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冠词

冠词的用法

知识清单一：冠词用法概述

冠词离开名词没有任何意义，因此在学习冠词前，首先要了解名词的分类。

个体名词：人或物所公用的名称，如dog, chair

可数名词

集体名词：集体的名称：如class，family

物质名词：物质的名称，如paper，water

不可数名词抽象名词：抽象事物的名称，如happiness

专有名词：人或物的特有名称，如Tom, China

一、冠词的泛指、类指、特指、专指

泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物。特指是指上文已经提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物，也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。专指是指类别中的一员或一部分具体事物。冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指的用法归纳如下:

泛指单一任一每一事物

a(n)

类指

单数名词上文提到的人或事物

特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物

说话双方所默认的事物

the世界上独一无二的事物

专指

类指

上文提到的人或事物

特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物

the 说话双方所默认的事物专指不可数名词泛指人或事物零冠词类指二、

普通名词前使用冠词的类指用法

1. 在“the+单数名词”“a/an+单数名词”“零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词”中，所有的冠词

都可表类指，但也有细微的区别： the+单数名词指整个类别

a/an+单数名词侧重类别中的任意一个的特点零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词侧重类别中的许多个 2．The 加形容词或分词有时也可以表类指： the wounded 伤员 the dying 垂死的人 the unknown 未知的事物 the deaf 聋子

the young 青年人 the old 老人 the living 生者 the dead 死者

3.词汇前的冠词类指用法是在复数民族词汇前加the ，如 The Chinese 中国人的 The English 英国人的

知识清单二：冠词的基本用法

一、

不定冠词的用法

1. 不定冠词有a ，an 两种形式，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音因素是用a ，元音因素

用an 。

2. 表示one(一个)、the same （同一个）、 a certain （某一个）或every （每一个）的意思。

3. 有些不可数名词，如knowledge ，collection ，understanding 等是由其动词转化而来的，

他们的后面加…of 时，前面需用不定冠词a/an 。 4. 与不定冠词连用的习语

have a cold

have a good/happy time have a gift for

have a word with

in a hurry

once in a while

at a loss for a while

once upon a time

all of a sudden

with a score of

with a distance

have a population of

a waste of

a matter of

have/take a rest

have a holiday

get a life/ride

go on a diet

5.不定冠词的特殊位置

quite/rather+a/an(+adj.)+单数名词

what/such/half +a/an +单数名词

so/as/too/how/however +adj. +a/an +单数名词

many a/an +单数名词

not a/an +单数名词

二、定冠词的用法

1.定冠词的用法

●用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人

●用于年代、朝代名词及逢十的数次（表某个年代）前

●用在表度量的单位名词前，表示“每一”

●用于“动词+ sb. +介词+ the + 身体的某一部位”结构中

2.使用定冠词的固定搭配

make the most/best of

in the daytime

in the end

in the habit

not in the least(=not at all) in the distance

in the way

on the whole on the right/left

on (the) one hand, on the

other hand

at the same time

at the moment

go to the cinema/theatre

go to the doctor’s

the other day(=a few days

ago)

for the time being

on the radio/phone

on the spot

to tell (you) the truth

by the way

to the public

3.定冠词的特殊位置

在名词词组中，定冠词一般放在最前面，但名词词组中如果有exactly，just，half，double，

twice，all，both，of等修饰时，定冠词要放在这些词的后面，如：

exactly the same color完全相同的颜色just the right place就是这个地方half the story故事的一半double the amount双倍的量

三、零冠词的用法

1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。

2.请牢记以下使用零冠词的口诀：

月、季、星期、节假、洲，呼语、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。但这种用法是相对而言的。在不同的语句中，可能会用到不定冠词或定冠词。如：

Autumn is the harvest season. 秋天是收获的季节。

The organization was founded in the spring of (the year) 2010. 这个组织是2010年春天成立的。

3.系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词做表语，用零冠词。

4.“零冠词+单数名词+as/though +主语+谓语，主句”，意为“虽然/尽管……，但是……”

5.在独立主格的某一形式中。如：

The teacher came in, book in hand.

= The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.

6.用在某些固定短语中。

pen and ink

master and servant

noon/dawn/daybreak/dusk/ night/midnight

on second thoughts

come to light

come to power(=take office) give birth to

in case of

come/rank first in use/danger/public

ahead of time

in debt

under repair

day and night

husband and wife

father and son

sun and moon

side by side

shoulder by shoulder

from morning till night

hand in hand

by weight

by mistake

in place of

by law

on board

at war

every few days

catch fire

face to face

for certain

out of work/order/control/date/patience/mind/money/question/reach/breath/danger 知识清单三：冠词的活用

一、抽象名词具体化，被具体化的名词可能会与a/an连用

a heavy rain一场大雨a surprise一件意外的事a pleasure一件乐事a success/failure一个成功/失败的人a concern一件令人关切的事

二、表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，前面一般加定冠词，但如果此类名词有修

饰成分，也可加a/an，如：

the moon 月球 a full moon 一轮满月

三、牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词，他们是：weather，fun，space（太空），advice，

word（=news），progress，information，news，以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。

四、西洋乐器前往往用定冠词，但是当此类名词用作普通名词时，可与不定冠词连

用。此外，中国乐器前不用冠词。

五、专有名词前管词的用法比较复杂，但一般情况下，不含普通名词的纯专有名词

前不用冠词，如Beijing，New York等，但是：

1.在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河前用the

2.在由普通名词转化承德专有名词前用the

3.有一些地名，如果事宜纯专有名词开头的，一般不用冠词，但如果是以普通名词开头的，

一般用定冠词。

六、易混淆结构：

the +比较级两者之中较……的

a +比较级一个更……的

a most= a very 无比较范围，无比较含义

the most +原级有比较范围，表最高级

the+ 序数词表示排序

a/an +序数词不表排序，意为又一，再一

七、有无冠词的区别

go to school去上学

go to the school到学校去（不一定是去上学）

go to/be at a church去做礼拜/在做礼拜

go to/be at the church去/在教堂（不一定是做礼拜）

go to bed上床睡觉

go to the bed走到床前（不一定是去睡觉）

go to sea 出海（是海员）go to the sea出海（不一定是海员）

be in hospital在住院

be in the hospital在医院里（不一定是病人）be in prison在坐牢

be in the prison在监狱（不一定是犯人）

in front of在……（外部）的前面

in the front of在……（内部）的前面

sit at table坐在桌旁吃饭

sit at the table坐在桌旁（不一定在吃饭）

by day在白天

by the day按天计算

take place发生

take the place代替

in possession of sth.拥有某物

in the possession of sth为某人所拥有

in sight of 能看见

in the sight of据……的了解

in place of代替

in the place of在……地方

in future今后

in the future将来

take advice征求意见

take the advice听从劝告

He is still in office. 他仍在执政。

He is still in the office. 他仍在办公室里。She is in class. 她在上课。

She is in the class. 她在那个班里。

冠词难点汇总

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e.g. Beijing is the capital of China. It has many attractions such as the Eiffel Tower. 在专有名词(国名/组织机构名/建筑物名)前the Great Wall the Yellow River the Summer Palace the UK the WTO the History Museum the Alps the People’s Republic of China 4. 用于某些名词或者形容词前，表示一类人，一个民族。 e.g. the Chinese 中国人the rich 富人the old 老人the young 年轻人the dead 死者the blind 聋人 the poor 穷人零冠词(就是不需要加任何冠词) 1.交通工具名词前不用冠词 e.g. by car坐汽车by ship 坐船 by plane坐飞机on foot 步行 2. 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。 e.g. have breakfast/ lunch/ supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

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