雅思小作文地图题讲解
个地 图题 的开头
The map about the development of the village sufficiently illustrates
the way of progress of this area. In this map, we can find four main sectors and two main roads intersected with one railway and one motor way. It seems the overall development of this village has strong connection with t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f
r o a d s .
雅思小作文地图题词汇
Part 1 ：表时间
流程图和地图题中都可能涉及时间表达。 流程题中， 使用较多的是过程时长的表述， 而地图 题的时间使用则体现为地理变迁的时间变化。 一般在方位选址图题中较少出现。 确切的时间 指引，既增加文章的自然和连贯度，也能体现行文的精确性。
常见表示时间的词： in few hours 几小时
duri ng the period of 在…期间
after 10 days 10 天后
from … to 从 …到 …
between … and 在…之间
over the … year period 在一个 …年期间
5 years before 5 年前
over the subsequent …yea 近连续几年
例句： The process lasts for up to 7 day to customers.
a decade earlier 几十年前 from that moment on 从那时起
after a while 一会 since 自从 since then 自从 finally 最后
s and the products are finally distributed
Part 2 ：表空间
空间表达地图题出现概率较高， 但流程图也偶尔出现。 空间应该是地图题解题关键和主要特 点。许多考生容易误把地图题的空间位置写成上下左右位置，
阁海外考试研究中心的专家们提示烤鸭，空间表达时需要注意区分：在空间状语里， 内部， on 表接壤， to 表分开 。
常用的空间词： lies 靠近
这是失分点非常大的地方。 朗
in 表
is located 坐落
is situated in 位于
across 交叉
parallel 平行
in tersect 交点
on the …side of the …面
on both sides of 两边
just off …靠近
on the opposite side 在另一边
on the border 在边缘上
cen ter/middle/ce ntral area 中间
near/next to/close to/adjace nt to 靠近
例句：It lies 450 kilometers from the n earest city, which is on the n orth side of the KK moun ta in.
Part 3 :表顺序
表顺序的使用在流程图中是典型，表顺序的关联词能够使描述的流程更加清晰，结构条理明显。就如我们常用的产品安装说明一样，标明了1、2、3、4步，简洁明了。常见的表顺序的连词如下：
开始：first of all, initially, to begin with, in the first place, first, the first
stage involves …,during, in the first place, Firstly
其次：second, then, next, also, in the second stage, following this/that, afterwards
the first (reas on) is, Secon dly
然后：after that, at the same time, in the mean time, mean while, prior to, un til,
in the third stage, in additi on, at the same time, from that mome nt on, once whe n
最终：fin ally, lastly, in the final stage, in the end, Thirdly
例句：First the fruit is picked from trees by hand. It is then transported to the
cannery by large trucks.
A.地图变化词
变大：
en larged in creased by half
exte nded soar rise n
doubled, tripled
变小：
dropped reduced decreased
grow n falle n halved
消失:
disappeared removed no more here
建成:
Becomes
tran sformed
recon structed redeveloped completed and ope ned added to the library con verted into cha nged into turned over to replaced /substituted gives way to
n ewly-built built establish set up con structed
The follow ing diagraph shows the structure of ......
The picture illustrates ......
It main ly con sists of ......
It works as follows ................
It always invo Ives follow ing steps .....
The whole procedure can be divided in ......... .stages.
地图题第一段句型
This report compares how _______ developed and changed since ______ / between ___ and ___ .
The two maps illustrate the difference of ______ between ____ and ____ .
表示A位于....
A is located …
A is situated …
A is just off the road to … A 在通向某地的路边上
A is right at the center of … A 在……的正中央
表示 A 靠近或紧挨着B
A is next to B
A is close to B
A is adjacent to B
表示 A 位于 B 的某一面……公里处
A is located/situated … kilometers to the east/west/south/north of B.
表示 A 在 B 的某个角上
A is located on the east/west/north/south corner of B
表示道路/ 河流通向某处
The road runs from … to
The river flows from …to
表示 A 与 B 一路之隔
A is right across from B
表示 A 在 B 的对面
A is opposite B
表示建筑物的布局: layout 表示建筑物周边的环境：the surroundings 表示 A 占据了某个空间: A occupies … 表示在某处新建造了A
A is newly built in
A is newly constructed in
A is newly established in
表示 A 被改造成了B
A is turned into B
A is transformed into B
A is replaced by B
表示 A 被移除
A is removed
A has gone
A is taken down from …
表示 A 的面积缩小/ 扩大了
The size of A is reduced/expanded.
