切割机外文翻译

毕业设计外文资料翻译

题目网格刻线机

学院机械工程学院

专业机械工程及自动化

班级机升1002班

学生张静

学号20100404071

指导教师苏东宁

二〇一二年四月二日

United States Patent Office,Ser.No.739,123

GRID RULING MACHINE

John T Ferris, Houston, Tex.

United States Patent Office

Abstract This invention relates to grid ruling machine and, more particularly, to apparatus for effecting an accurate transverse ruling of a grid blank of extensive length. Key words grid ruling machine

GRID RULING MACHINE

John T Ferris, Houston, Tex., assignor to Dresser Indhustres: Incorporated, Dallas, Tex, a corporation of Delaware

Filed June 2, 1958, Ser. No. 739,123

11 C1aims.(Cl. 88-24)

This invention relates to grid ruling machine and more particularly, to apparatus for effecting an accurate transverse ruling of a grid blank of extensive length.

In the past grids have been ruled by machines using conventional mechanical drives and stop and start controls in conjunction with a reciprocating mechanical scribing carriage . However, it is apparent that the numerous increments of short movement of the carriage interrupted by a complete stop during the operating stroke of the scribing carriage permits a repeated back lash or play between the machine elements within the limits of manufacturing tolerances. Since perfect accuracy in the design and construction of conventional machine elements is unattainable, evenmore small errors in scribing are multiplied with repetition so that grids scribed by such machines are necessarily limited in length.

More recently interferometers have been employed to control the longitudinal increment of movement of the scribing carriages but since interference fringes lose their brilliance and contrast to an unusable level beyond certain minimum limits of movement, grids of more than a few centimeters in length cannot be produced under conventional interferometer control.

It is, therefore, an object of my invention to provide a machine capable of producing ruled grids of a length unlimited by the necessity of minimizing multiplication of machine errors, or by the limits of practical interferometer operation.

It is a further object of my invention to provide a means for ruling grids during

continuous motion of the ruling device along the length of the grid blank.

It is a further object of my inversion to provide an inter interferometer having an operating range limited only by the length of the machine ways along which it is guided.

It is a further object of my invention to provide a novel method of ruling a grid blank which does not requires start and stop increments of movement of the supporting carriage.

It is a further object of my invention to provide a grid ruling machine that is automatic and, at the same time, reliable and accurate in operation.

In carrying out my invention, I provide a pair of carriages adapted to move along well machined ways. Drive means and stop means which may be integrated are provided for independent movement of each carrier. Elements of an interferometer are arranged on the carriages, so that relatively movable elements thereof are separately movable. Control means are provided to move the carriages along the ways alternately, step by step, in increments within the practical range of the interferometer, with one carriage supporting a unique marking device that is operable during movement of that carriage. Thus, there is a setting stroke of one carriage, an active stroke of the marking carriage, a setting stroke and so. on until the full length of the ways has been traversed if desired. For marking the grid blank, I provide a coating of light sensitive emulsion on the blank arid employ as the marking device a source of light capable of exposing a fine line across the width of the grid blank. The source of light is fired at intervals during continuous movement of the marking carriage in response to signals generated by the interferometer.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent from the description following when read in connection with the drawing wherein: FIG. 1 is an isometric view of my apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the ruling machine.

Referring now to the drawing, my grid ruling machine comprises two carriages l and 2 separately driven along .well machined ways by any conventional drive means such .as pinions 3 and 4, engaging racks 5 and 6 along the machined ways. Each gear 3, 4 is driven by an electric motor 7 and 8, preferably of the servo type so that the velocity, starting and stopping of the carriages l and 2 along the ways, can be maintained under close control. As is well known, the desired velocity control is achieved with a servo motor by modifying the current delivered thereto in response to variations in speed actually delivered thereby But-in any event, the specific drive means employed for the carriages is not material and the motors and gears described are shown by way of illustration only. Other speed control mechanisms such as speed reducers can be utilized to supplement the means shown. Moreover, other mechanisms such as constant tension springs or even gravity may be

substituted as drive means. The important consideration in the apparatus to be hereinafter described is that means be provided to start, stop and otherwise control with extreme accuracy the movements of the carriages l and 2.

The extent of movement of the carriages l and 2 is closely controlled by an interferometer 10 mounted thereon. The interferometer includes a source of monochromatic light, such as a cadmium vapor discharge tube 11 coupled with a narrow band filter 12. The near monochromatic light issuing from filter 12 is passed through a collimating lens 13 which directs a column of light into a dividing prism 14, comprising tw0 30-60-90 degree prisms 15 and 116 cemented together. Significantly, at least one of the prisms 15, 16 is aluminized at their union face 17 so that equal amounts of light will be reflected and transmitted by the plane of union, the reflected light being designated by the arrows R and the transmitted light by the narrows T. From the dividing prism 14 the reflected and transmitted light R and T pass into tetrahedral or corner prisms 18 and 19, respectively, which characteristically reflect light back along a path parallel to its path of entry, even though the prism is displaced in any direction transverse to such path of entry.

After being reflected from their respective tetrahedral prisms l8, 19, the reflected and transmitted light R and T return to the dividing prism 14 where each is again divided by the plane of union 17. Here we are concerned with the transmitted components of the originally reflected light R and the reflected components of the originally transmitted light T both issuing from prism 14 along the lines R T toward a lens 20 which controls the diameter of the column of light impinging upon a shield or mask 21 having an annular aperture 22 there through which permits only a ring of light coincidental there with to pass and impinge upon a photoelectric cell 23 which converts pulses of light into electrical pulses.

