主谓一致和特殊句式考纲研读

主谓一致和特殊句式考纲研读

主谓一致

主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语应该在人称和数上保持一致。

1.动名词作主语、不定式、句子作主语和书名作主语，谓语用单

数：

Growing vegetables needs constant watering.

That we have made great progress is an exciting fact.

To see is to believe.

Arabian Nights is a good book.

2.and连接两个名词时，如果只有第一个名词有冠词，指的是一

个人或一件事，谓语用单数；如果两个名词都有冠词，指的是两个人或两件事，谓语用复数。如：

The iron and steel works plays an important part.

(钢铁厂, 指的是一家工厂)

The iron and the steel works play an important part.

(铁厂和钢厂，指的是两家工厂)

A (The) singer and dancer is coming to visit our school.

(指一个人)

A (The) singer and a (the) dancer are coming.(指两个人)

3.由with, but, as well as等介词引导的名词与谓语无关。如：

An expert, together with some students, was sent to help in this

work.

Nobody but Xiao Li and Xiao Wang was there.

He as well as we knows the secret.

4.which,what引导疑问句时，句子谓语要由后面表语的单复数来

决定。如;

Which is your room?

Which are your rooms?

What he said is correct.

What he left me are a few old books.

5.none作主语,谓语用单数、复数都行：

None of us has got a camera.

None of the books are easy enough for us.

6.either,neither作主语,谓语用单数：

Has either of them told you?

Neither of us has gone through regular training.

7.many a, more than one作主语,谓语用单数：

Many a person has had that kind of experience.

More than one person has something to do with the matter.

8.people,police,cattle作主语,谓语用复数：

The police are looking for him.

9.public,family,class,audience(观众),crew，army等作主语，谓语

由意思来确定：

The public includes you and me.

The public are tired of the strike.

The family is large.

The family are watching TV now.

10.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,fish,deer,means等单数、复数同形,作主

语时，谓语看实际情况：

This means was discussed at the meeting.

These means are to be discussed at the meeting.

11.时间、重量、长度、价值的复数当一个整体来看，作主语时，

谓语用单数：

Ten years was a long time.

但是：Two fives are ten.

There are two hours left.

12.either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等作主语时，谓语就

近原则：

Either you or he is to do the work.

Are either you or he to do the work?

13.there,here引导句子，主语不止一个时，谓语与邻近的一致：

Here is a pen, and a few envelopes for you.

There is a desk, two chairs and a bed in the room.

14.population,majority,number,variety等作主语时，谓语的单、

复数看意思来定：

The population of China is larger than that of the USA.

30 percent of the population are children (live in the

countryside).

15.supply,quantity,ton等词做主语时，谓语由这些词的单、复数

来定：

Ten tons of rice are sent to the flooded area.

16. every...and every...;each...and each...作主语时，谓语用单数：

Every boy and every girl likes the film star.

句型句式

1.反意疑问句，尤其是祈使句

You feed the bird today, will you?

2.it is/was...that...强调句型

It was here that I first met him.

It is I that am fortunate.

3.固定俗语、谚语

No pains, no gains.

不劳而无获。

4.祈使句+and (or)句子(谓语用will do) and连接两个句子,后者表示结果，“只要……就会;那么”；or连接两个句子,后者表示结果,“or else(要)不然；否则”；

Go at once and you will see her.

Put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold.

He must pay the debt or else go to prison.

Go quick, or else you’ll miss the bus.

5. so/neither...(代替表语或谓语,使用倒装语序)同样地；也，亦

She likes dogs; so does he.

Mary can speak Chinese, so can her brother.

“I can’t swim!” “Neither can I!”

6. so...(代替上文提过的形容词、名词、动词等)那样的；不错；

真的

You say he is diligent; so he is.

It rained last night. So it did.

7.(It’s)no wonder难怪；并不奇怪；当然

No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.

8.there’s(no)need有(没)必要

Is there any need for you to go there?

There is no need for (of) hurrying.

9.would rather do...than do和……相比宁愿……

I’d rather play tennis than swim.

第十讲特殊句式(倒装,省略,主谓一致等

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语法复习--特殊句式(主谓一致)

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