选修8 unit1知识点汇总

1.elect选择；决定做某事；选举某人

elect to do sth=choose/decide to do sth选择/决定做某事

elect sb to be/as选举某人成为/担任--职务

She elected to become a lawyer.她决定当医生。

We elected James to be chairman.我们选出詹姆斯当主席。

2.occur vi.发生，出现，被想到

sth occur to sb(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中，被想起

It occurs to sb. t hat…突然想起…

When did the accident occur ? 那事故是什么时候发生的？

The words of the song occurred to me suddenly .我突然想起了那歌的歌词。

翻译：我突然想到我把女朋友留在半路。

It occurs to me that I left my girlfriend halfway .

翻译：It occurs to me that he owes me 5 yuan .我突然想到他欠我5元钱。

“某人突然想起”的多种表达

sth. occurs to sb.

sth. strikes sb.

sth. comes to sb.

It occurs to sb. that 从句

It strikes sb. that 从句

It crosses one’s mind that 从句

3.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indicate sth (to sb)

翻译：a sign indicating the right road to follow指示应走道路的标识

（1）With a nod of his head,he indicated to me where I should sit. （他向我示意）

（2）A res sky at night indicates fine weather the following day .（暗示明天天气好）

5.grasp vt.抓住，抓紧；理解，领会

(1)I grasped him by the arm .我抓住他胳膊。

(2)They failed to grasp the importance of his word . 他们没有理解他的话的重要性。

n. 抓住,理解have a good/complete/profound grasp of 对--好/充分/深刻的理解

He has a good grasp of English grammar .他英语语法掌握的很好。

Within/beyond one’s grasp (1)为人能/不能抓到的（2）为人能/不能理解的

6.live on (1)继续存在（2）靠-------生活,以----为主食。live with 忍受，忍耐

live up to （one's ideal/promise/expection）符合.不辜负live through 经历过，经过--之后还活着用live 的相关短语填空

(1)He died ten years ,but his memory lives on .

(2)He had to live on 40 pounds.

(3)We live on rice. (5)He lived through g both world wars.

(6)Y ou will have to live with his hot temper, I am afraid.

(4)I find it difficult for me to live up to my mothers ideal.

7.by means of 用----方法,借助于---- by all means当然可以，没有问题

by this means 用这种方法，by no means决不

(1)Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music.

(2)"Can I borrow your car?” "By all means "

(3)By no means should you tell him about it.你绝不能把这件事告诉他。

means 手段，方法。的单复数同形，means作主语是应根据具体的情况来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Every possible means ________ been tried，and we find only ________ this means can we do it well.

A. have，in

B. have，by

C. has，in

D. has，by

8.make a life习惯于新的生活方式，工作等；创造生活make a living（勉强）谋生

Live /lead a simple/happy life 过着简朴/幸福的生活

most people are so busy to make a living that they forget to make a life .

4.Keep up (1)vi.（rain,snow,good weather）维持,坚持,不落后;vt.沿袭（old customs/traditions）古老的风俗/传统等

As senior 3 students, it is important to keep up a good state of mind .（保持好的思想状态。）

Any pupil who cannot keep up has to repeat the year.（跟上）

3.back to back 背靠背face to face 面对面mouth to mouth嘴对嘴shoulder to shoulder 并肩

heart to heart 交心head to head 交头接耳arm in arm手挽手hand in hand 手牵手

(1) Our seats on the train were back to back. （背靠背的）

4.T eam up with 与---合作或一起工作

（1）We have to learn to team up with others if we want to get along with others.

（2）It's a pleasure to team up with such excellent workers.和这样出色的工人一起干活真愉快。

(3)He didn't want to team up with anybody.他不想与任何人合作。

(4)the two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.

那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。

7.mark out 画线，标出---界线，（a tennis court, car-park, etc网球场，停车场）制定

（1）In doing my reading, I often mark out what I regard as important in a book

（2）The directions of rural development have been marked out。农村发展的规划已制定出来了。

8.take in

1)包括，吸收

The tour takes in some famous castles .我们的旅行包括些有名的城堡。

This kind of cloth takes in water easily .这种布料吸水很好。

(2)欺骗Don’t be taken in by his tricks.不要被他的花招蒙骗。

(3)领会，理解

Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words .