It will be noted that all components of the interferometer 10 are mounted on one carriage l except only one of the reflectors or tetrahedral prisms 18 which is mounted on carriage2 to move therewith. As is well known in interferometers, relative movement between the reflecting prisms 18 and 19 will vary progressively the phase relationship of the light reflected therefrom and reunited in its exit from dividing prism 14. That is, a prism movement of one-half wave length will increase the distance traveled by the light over both the paths of incidence and reflection of one full wave length. Consequently, after a relative movement of one-half wave length, the originally reflected and transmitted light waves R and T will exit toward shield 21 in phase again. By the same token, a relative movement of one-fourth wave length will cause the reflected and transmitted light R and T to exit from prism 14 in interference, i.e. one-half wave length out of phase. Consequently,

continuous movement through the maximum light of phase coincidence and the darkness of interference produces a successively light and dark fringe pattern which from the collimated light l emitted from lens 13 is in the form of concentric rings moving outwardly from or inwardly toward the center, depending upon the direction of relative movement between reflecting prisms 18 and 19.

As each ring of light in the fringe pattern produced assumes a diameter wherein it coincides with the annular aperture 22 of shield 21, a pulse of light impinges upon the photo-electric cell 23 to be converted into a pulse of electricity fed by conductors 23a to an electronic counter arid control circuit 24 for counting such pulses. Thus, relative movement between the reflecting prisms 18 and 19, and hence carriages l and 2, can be indicated by electrical pulses in increments of one-fourth wave length of the monochromatic light emitted from source 11. Of particular significance is the capability of my apparatus to extend this indication or measurement of minute increments over a total travel of the carriages l and 2 limited only by the length of the ways 5 and 6.

The electronic counter and control circuit 24 functions to control the speed of the carriages l and 2 and the operation of electrical switches in accordance with the receipt of given numbers of electrical pulses. Through such switches, a source of alternating current 25 may be varied and selectively connected through conductors 26 and 27 to motors 7 and 8, respectively, driving carriages l and 2. For example, when the carriages l and 2 are in the position shown, a signal produced the counter and control circuit 24, will close an appropriate switch to direct current from the source 25 to the motor 8 for driving the leading carriage 2. During this movement intermittent fringes impinge upon photo-electric cell 23 to produce electrical pulses to be counted by control circuit 24. When a predetermined number of pulses have been counted, the circuit of motor 8 is opened to stop further movement of the carriage 2. The number of pulses measuring this movement is determined by the effective range of the interferometer 10. That is, the relative movement of this and, in fact, all interferometers must be within a range wherein the fringe pattern produced thereby is sufficiently sharp and brilliant to effect reliable functioning of the photo-electric cell 23. Therefore, assuming that the reflecting prisms 18 and 19 as illustrated in FIG. 2 are within the usable range, the carriage 2 may be moved until prism 18 has moved from the left of prism 19' (in FIG. 2) to the same distance to the right thereof.

After the circuit of motor 8 has been opened, a delayed signal closes the circuit of motor 7 to move carriage I to the right in FIG. 2 and, hence, prism 19 first toward and then beyond prism 18 to the original position, shown in FIG. 2. Again, electrical pulses are fed

to the counter and control circuit 24 until in response to appropriate signal the circuit of motor 7 is opened. Subsequently, motor 8 is energized and the cycle repeated.

Therefore, it is apparent that the carriages1and 2 can be moved along over indefinite lengths in step by step stages measured in terms of one-fourth wave length of monochromatic light source 11. Such apparatus is particularly adapted to produce elongate grids by a novel means.

Adjacent to the path traveled by the carriages1 and 2 is secured an elongate grid blank 30; of metal, glass plastic or the like. The grid blank 30 may be held stationary by any conventional fasteners, clamps or other holding means and disposed as shown with its longitudinal axis parallel to the ways 5 and 6 and its transverse axis perpendicular to the plane of the carriages 1 and 2. On the adjacent surface of the grid blank 30 is a coating 31 of a light sensitive emulsion requiring the maintenance of controlled conditions of area illumination to avoid inadvertent exposure.

Mounted on carriage l to travel therewith is an elongate electronic flash tube 34 having its longitudinal axis disposed perpendicular to the plane of the carriage l and hence, parallel to the surface of the grid blank 30. the flash tube 34 has the surface thereof aluminized to prevent the transmission of light except through a narrow straight line slit 35 etched or scribed along the length thereof by accurate machine tool methods. Therefore each time the tube is flashed, a narrow, vertical bean of light is transmitted to and through a lens 35 a which focuses the beam to a narrow line of light impinging upon the light sensitive coating 31 to expose a fine line L transversely across the surface of grid blank 30.

The flash tube 34 is energized upon closing of an appropriate switch in the control circuit :24 by the souro of stored electrical power of a conventional power supply and trigger circuit 36 and conductors 37. The control circuit is adapted to trigger the power supply each time a predetermined number of pulses are delivered by photoelectric cell 23 0nly during the movement of carriage 1.

