水。

*以下是谓语动词用复数或就近原则：

复数形式；

19. 以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。

桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。

这是给你的书和纸。

* * * * 注意：表示两者的both, either与neither * * * * *

1.both, either和neither都用来谈论两者：both 意为“（两者）都”，either意为“（两者中）任意一个”，neither 意为“（两者）都不”。若要指三者或三者以上，分别用all 意为“（三者）都”，any 意为“（三者中）任何一个”，none 意为“（三者）都不”等。

比较：

He has two sons, both of whom are clever. 他有两个儿子，都很聪明。

He has three sons, all of whom are clever. 他有三个儿子，都很聪明。

He has two sons, either of whom is clever. 他有两个儿子，哪个都很聪明。

He has three sons, any of whom is clever. 他有三个儿子，哪个都很聪明。

He has two sons, neither of whom is clever. 他有两个儿子，两个都不聪明。

He has three sons, none of whom are clever. 他有三个儿子，个个都不聪明。

1.它们既可用作代词，也可用作形容词。用作形容词时，both 后接复数名词，而 either 和 neither 之后要接单数可数名词。

如：

Both of the brothers are here. / Both brothers are here. 兄弟俩都在这儿。

Either of the books will do. / Either book will do. 两本书中哪一本都行。

Neither of the stories is interesting. /Neither story is interesting. 两个故事都没有趣。

代词both, either, neither 用作主语时，both 之后的谓语动词总是复数，either 和 neither 后的谓语动词通常用单数。

3.这3个词都可用作连词，但搭配和意义各不相同。总的说来，要注意它们应连接两个平行对等的句子成分（即同为两个主语、谓语、宾语、状语等）：

(1)both…and…表示两者兼有。

如：

She was both tired and hungry. 她又累又饿。

He speaks both English and French. 他既说英语又说法语。

(2)either…or…表示两者或两种可能性中任择其一。

如：

I will go on business either this week or next week. 我将在这星期或下星期出差。

You can either come by bus or take a taxi. 你可以坐公共汽车来，也可以乘出租车来。

(3)neither…nor…表示两者都否定。

如：

Neither Simon nor Sally can swim. 西蒙和萨利都不会游泳。

He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对发生的事情不闻不问。

以上连词连接主语时，both…and…一般只与复数谓语连用，either…or…和neither…nor…则通常根据就近原则，要求谓语动词与最邻近主语的人称、数保持一致。如：

Neither he nor she was at home. 他和她都不在家。

Either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。

4.注意下面两个同义句：

（1）两边都有商店。正：There are shops on both sides.正：There are shops on either side.

（2）两个我都不要。正：I want neither of them. 正：I don’t want either of them.

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2023年初中英语语法学习之主谓一致高频考点

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3. there be句式中的be动词形式根据be后的第一个名词的数而确定用单数还是用复数形式。如: There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 There are two pandas and a tiger in this zoo.这个动物园有两只熊猫，一只老虎。 4.如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式。如: The singer and actor, Hu Ge, is very handsome.歌星兼演员的胡歌好帅。 The science and technology plays an important part in China.科学技术在中国扮演着重要的角色。 5.如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语名词之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候，谓语要用单数形式。如: Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.班里的每一个学生都很努力。 Each minute and second is valuable to us.对于我们来说每分每秒都很珍贵。 6.主语是单数名词，后面跟有with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, but, except, no less than, rather than,

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主谓一致 使用主谓一致时，必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、当单数可数名词、不可数名词、复合不定代词、单个不定式（疑问词＋不定式）、动名词或主语从句以及表示“时间、价值、重量、距离、书名、影片名称”等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter. Visiting a place like this is always very interesting. Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.二、all（some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等）＋of＋名词作主语以及分数、百分数构成短语作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词。表示复数概念用复数；表示单数概念用单数。例如： As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. One study says that 90% of our time is spent watching television or using computers. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. 三、在“名词/代词＋介宾结构＋谓语＋…”结构中，谓语动词与名词/代词保持一致，介宾结构看作插入成分。该结构中的常见介词及介词短语有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including等。例如： Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit. Nobody but Tom and his father has ever been there. 四、a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而the number of / the group of / the variety of / the total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, work in the clothing industry. 五、quality / pair / amount等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词根据quality / pair / amount的单复数确定。例如： With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land. 六、and连接并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；表示不同概念时谓语动词用复数形式；此外，and连接并列名词时，如果名词前有no / each / every / many a等修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： —Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area was invited. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where hasn’t been decided yet. 七、当表示复数概念的名词或短语作主语以及表示总称意义“形单意复”的名词（如cattle/ police / people等）和常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词（clothes / goods / shoes等）作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。例如： Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets. 八、one of＋名词＋关系代词＋谓语时，谓语动词用复数；the (only) one of ＋名词＋关系代

初中英语语法中考主谓一致

上海中考英语语法考点：主谓一致 一，概念及基本规则：英语语法的主谓一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。 1，就近原则:not onl y…but also；not…but；neither…no r; either…or; there be； whether…or；or句型中，谓语动词与相邻的主语保持一致。例:whether he or I am mad。不是他就是我疯了。 2，就前原则：as well as; together with；rather than; along with；with; without; but；except; like; besides; including，in addition to等连接主语 时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。 二、谓语动词通常用单数的情形： 1.当主语是一个从句，不定式或动名词时,谓语一般用单数.但由and 连接两个 不定式或动名词时，动词则用复数。两个主语视为一体时，动词用单数.主语从句所指物是单数或复数时，谓语用相应单复数。 whether he succeeds or fails doesn’t concern me 。 To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use。 When and where to build the center hasn't been decided. What I want is an interesting book while what he expects are two cups of coffee. 2.不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词,即使以and连接成多主语，谓语动词 仍用单数。如：every doctor and every nurse goes there。 each, neither, either，everyone，anything, nobody等作主语时，谓语动词用单数.但each 做同位语，谓语用复数,如They each are。none of them可单可复。every不能做主语,everyone, no one不能与of 联用，every one of , none of ; everyday是形容词，只能做定语，everyday routine, every day短语作状语，放句子首尾. 3.书刊名、学科名、国名，组织名称，时间、距离、价格、度量衡、疾病、游 戏等的以s结尾的名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数.The United States is… 复形单义：以s结尾如mathematics, politics，physics，news, times，wages，circumstances等，谓语动词用单数. 4，more than one;many a加单数名词，谓语用单数。more than one member is，many a student is，但More members than one are against your plan。 One and a half bananas is (are) left on the table。但An apple and a half are。 时间段，用is，强调年数，用are。加减乘除，用单数。但加乘也可用复数。三、谓语动词通常用复数: 1，当and 与both…and …连接两个主语时，一般用复数谓语。但如and并列的主语指同一人时，后面主语没有冠词，谓语用单数。若后一个名词前有冠词，则表示两个人，用复数。如：The singer and dancer一人。 The red and the white coats are mine。The black and white coat is mine. the +形容词/分词做主语表一类人时,谓语常用复数。The elderly, the injured 2, 以s结尾的表山脉、群岛、海峡、瀑布等地理名称时，用复数.如，the Alps,the Himalayas，the Niagara Falls, the Philipine Islands。 area表示地区、领域为可数，an area, areas谓语相应变化. 3,谓语从量词:amounts of 加不可数名词,谓语用复数；quantities of ，masses of, supplies of加可数/不可数，谓语都用复数。Quantities of food (nuts）were on the