A was expanded to twice its size.
The size of A almost doubled.
The river flows from …to
A 经历了（某种变化）：A experienced/witnessed/saw …
起初：At first/Initially/In the beginning/Originally,
接下来：Then/Next/After that/In the following stage/In the next period/In subsequent
the period/Afterwards,
在这个阶段：At this point/In this phase/In this stage,
最终：Finally/Eventually/In the end,
地图题的5个常用句式（前三个句子为主，后面的句子为连接和点缀）句式 1 ：located/situated/sited/built/constructed+ 地点
1. ，一块湿地（wetland ）在湖的西南面。
A wetland is located to the southeast of the lack. 句式2 ：地点+with+ 地点+方位
2. 这个地区有一个很大的树林，在南面有一个农场。
This region has large woodland with a farm to the south . 句式3 ：there be 句型3. 东南角有两个学校。
There are two schools on the south-eastern corner of the area.
句式4 :使用while, but 和and连接的句子
4. 城市的北面有一个山，而南面有一个湖
A mountain is located to the north of the city, while there is a river to the south.
句式5: 倒装句
5. 河的南面有个博物馆
To the south of the river was a library.
句式 6 :使用名词性从句(譬如说it should be noted that, it is worth noting
that, it is no ticeable that, we can see that, it is clear that, one
sig nifica nt cha nge is that )
6. 值得注意的是这个图书馆在东侧有一长列的会议室。
It is noticeable that the library has a row of meeting rooms on the eastern side.
分析近几年IELTS Writing出现过的地图题，我们可以把地图题分为两大类：一类，静态选址题；一类，动态变迁题。
静态选址题，这种题型要求考生对建筑物不同地址的利弊进行比较，多数静态选址题是在两个地址之间的比较，多于两个地址之间的比较会出现的较少。
例2 :
loaMcuti
The two maps b&low show an island, before and aft电F Me ccnstfucti^n of some tourist
Before
IW PMWO
IW PMWO
。静态选址题的解题技巧
1. 时态解决小作文，我们首要的一个步骤就是明确全文要用的时态。一般而言，静态选址类的题目当中如果没有明确表示过去时间点的标识词，使用一般现在时或是用would/could/might 等表示假设的虚拟语气形式。
2. 主体段
建议各位考生按照不同的地址来划分主体段，需要比较几处地址就分成几个主体段，然后具体去写每个地址的利与弊。
3. 开头和结尾
静态选址的开头和数据类图型一样改写题目就可以，结尾只需要说明不同地址各自都有优缺点，可以不去选择一个较好的地址。
4. 重点词汇和句型在地图题当中，考生必须熟练掌握词汇和句型：
(1) 方位词
东east 东北north-east
西west 东南south-east
北north 西北north-west
南south 西南north-west
(2) 坐落/位于
A is located …
A is situated …
A lies …
(3) 介词的使用
A在B内的东部
A is located in the east side of B
(4) A在距离B东部.。。的公里
A is located … kilometers to the east of B
(5) A在B的东部角落
A is located at the east corner of B
(6) A在B的东部边缘
A is located on the east edge of B
(7) 紧邻/对面/朝向
A is next to/is close to/is adjacent to/A is in the proximity to B
A is opposite B
A faces east/A faces towards the east
(8) 沿着河流/ 道路
along with river/road alongside the river/road
(9) 道路通向/ 河流流向
The road/river runs from … to …
5. 例文讲解( 例1，C5-3)
通过基础词汇和句型的讲解，我们以地址si为例，描述出si的准确位置，同时客观分
析s1 作为建立超市地址的优缺点。
The first potential[i] location (Si)is outside the town itself and is sited just
off[2] the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west.[3] This site is in the countryside and so would be able to [4] accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to[5] shoppers from both Hindon and Garlson who could travel by car. As it is also close to[6] the railway line linking the two tow ns to
Cransdon(25 km to the south-east) , a pote ntially large nu mber of shoppers would also be able
to[7] travel by train 。
三.动态变迁题的解题技巧
1. 时态
动态变迁题的开头段改写原题用一般现在时，主体段根据图形来决定。如果题目当中有