It is believed that the operation of my apparatus can now be readily understood. In response to appropriate signal the motor 8 is energized to move carriage 2 in advance of carriage l to set the grid ruling apparatus for operation. Throughout the movement of carriage 2, the power supply 36 is inactive. Then, carriage l is driven by motor 7 through a distance measured by a predetermined number of pulses delivered by photo-electric cell 23. Throughout this movement power supply 36 is operative and repeatedly on appropriate signal from control circuit 24 in response to a fixed number of pulses delivered thereto releases an electrical signal to energize the flash tube 34 and expose a narrow line on the face of grid blank 30. After exposure the light sensitive emulsion is processed by

conventional photographic techniques. In the case of extremely long grids the developing process can be performed with the grid still in position by manual application of developing chemicals.

Again, while I have referred specifically to a motor and gear and rack drive for the carriage, it is obvious that many different types of drive means may be employed. It is significant only that start and stop means for the carriage be under the control of mechanism operated in response to signals generated by the interferometer 10.

While I have shown a preferred embodiment of my Invention, it is apparent that m any modifications an changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention which is defined by the claims appended hereto.

Having described my invention, I claim :

1. Apparatus for ruling a grid blank comprising, a grid marking device, first and second carriages independently movable along a fixed path parallel to said grid blank, said grid marking device being mounted upon said second carriage for movement relative to said grid blank, 'an interferometer including a pair of light reflectors, one of said reflectors being mounted or said first carriage, the other of said reflectors being mounted on said second carriage,movement of said one reflector relative to said other reflector producing interference fringes of relative light and dark, a transducer for converting such fringes of relative light and dark into electrical pulses upon relative movement between said fist and said second carriages, means for effecting movement of said first carriage along its said path over a predetermined distance and then terminating such movement, activating means operative after completion of said first carriage movement for moving said second carriage, and means connected to said transducer for energizing periodically said grid marking device upon receipt of a predetermined number of electrical pulses during movement of said second carriage.

2. A grid ruling apparatus as defined in claim l including means for stopping movement of said second carriage, said stopping means being energized in response to a given number of electrical pulses.

3. Apparatus for ruling a grid blank comprising, first and second carnages movable along a fixed path parallel to said grid blank, an interferometer including a pair of light reflectors, movement of one of said reflectors relative to the other of said reflectors of said interferometer producing interference fringes, said one reflector being mounted on said first carriage and said other reflector being mounted on said second carriage, a transducer for converting light pulses into electrical pulses, a shield having an aperture therein concentric to said interference fringes to permit intermittent light pulses to impinge upon

said transducer during relative movement of said first and second carriages, setting means for effecting movement of said first carriage, first carriage stopping means connected to said transducer and energized responsive to transmission of a given number of electrical pulses for preventing further movement of said first carriage, activating means operative after energization of said first carriage stopping means for effecting movement of said second carriage, a grid marking device, one of said grid marking devices a nd said grid blank being mounted on said second carriage, and means connected to said transducer for .energizing periodically said grid marking device upon every receipt of predetermined number of electrical pulses during movement of said second carriage.

4. A grid ruling apparatus as defined. in claim 3 including means connected to said transducer for stopping movement of said second carriage, said stopping means being energized in response to 'a given number of electrical pulses.

5. Apparatus for ruling a stationary grid blank having a light sensitive coating thereon comprising first and second carriages movable along a fixed path parallel to said grid blank, an interferometer including a pair of light reflectors, one of said reflectors being mounted on said first carriage and the other of said reflectors being mounted on said second carriage, movement of said one reflector relative to other reflector producing interference fringes, a transducer on said second carriage for converting light pulses into electrical pulses, ,a shield having an aperture therein concentric to said interference fringes to permit intermittent light pulses to impinge upon said transducer during relative movement of said first and second carriages, setting means for effecting movement of said first carriage, first carriage stopping means connected to said transducer .and energized upon transmission of a given number of electrical pulses for preventing further movement of said first carriage, activating means operative after energization of said first carriage stopping means for effecting movement .of said second carriage, a light source operative when energized to project a line of light on said light sensitive coating transverse to said fixed path, and means connected to said transducer for energizing said light source periodically in response to transmission by said transducer of predetermined ones of electrical pulses produced during movement of said second carriage.

6. A grid ruling apparatus as defined in claim 5 including means for stopping movement of said second carriage, said stopping means being energized in response to a given number of electrical pulses.

7. Apparatus for ruling an elongate stationary grid blank comprising, first and second carriages movable along a fixed path parallel to said fixed path, driving means for each of said first and second carriages, an interferometer including a pair of light reflectors, one of

said reflectors being mounted on said first carriage and the other of said reflectors being mounted on said second carriage, movement of said one reflector relative to said other reflector producing interference fringes, a transducer on said second carriage for converting light pulses into electrical pulses; a shield having an aperture therein concentric to said interference fringes to- permit intermittent light pulses to impinge upon said transducer during relative movement of said first and second carriages, energizing means for said first carriage driving means, signal means connected to said transducer and operative upon receiving a first given number of electrical pulses for de-energizing said first carriage driving means and then energizing said second, carriage driving means, said signal means being further operative upon receiving a second given number of electrical pulses to, de-energize said second carriage driving means and then to. Energize said first carriage driving means, a grid marking device on said second carriage, and power means actuated upon receiving predetermined ones of said second given number of electrical pulses to energize said grid marking device.