翻译句子之前，首先要理解单词的含义

take off (飞机)起飞，脱下，(事业)兴旺take for 把…误作

take on 呈现，雇佣take up 占据，从事，开始对…感兴趣

take over 接管take away 拿走，消除（疾病等）

(1) The business of the company was growing so fast that the manager had to ___ more clerks.

A. take in

B. take on

C. turn down

D. give out

(2)(07辽宁) Don’t be ___ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.

A. taken off

B. taken out

C. taken away

D. taken in

9.a great/ good many 许多，很多

拓展

（1）many,a great/ good many,a few,

a (good/ large) number of,scores of + 复数名词,谓语用复数

the majority of

(2) much, a little

a good/ great deal of,a large amount of + 不可数名词

（3）a lot of

lots of 复数名词+复数谓语

a quantity of +

plenty of 不可数名词+单数谓语

（4）Large amounts of +不可数名词+复数谓语

Quantities of+复数名词/不可数名词+复数谓语

A mass of +复数名词/不可数名词+单数谓语

masses of +复数名词/不可数名词+复数谓语

Many a/ more than one +单数名词+单数谓语

活学活用-----用have 的正确形式填空

（1）A large number of students have a great amount of homework that has to be done at home, so large quantities of housework have been left undone.

（2）We have ___English books but we don’t have time to read.

A. a great many

B. a good deal

C. a great deal of

D. a great many of

（3）______ food are needed. Which of the following is wrong?

A. Quantities of

B. Masses of

C. Large amounts of

D. Lots of

10.apply for (a job /post /passport /visa /scholarship )申请工作/职位/护照/签证/奖学金

拓展：apply sth to

1.涂,敷;将...铺在表面[(+to)]

The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.护士把药膏敷到伤口上。

2.应用;实施[(+to)]

We should apply both theories to the language classroom.我们应把两种理论都运用到语言教室中去。

3.使起作用;用上--，适合[(+to)]

Y ou can't apply the rule to every case.这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。

What you said doesn't apply to me .你所说的并不适合我。

4.(后常接oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事[(+to)]

He applied himself to learning French.他致力于学习法语。

11.句子

1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.

(1)the third largest state 是序数词修饰最高级，意为“第三大”

形容词或副词的最高级前可加序数词，表示第几长/大/快----如:

The Y ellow River is the second longest river （第二长的河）in China.

He ran the third fastest （第三快）in the race.

(2)当最高级前有物主代词，或名词所有格时，最高级前不加定冠词the

如：Friday is my busiest day.

Do you know what is____river?

a.Africa's second longest

b. The Africa second longest

C.the second Africa's longest d.Africa's the second longest

2.It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA,having attracted people from all over the world.(做结果状语)

(1)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,killing all four people on board . 机上四人受害(kill)

(2)European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it one of the most popular games in the world. (NMET1998全国卷)(使它是世界最受欢迎的比赛之一)(make)

(3) The child fell, striking his head against the door .(头撞在门上)（strike）

3.Exactly when the first people arrived in

what we know as California, (宾语从句)no one really knows.

=the place that we know as California，（定语从句)-----------------------

(1)Pay attention to what the teacher said .注意老师所说的。(what)

(2)He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day 他对那天发生的事感到很不快(displeased, what)

(3)Y our success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it .(你做什么和怎样做) Eg: Geroge washington was born in____is now the state of V irgina.

A.where

B.which

C.what

D.that (此四项供下两题用)

(1)Pudong development zone is no longer rural area__that _it used to be.

(2)Pudong development zone is no longer what it used to be

4.however it is likely that Native Americans were in California at least fifteen thousands years ago.

(1)本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语从句是that 引导的主语从句。

(2)likely 很有可能常见搭配有：

It's likely that--------=it's possible/probable that-------- 可能------

It's likely for sb to do sth 某人可能做某事

Sb/sth be likely to do sth 某人/某物可能---------

Eg: studies show that people are more___to suffer back problems if they always sit before computers screens for long hours.

A.likely

B.possible

C.probable

D.sure

5.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men,whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religious to the natives.

to go to California-(不定式做后置定语)

不定式做后置定语常见用法有：

（1）不定式表将来的动作

（2）修饰序数词，the last,最高级，the only等，或被这些词限定的名词。

（3）修饰抽象名词ability,chance,idea,opportunity,way reason,time，wish,decision等

（4）不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系;不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系.