明确表示过去和现在时间标志的词，我们按照图形使用不同的时态。如图所示，例3: The maps show the cha nges of a small village from 1995 to prese nt 。
很显然，在描述第一幅图，有明确的过去时标识词，1995，我们使用一般过去时；在
描述第二幅图，存在明确的现在时标识词，present，使用一般现在时。
2. 主体段落
开头段即改写原题，结尾段概括某个地理区域是如何发展变化的。
动态选址题通常按照时间顺序划分主体段。题目出现几个年代就分成几个主体段来写，每段写其中一个历史阶段，具体描述两个年代的变化和不同之处。如果有多个年代变化阶段,
可以考虑把合并变化阶段来写主体段。
3. 重点词汇和句型
动态变迁题，除了需要掌握上述静态选址题当中表述方位，位置，朝向等重点词汇之外,
还需要掌握以下词汇，
(1) 某处兴建了A
A is built in
A is contracted in
A is established in
(2) 某处增建了A
A is added to …
An additi on is made to …,which is A
(3) A被B替代/A改造成B
A is turned into/is transformed into B
A is converted into B
(4) A 被搬走
A is removed/demolished from …
(5) A 的面积缩小了/A 的面积扩大了
The size of A is reduced to (only half of/one third of the original size)
A is expanded (to twice its size)=The size of A almost doubled 。
(6) A 向…方向延长
A extends (eastward/westward/southward …)
4. 例文讲解( 例3)
开头同数据型图标文章一样，对题目做简单的改写：The maps reveal the alterations of the village of Soton over the period from 1995 to present 。
主体段
首先，我们需要对第一幅图片进行细节的描述。从总体上说，村庄被分成了两部分。按照从南到北的角度，去描述村庄里面具体存在的建筑物。
In the first picture[8] , the village was divided into[9] three parts by two major roads. In the southern part, there was[10] a fishing port on the sea, and a fish market, which was near the port, was just located at the south side [11] of the major road. Opposite to[12] the market, there was a block of shops sitting on the other side of the road. East of the shops, a hotel and a cafe were built at the joint [13] of the two major roads. The northwest part[14] was basically a residential area, and some of the houses were surrounded by[15] a rectangular road. In addition, a farmland of great acreage occupied the northeast corner[16] , while a forest park of similar size was established[17] on the south of the farmland 。
第三段，我们要做的是把“对比”做到极致：两幅图的不同，村庄所发生的变化。每句话做到言之有物，言之有理。考生需要清晰的有条理的指出：消失的建筑物，被替代的建筑物，新建的建筑物等。
In the second picture, the village has changed a lot.[18]The fishing port has gone and the fish market is replaced by[19] a block of apartments. Several restaurants also take up the place of [20] the shops on the road side. Moreover, a car park is newly built[21] no the east of the hotel. In addition, the housing area becomes larger and a branch road is built from the rectangular road to the west. Finally, a sports field for tennis and golf occupied[22] the place of previous farmland the forest park 。
结尾段，考生仅需重申村庄有变化的事实即可。
To conclude, these years have witnessed rapid development in the village of Soton 。
最后，总结一下小作文地图题的写作要点。第一，分清地图题的类型，是静态选址题还是动态变迁题；第二，明确文章使用的时态；第三，有条理的组织主体段的内容；最后，掌握题型的重点词汇和句型，有效的把每个方位，每个地址描述清楚。必须强调的是，地图题的中心思想依然不变，
即对比。不论是对比不同的地址优缺点还是对比某地随时间发生的变化。
potential 潜在的，可能的
be sited 位于主干道的旁边
lying 是lie 的现在分词形式
would 表可能，能够同义替换：表可能，能够靠近，临近表可能，能够这段主要阐述第一幅地图带给我们的信息be divided into 被分成几部分there be 某处有某物be located at 位
于. 。。
opposite to .......... 。的对面
be built 被建立at the joint 在交叉口处于西北地区的是. 。。
be surroun ded by 被… 包围
occupy 占据
occupy the northeast corner 处于东北角
be established 被建立
本段的中心句
be replaced by 被…替代
take up the place of 被…替代
被新建的建筑物
占据（新建的建筑物）