8. Apparatus for ruling an elongate stationary grid having a light sensitive coating thereon comprising, first and second carriages movable along a fixed path parallel to said fixed path, driving means for each of said first and second carriages, an interferometer including a pair of light reflectors, one of said reflectors being mounted on said first carriage and the other of said reflectors being mounted on said second carriage, movement of said one reflector relative to, said other reflector producing interference fringes, a transducer on said second carriage for converting light pulses into electrical pulses, a shield having an aperture therein concentric to said interference fringes to permit intermittent light pulses to impinge upon said transducer during relative movement of said first and second carriages, means energizing said first carriage driving means, signal means connected to said transducer and operative upon receiving a first given number of electrical pulses for de-energizing said first carriage driving means and then energizing said second carriage driving means, said signal means being further operative upon receiving a second given number of electrical pulses to de-energize said second carriage driving means and then to energize said first carriage driving means, a light source operative when energized to direct a line of light on said grid blank and power means actuated upon receiving predetermined ones of said second given number of electrical pulses for energizing said light source.

9 .Apparatus for ruling art elongate stationary grid Blank comprising, first and second carriages movable along a fixed path parallel to said fixed path, driving means for each of said first and second carriages, a power source connectable to each of said driving means,

on said first carriage and the other of said reflectors being mounted on said second carriage, movement of said one reflector relative to said other reflector producing interference fringes, a transducer on said second carriage for converting light pulses into electrical pulses. a shield having an aperture there in concentric to said interference fringes to permit intermittent light pulses to impinge upon said transducer during relative movement of said first and second carriages, means connecting said source to said first carriage driving means, switch means connected to said transducer and operative upon receiving a first given number of pulses there from to disconnect said power source from said first carriage driving means and then to connect said power source to said second carriage driving means and operative upon receiving a second given number of pulses from said transducer to disconnect said power source from said second carriage driving means and then to connect said power source to said first carriage driving means, a grid marking device on said second carriage, and power means actuated upon receiving predetermined ones of said second given number of electrical pulses to energize said grid marking device.

10. Apparatus for producing controlled movement of a member comprising first and second carriages movable independently along a fixed path, said member being carried on one of said carriages, driving means for each of said first and second carriages, a power source connectable to each of said driving means, an interferometer including a pair of light reflectors, movement of one of said reflectors relative to the other of said reflectors producing interference fringes, said one reflector being mounted on said first carriage and said other reflector being mounted on said second carriage, a transducer on said second carriage for converting light pulses into electrical pulses, a shield having an aperture therein concentric to said interference fringes to permit intermittent light pulses to impinge upon said transducer during relative movement of said first and second carriages, means connecting said source to said first carriage driving means, switch means connected to said transducer and operative upon receiving a first given number of pulses there from to disconnect said power source from said first carriage driving means and then to connect said power source to said second carriage driving means and operative upon receiving a second given number of pulses from said transducer to disconnect said power source from said second carriage driving means and then to connect said power source to said first carriage driving means.

11. Apparatus for producing controlled movement of a member comprising first and second carriages movable independently along a fixed path, said member being carried on one of said carriages, driving means for each of said first and second carriages, an

relative to the other of said reflectors producing interference fringes on relative light and dark, said one reflector being mounted on said first carriage and said other reflector being mounted on said second carriage, a transducer for converting such fringes of relative light and dark into electrical pulses upon relative movement between said first and second carriages, means energizing said first carriage driving means, signal means connected to said transducer and operative upon receiving a first given number of electrical pulses for de-energizing said first carriage driving means and then energizing said second carriage driving means, said signal means being further operative upon receiving a second given number of electrical pulses to de energize said second carriage driving means and the n to energize said first carriage driving means.

References Cited in the file of this patent

UNITED STATES PATENTS

1,455,795 Logan--------------------------------------------------------------------May 22,1923 1,744,642 Kondo--------------------------------------------------------------------Jan. 14,1930 1,814,701 Ives-----------------------------------------------------------------------July 14,1931 2,123,276 Eckerlin------------------------------------------------------------------July 12,1938 2,506,141 Drouin-------------------------------------------------------------------May 2,1950 2,527,338 Stamn---------------------------------------------------------------------Oct. 24,1950 2,575,367 Strong--------------------------------------------------------------------Nov. 20,1951 2,702,393 Merton-------------------------------------------------------------------Feb. 22,1955 745,919 Great Britain-------------------------------------------------------------Mar. 7,1956

OTHER REFERENCES

Jenkins and White,”Fundamentals of Optics,”second edition,1950 McGraw-Hill Book Co.,Inc.,New Y ork,N.Y.,pages 247-249.(C0py in Div.7)

United States Patent Office, Ser. No. 739,123

网格划线机

John T Ferris, Houston, Tex.