Eg.(1)The train to arrive (将要来的火车)was from London．

(2)She was the first boy to be caught cheating (被抓住作弊)in the exam

(3)The way he thought of to solve the problem (解决这个问题) is effective.

(4)She has a lot of work to do (有很多工作要做) in the morning．

(5)I need a pen to write with ．我需要一支笔写字

6.Although Chinese immigrant began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger number to California in the 1860s.

强调句型的结构：

基本结构：it is/was +强调成分+that/who+其他

特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+is/was it +that +其他

not until强调句型：it +is/was+not until-----+that +其他

Eg:(1)It was last night that （就是昨天晚上）I saw a girl with long hair in white.(it)

(2)How was it that (是怎样)the pig knocked into the wall.(it)

(3)It was not until we had stayed for weeks （就是我们才呆了几个星期）that I found that she turned out to be a thief.（it）

7. It is believed that--------

It is said that-------------

It is supposed that-------

It is hoped that-----------

It is reported that---------

It is suggested that-------

It is believed that the thief or thieves entered the house through the front door.

It is said by the Bible that Adam is the very first human being in the world.

It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.

8.When he reached the North Pole,he found nothing exciting except for a sign marking the spot,---

Y our writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.

易混淆词辨析例句

except/but 表示“除了--之外”除去的部分不包括在内，两者能互换，但在no, all, nothing, no one 等后面

多用but另except,还可跟介词,也可跟从句(1)No one knows our teacher's address but Jim.

(2)Mr Green usually goes to work by bus when it rains.

besides "除--之外还有--"除去的部分包括在内Besides hot dogs,he likes pork.

except for "除了--之外"表示整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类的事物，for表示细节的修正The room is empty except for a broken chair.

No one knew Mr Beson's address ____his daughter.

A. except

B. excepts

C. only

D. besides

2. Do you know any other foreign language ______ English?

A. except

B. but

C. beside

D. besides

3. I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is from Beijing.

A. except

B. except for

C. except that

D. besides

4.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.

A. admit

B. admitted

C. admitting

D. to admit

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Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）

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一、词汇拓展 1．适应，改编v.____________；适应，改编本n.____________；能适应的adj.___ __________ 2．误会n. &v.________；(过去式)________；(过去分词)________；错误的adj.________ 3．恐怖，恐惧n.__________；可怕的，恐怖的adj.__________；可怕地adv.__________ 4．犹豫，踌躇v._________________；犹豫，迟疑n.________________ 5 编排，分类v．_____________；编排，分类n．_____________ 6．使作呕，反感，厌恶v.________；使人反感的adj.________；感到反感的adj.________ 7. ___________ n. 舒适; 安慰vt. 安慰_____________ adj. 不舒服的; 不安的 8. _______n. 羊毛; 毛线; 毛织品_______ adj. 毛纺的; 纯毛的 9. ________ adj. 经典的n. 经典著作_______ adj. 古典的, 典雅的, 经典的 二、短语(从Reading 1 和 Reading 2 中找出以下短语) 1. (某人)冒充…____________________ 2. 结识,与…相见___________________ 3. 惊愕地_________________________ 4. 一般来说________________________ 5. 就…来说,从…角度 ______________ 6. 带…进来________________________ 7. 几天前 _________________________ 8. 带走,拿走_____________________ 9. 需要 _____________________ 10.透露身份,显露(本来面目)____________ 11. 伪装, 乔装 _________________ 12. 毫不犹豫 ____________________ 13. 把..误认为 _________________ 14. 要是…怎么办 ________________ 15. 优于… _____________________ 16. 打赌 ________________________ 17. 注定… _____________________ 18. 使…相信… ___________________ 19.采取有效措施 _____________________ 20. 根据…把..分类 ________________ 21. (声音、画面)逐渐模糊_____________ 22.用…的声音___________________ 23.自以为是 _______________________ 24. 移交 ______________________ 三、语言点 1. adaptation n. 改编本；适应性 adaptation to 对……的适应 adapt vt.使适应(合)；修改,改编 vi. (to)适应 adapt oneself to 使适应；使适合 1)这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。 ___________________________________________________________. 2)动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。 ___________________________________________________________. 3)He tried hard to______________________(使自己适应) the new conditions. 4)He made a quick ____________________(适应) the new environment. 5)When they moved to Canada, the children _____________(适应) the change very well. 2. hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇 (1)hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事，不愿做某事 hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.(做)某事犹豫不决 hesitate about＋疑问词＋to do sth.做某事犹豫不决 (2)hesitation n．踌躇，犹豫 without hesitation毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事