摘要本发明涉及到网格划线机，更特别是，此设备为得到准确的横向划长度广泛的空白网格给与保障。

关键词网格划线机

网格划线机

John T Ferris, Houston, Tex., assignor to Dresser Indhustres: Incorporated, Dallas, Tex,a corporation of Delaware

存档1958年6月2日，专利号：739123

11个要求（Cl.88-——24）

本发明涉及到网格划线机，更特别是，此设备为得到准确的横向划长度广泛的空白网格给与保障。

最近干涉仪已被用来控制划线车运动的纵向增量，自从干涉条纹失去他们的光彩和与一个不稳定的水平相比超过了某些最低限制的运动，在常见干涉仪的控制下不能产生超过一些厘米的网格。

因此，我发明的目的提供一个机器，在必要时能生产无限长的网格，最大可能的减少机器的错误，或者实际的干涉技术得以限制。

我发明的进一步目的是在设备沿着一定长度划线的连续运动期间提供一种划线的方法。

我发明的另一个目的是提供一个内部干涉仪，机器的长度沿着指导方式有一个工作范围的限制。

我发明的另一个目的是提供一个划空网格的新方法，即在工作台实现运动时不需要启动和停止设备。

我发明的另一个目的是提供一个自动化划线机，同时，在操作过程中具有可靠地精度。

在执行我的发明时，我提供了一对工作台适应好的加工方法。驱动方式和停止方式可能被整合，用来提供每一个工作台的独立运动。干涉仪的每一个元件都被安装在工作台上，以至于相对运动的原件被单独运动。控制手段是用于工作台交替运动，一步一步，干涉仪的实际增量范围内，在工作台运动期间伴随着操作它的独立标记设备，

因此，那儿有一个工作台的冲程，标记设备的活跃冲程，一个设置的冲程等等如果需要的话直至贯穿全长。为了标记一个空网格，在空白处我提供了一个感光乳剂作为标记设备，在空网格露出一条横穿网格的光线。在标记车连续远动期间，光源不时的发射，干涉仪发出的讯号作出响应。

其中，当阅读有关图纸时，我发明的目的和优势将在下面的描述中体现：

图1是我的仪器的三维视图；

图2是划线机的平面示意图。

现参照图纸，我的划线机由分别独立运动的工作台1和2与一些传统的驱动方式如齿轮3和4，机器的运动方式齿条5和6，电动机7和8分别带动齿轮3和4，适宜的伺服系统以至于工作台1和2的启动和停止方式在严密的速度控制下被维护，众所周知，用调整伺服电机的电流（实际的变化速度）来获得所需的控制速度，但在任何情况下，工作台具体的运动方式不重要，电机和齿轮的描述在图中被显示，另外速度控制机构比如减速器被用来补充显示的方式。此外，其他机构比如恒张力弹簧或重力被用来代替驱动方式。最重要考虑的是下文设备的描述，启动，停止和控制工作台1和2的极限准确度。

工作台1和工作台2的运动程度被干涉仪10紧密控制着，干涉仪包括一个单色光源，比如一个镉蒸汽放电管11与一个窄的带通滤波器12相连接，近单色光从滤波器12穿过准直透镜13直接进入划分棱镜14，棱镜14包含两个30-60-90角度的棱镜胶粘在一起，值得注目的是，15棱镜，16棱镜至少有一个棱镜在结合面17上镀铝以至于在结合面上反射和传播等量的光，反射的光被称为箭头R透射的光被称为箭头T。从分棱镜14反射和透射的光R和T 分别进入四面体或角棱镜18和19，这一特性反映光的背面沿着平行的路线进入，即使这个分棱镜在进入路径被任何横向路径所取代。

从四面棱镜18，19反射后，反射和透射后的光R和T又回到四面棱镜14在那儿结合面17又一次被分开。这儿我关心的是透射的最初部分反射光R和反射的最初透射光T都沿着光线RT透过棱镜14接近透镜20，它控制这束光的直线撞击保护盾或有一个环形22面具21 ，只允许通过符合的光去侵犯光电管23，它是光脉冲转换为电脉冲。

值得注意的是除了只有其中一个反射镜和四面棱镜18安装在后面运动工作台2 上，干涉仪10的所有元件都安装在工作台1上。在干涉仪上。众多周知，反射棱镜18和19之间的相对运动将逐步改变光的相位关系，在从分棱镜14退出，在重聚得以体现。也就是说，棱镜运动一半波长将增加光的传播距离在入射和反射的全波长上。因此，一个相对运动的半波长，最初反射和透射的光波R和T将退出在相位上去接近面具21.出于同样的原因，一个四分之一波长的相对运动将引起反射和透射光R和T 从干涉仪的分棱镜14退出，也就是，半波长的相位差。因此，通过连续运动最大相

位的光和干涉的暗处产生连续的光和暗条纹，它们来自从透镜13发出的平行光，一同心环的形式在内外表面运动到中心，其方向取决于反射棱镜18和19之间的相对运动。

关于每位一个光环条纹的生产都承担面具21的环形光阑22的直径，脉冲光撞击光电管23 转换成导体的电脉冲23对抗用来计数的电子控制电路。因此，反射棱镜18和19之间相对运动，工作台1和2，单色光11为四分之一波长的电脉冲被显示。特别重要的是我的设备迹象的延长或者时间的测量超过工作台1和2的长度，又限于5和6的长度。

电子计数器和控制电路24的功能是控制工作台1和2的速度和根据一定的电脉冲操作电器开关。通过开关，交流电源25可以对电机7和8改变和通过导体26和27选择性的连接，分别驱动工作台1和2.例如，当工作台1和3在适当的位置时，产生一个信号计数器和控制电路24，用电机8上的直流电25关闭适合的开关以驱动工作台2.期间远动的间歇条纹撞击光电管23产生控制电路24的电脉冲。当预定的脉冲被计数，电机8被打开，阻止工作台2的进一步移动。运动测量的脉冲数是由干涉10的范围所决定的。也就是，这个相对运动，事实上，所有的干涉必须在内部范围的条纹产生足够锋利和闪耀的光电管23的可靠地运行效果。因此，假设在图2中的反射棱镜18和19的适用范围，工作台2可能移动直到棱镜18已离开棱镜19向正确的方向相同距离。

电机8的控制电路打开后，信号延迟关闭电机7到移动工作台1至图2的右面，然后，首次接近棱镜19越过棱镜18的原始位置，如图2.再次，电脉冲输入到计数器和控制电路24直到有合适的信号响应，电机7打开。随后，电机8通电，反复循环。

因此，很明显，工作台1和2可以沿着无限长度一步一步的测量依照单色光11的四分之一。这样的设备特别适合于用新的方法生产较长的网格。

相邻工作台1和2的路线是一个伸长的空白网格30，金属的、玻璃塑料等类似的。这个空白网格30也可能被一些紧固件、夹具固定或其他固定方式，用方法5和6处理显示的纵轴平行和工作台1和2的横向轴线垂直。在空网格的相邻面是一感光涂层需要维护区域照明的控制条件，以免无意识的暴露。

安装在工作台1上的是一个伸长的光电管34有利于工作台1面得纵轴垂直放置然后平行于网格表面。光电管34表面镀铝从而阻止光的透光性通过一条窄的光线35侵蚀或者精密的刻线机器工具。因此每一次光电管都闪烁窄的垂直的光通过镜头35被传送，这个窄的光线集中撞击到敏感涂层31上露出一条横穿网格30表面的细线。

闪光管34通电，控制电路24的相应开关关闭依靠常规电源和触发电路36和导体37来储存电能。只在工作台1运动期间，控制电路是适应触发电源每次预定的脉

冲数用闪光管23传送。

有人认为我设备的操作很容易理解。反映在电机8的信号适时地的被激发，在划网格的时候使工作台2超过工作台1的运动。在整个工作台2的运动中，电源36是不通的。那时，电机7带动工作台1，通过电子管23传送的预定的脉冲数来测量距离。这个远动的电源36工作然后由控制电路响应合适的信号已传送固定数量的脉冲，用激活闪光管释放电信号，然后在网格面上暴露一条窄线。在这个长网格发展的过程在网格中都被体现，在化学的发展手册了占一定的位置。

再次，我有特别提到由电机、齿轮齿条驱动工作台1，很明显，有不同的驱动方式可以采用。重要的是，工作台的启动和停止在干涉仪10产生的信号控制下运行的。

尽管我已显示出发明物的优选方案，很明显，一些修改及变化可能使其中的东西没有远离企业精神和我发明的范围，关于这个我已附加说明。

现描述我的发明，我的要求是：

1.划空白网格的装置设备包括：一个网格标记装置，第一和第二工作台的沿着空网格固定的平行路径独立运动。上述所说的网格装置设备被安装在相对于网格运动的第二个工作台上，一个干涉仪包括一对超光源反射器，其中一个反射器安装在上述所说的第一个工作台，另一个反射器安装在第二工作台上，第一个反射器相对于第二个反射器的相对运动产生黑白相间的干涉条纹。在第一和第二工作台上之间，用换能器把黑白相间的干涉条纹转换成相对运动的电脉冲，第一个工作台上述所说的已定距离受到影响然后结束这一运动。利用有效方法后，因为第一个工作台上使第一个工作台上完成移动，也就意味着连接到换能器上，在第二个工作台上运动期间周期性的网格标记装置收到已定电脉冲。

2.作为一个划网格设备1，要求包括上述所说的第二工作台上的停止运动，所说的停止意味着给定的电脉冲被激发。

3.划空白网格的装置设备包括, 第一和第二工作台上沿着固定的路径运动。一个干涉仪包括一对超光源反射器，第一个反射器相对于第二个反射器的相对运动产生黑白相间的干涉条纹。其中一个反射器安转在上述所说的第一个工作台，另一个反射器安装在第二个工作台上，用换能器把光脉冲转换成的电脉冲，在第一与第二工作台相对运动期间，保护盾有一个同轴孔对着干涉条纹允许间歇光脉冲打击换能器。安装方式影响着第一个工作台的远动，第一个工作台停止意味着连接到换能器和防止给定的电脉冲相应促进第一工作台运动。利用有效方法后，因为第一个工作台使第一个工作台完成移动，一个网格标印装置，其中一个网格标印装置和空白网格横向安装在第二工作台上。也就意味着连接到换能器上，在第二个工作台运动期间周期性的网格标记装置收到已定电脉冲。

4.作为一个划网格设备3，要求包括上述所说的第二工作台的停止运动连接着干涉仪，所说的停止意味着给定的电脉冲被激发。

5.对于划固定空白网格的设备沿着第一和第二工作台运动的固定光线有一光敏涂层，并且干涉仪包括一个超光源反射器，其中一个反射器安转在上述所说的第一个工作台，另一个反射器安装在第二个工作台上，第一个反射器相对于第二个反射器的运动产生干涉条纹。用换能器把干涉条纹转换成电脉冲，在第一与第二工作台相对运动期间，保护盾有一个同轴孔对着干涉条纹允许间歇光脉冲打击换能器。安装方式影响着第一个工作台的远动，第一个工作台停止意味着连接到换能器和防止给定的电脉冲相应促进第一工作台运动。第一个工作台上述所说的已定距离受到影响然后结束这一运动。对于第二个工作台，当通电时光源有效运转向上述所说的固定路径的横向光敏涂层。也就意味着连接到换能器上，在第二个工作台运动期间周期性的网格标记装置收到已定电脉冲。