必修二unit1知识点总结

必修2 Unit 1 Cultural relics 1. in search of…寻找… Search sb 搜身search for 寻找 search sb. / a place for sth. 搜身/搜查某个地方找某事物 2. could not/never have done 不可能做过某事 3. be used to do sth. 被用来做…The wood will be used to make tables and chairs. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做…He is used to living with the farmers now. used to do sth. 过去常常做…She used to come a lot, but now we seldom see her. 4. make it 达到目的，取得成功 5. in the fancy style 以一种奇特的风格 in style 流行out of style 过时 6. decorate. v. 装饰decoration. n. 装饰decorate sth. with sth. be decorated with sth. 7. survive: v. 生存，存活，经历（事故、灾难后）还活着，幸存，比…长寿 survival: n. 生存，幸存survivor: n. 幸存者 8. by design = on purpose 故意地by chance = by accident 偶然地 9. belong to 属于，是…其中的一员或一部分（无被动，无进行时） In our country, land doesn’t belong to any individual. Belonging to the developing countries, China faces many difficulties. 10. in return 作为报答in return for…作为对…的报答 11. Serve v. 服务service n. 服务serve as 担任，充当 He serves as a waiter here. The box can serve as a table. 12. reception desk 接待处give a warm reception to…热情地接待… 13. have/get sth. done 使…被做 I must have/get my homework finished before going out to play. 14. light: v. 点燃，照亮light up 点（烟），照亮，（使）变亮，（脸等）放光彩 Her eyes lit up with joy. light的过去式和过去分词有两种：lit和lighted，作为动词时二者可通用，但作定语时，只能用lighted. He lit/lighted a candle and handed the lighted candle to me. 15. consider doing sth. 考虑做…. be considered to be…被认为… 16. wonder: v. 想知道，感到惊奇，疑惑n. 奇迹，奇人/事 (It’s) no wonder (that)…难怪…He hasn’t slept at all for three days. No wonder (that) he is worn out. 17. at war 处于战争状态 18. remove：v. ①搬开，拿开，移动②去掉，消除③脱掉④搬家，迁移 His name was removed from the list. 19. furniture: n. 家具（不可数） a piece of furniture = an article of furniture They didn’t buy much furniture before they got married. 20. doubt: v. n. 怀疑，疑惑

牛津英语7BUnit1知识点整理

Unit 1 Grammar 1)day dream 白日梦 dream of/about ... 做（...）的梦 E:I dreamed of /about having many delicious food last night. 我梦想着昨晚吃了很多美食。 2)Summer Palace 颐和园 Palace Museum 故宫博物馆 Mount Fuji 富士山 the Statue of Liberty 自由女神像 the Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔 Phra Pathom Chedi 佛统佛塔 Big Ben 大本钟 Saint Sbasil’s Cathedral 圣巴所大教堂 3)next to 紧挨着 E:The restaurant is next to the restroom. 饭店紧挨着卫生间。 next door 隔壁 (后置定语) E：There is a big shopping mall next door. 隔壁是一个大的购物商场。 4)the capital of ... ...的首都（省会） E：Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu. 南京是江苏的省会。 5)look out at sth. 向外看到...

E:We can look out at the beach and the sea from the window. 我们可以从窗户看到大海和海滩 look out of sth. 从...向外看 E:We can look out of the window. 我们可以向窗外看。 6)on the beach 在沙滩上 lie on the beach 躺在沙滩 上 E：It is comfortable to lie on the beach. 躺在沙滩上很舒服。 7)wooden adj.木质的 E：It is a wooden house. 这是一个木屋。 wood un.木头 E: It is made of the wood. 这是木制的。 woods n. 小树林 8)get into sth. 进入... E：I climb a ladder to get into my house. 我爬楼梯进入我的房子。 get on ... 上车 E：Look!They are getting on the bus.