6.作为一个划网格设备声明5，第二工作台停止运动，该停止意味着一定数目的电脉冲被激发。

7.对于划固定拉长的空白网格的设备组成，第一和第二工作台的运动沿着上述所说的固定路径，干涉仪包括一个超光源反射器，其中一个反射器安转在上述所说的第一个工作台，另一个反射器安装在第二个工作台上，第一个反射器相对于第二个反射器的运动产生干涉条纹。用换能器把干涉条纹转换成电脉冲，在第一与第二工作台相对运动期间，保护盾有一个同轴孔对着干涉条纹允许间歇光脉冲打击换能器。通电意味着第一个工作台运动，第一个工作台运动暗示着第一次给定的电脉冲断开，第二个工作台运动暗示着第二次给定的电脉冲断开，然后激发第一个工作台运动，网格标记在第二个挡板上，快速前进意味着第二次给定的电脉冲被激发，从而完成网格标记图案。

8. 对于划固定拉长的空白网格的设备组成还有一个光敏感涂层，第一和第二挡板的运动沿着上述所说的固定路径，第一和第二工作台的驱动方式，干涉仪包括一个超光源反射器，其中一个反射器安转在上述所说的第一个工作台，另一个反射器安装在第二个工作台上，第一个反射器相对于第二个反射器的运动产生干涉条纹。在第二个工作台上光脉冲转换电脉冲，在第一与第二工作台相对运动期间，保护盾有一个同轴孔对着干涉条纹允许间歇光脉冲打击换能器，意味着第一个工作台运动，第一个工作台运动暗示着第一次给定的电脉冲断开，第二个工作台运动暗示着第二次给定的电脉冲断开，然后激发第一个工作台运动，当对准网格上的光线从而运转，快速前进意味着第二次给定的电脉冲被激发，从而完成网格标记图案。

9.对于划艺术的固定拉长的空白网格的设备组成，第一和第二工作台的运动沿着上述所说的固定路径，第一和第二工作台的每一次驱动方式都因起一次能源变化，干涉仪包括一对超光源反射器，其中一个反射器安转在上述所说的第一个工作台，另一个反射器安装在第二个工作台上，第一个反射器相对于第二个反射器的运动产生干涉条纹。在第二个工作台上光脉冲转换电脉冲，在第一与第二工作台相对运动期

间，保护盾有一个同轴孔对着干涉条纹允许间歇光脉冲打击换能器，意味着连接到第一个工作台的驱动方式，交换器连接着干涉仪和第一个工作台的运动到第二个工作台挡板的运动然后接收干涉仪的第二次给的电脉冲数在第二个挡板上分离然后连接电能给第一个工作台，压印装置呈现到第二个工作台的挡板上，快速前进意味着第二次给定的电脉冲被激发，从而完成网格标记图案。

10.生产控制设备由齿轮组成，第一和第二工作台的挡板沿着固定的路线运动，所说的齿轮执行其中的一个工作台，第一和第二工作台的每一次运动方式，主电源连接上述所说的每一次驱动，干涉仪包括一对超光源反射器，一个反射器相对于另一个反射器运动，其中一个反射器安转在上述所说的第一个工作台，另一个反射器安装在第二个工作台上，在第二个工作台上的干涉仪把光脉冲转化为电脉冲，保护盾有一个同轴孔对着干涉条纹允许间歇光脉冲打击换能器，意味着连接到第一个工作台的驱动方式，交换器连接着干涉仪和第一个工作台的运动到第二个工作台的运动然后接收干涉仪的第二次给的电脉冲数在第二个工作台上分离然后连接电能给第一个工作台，然后连接第一个工作台的主电源从而驱动。

11.生产控制设备由齿轮组成，第一和第二工作台沿着固定的路线运动，所说的齿轮执行其中的一个工作台，第一和第二工作台的每一次运动方式，干涉仪包括一对超光源反射器，第一个反射器相对于第二个反射器的运动产生黑白相间的干涉条纹。其中一个反射器安转在上述所说的第一个工作台，另一个反射器安装在第二个工作台上，在第一与第二工作台相对运动期间，在第二个工作台上黑白光脉冲转换电脉冲，暗示着激励第一个工作台运动，信号显示与干涉仪连接，第一个工作台运动暗示着第一次给定的电脉冲断开然后激励第二个工作台运动，信号显示第二次给定的电脉冲被激发，第二工作台不被驱动，然后第一工作台的驱动装置被激励。

该专利引用的参考文献

美国专利

1,455,795 Logan------------------------------------------May 22,1923 1,744,642 Kondo------------------------------------------Jan. 14,1930 1,814,701 Ives-------------------------------------------July 14,1931 2,123,276 Eckerlin---------------------------------------July 12,1938 2,506,141 Drouin-----------------------------------------May 2,1950 2,527,338 Stamn------------------------------------------Oct. 24,1950 2,575,367 Strong-----------------------------------------Nov. 20,1951 2,702,393 Merton-----------------------------------------Feb. 22,1955 745,919 Great Britain----------------------------------Mar. 7,1956

其他参考文献

Jenkins and White,”Fundamentals of Op tics,”second edition,1950 McGraw-Hill Book Co.,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,pages 247-249.(C0py in Div.7)

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英文原文 Screw Compressor The Symmetric profile has a huge blow-hole area which excludes it from any compressor applicat -ion where a high or even moderate pressure ratio is involved. However, the symmetric profile per -forms surprisingly well in low pressure compressor applications.More details about the circular p -rofile can be found in Margolis, 1978. 2.4.8 SRM “A” Profile The SRM “A” profile is shown in Fig. 2.11. It retains all the favourable features of the symmetric profile like its simplicity while avoiding its main disadvantage,namely, the large blow-hole area. The main goal of reducing the blow hole area was achieved by allowing the tip points of the main and gate rotors to generate their counterparts, trochoids on the gate and main rotor respectively. T -he “A” profile consists mainly of circles on the gate rotor and one line which passes through the gate rotor axis.The set of primary curves consists of: D2C2, which is a circle on the gate rotor with the centre on the gate pitch circle, and C2B2, which is a circle on the gate rotor, the centre of whi ch lies outside the pitch circle region.This was a new feature which imposed some problems in the generation of its main rotor counterpart, because the mathematics used for profile generation at tha -t time was insufficient for general gearing. This eccentricity ensured that the pressure angles on th -e rotor pitches differ from zero, resulting in its ease of manufacture. Segment BA is a circle on th -e gate rotor with its centre on the pitch circle. The flat lobe sides on the main and gate rotors were generated as epi/hypocycloids by points G on the gate and H on the main rotor respectively. GF2 is a radial line at the gate rotor. This brought the same benefits to manufacturing as the previously mentioned circle eccentricity on Fig. 2.11 SRM “A” Profile

手机电路图英汉翻译 英汉对照

模数转换 地址线 音频 自动频率控制控制基准频率时钟电路在手机电路中只要看到字样则马上可以断定该信号线所控制地是主时钟电路该信号不正常则可能导致手机不能进入服务状态严重地导致手机不开机有些手机地标注为文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 自动增益控制该信号通常出现在接收机电路地低噪声放大器被用来控制接收机前端放大器在不同强度信号时给后级电路提供一个比较稳定地信号文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习告警属于接收音频电路被用来提示用户有电话进入或操作错误 铃声电路 放大器 先进地移动电话系统 天线用来将高频电磁波转化为高频电流或将高频信号电流转化为高频电磁波在电路原理图中找到就可以很方便地找到天线及天线电路文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 天线开关控制信号 自动频率控制通常出现在手机发射机地功率放大器部分(摩托罗拉手机比较常用) 自动功率控制参考电平 专用应用集成电路在手机电路中.它通常包含多个功能电路提供许多接口主要完成手机地各种控制文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 鉴权中心 音频 辅助 音频供电 背光 平衡不平衡转换 频段 频段选择只出现在双频手机或三频手机电路中该信号控制手机地频段切换 基带信号 电源 电池电压 广播信道 接收数据信号 发射数据信号 背景灯控制 偏压常出现在诺基亚手机电路中被用来控制功率放大器或其他相应地电路 屏蔽罩 发光 基站 基站控制器 频段切换 基站收发器 电池尺寸在诺基亚地许多手机中若该信号不正常会导致手机不开机 缓冲放大器常出现在电路地输出端 通信总线

蜂鸣器出现在铃声电路 带宽 卡 码分多址多址接人技术一种通信系统容量比更大其微蜂窝更小手机所需地电源消耗更小所以手机待机时间更长文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 小区 蜂窝 信道 检查 充电正电源 充电电源负端 时钟出现在不同地方起地作用不同若在逻辑电路则它与手机地开机有很大地关系在卡电路则可能导致卡故障文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 复制 金属氧化半导体 编译码器主要出现在手机地音频编译码电路 列地址线出现在手机地按键电路 串口 连接器 联系服务商 代码 耦合 覆盖 表示鉴相器地输出端 控制信号输出 发射控制输出端 中央处理器在手机地逻辑电路完成手机地多种控制 晶振 片选 数模转换 数据 数据总线 外接电源输入 直流接通 数字通信系统工作频段在频段该系统地使用频率比更高也是数字通信系统地一种它是地衍生物地很多技术与一样文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习 频段选择信号 功率放大器输出地信号 射频接收信号 调解 检测 数字址 数字 二极管

外文翻译--制冷技术发展的历史-精品

制冷技术发展的历史 在史前时代，人类已经发现在食物缺少的季节里，如果把猎物保存在冰冷的地窖里或埋在雪里，就能保存更长的时间。在中国，早在先秦时代已经懂得了采冰，储冰技术。 希伯来人，古希腊人和古罗马人把大量的雪埋在储藏室下面的坑中，然后用木板和稻草来隔热，古埃及人在土制的罐子里装满开水，并把这些罐子放在他们上面，这样使罐子抵挡夜里的冷空气。在古印度，蒸发制冷技术也得到了应用。当一种流体快速蒸发时，它迅速膨胀，升起的蒸汽分子的动能迅速增加，而增加的能量来自周围的环境中，周围环境的温度因此而降低。 在中世纪时期，冷却食物是通过在水中加入某种化学物质像硝酸钠或硝酸钾，而使温度降低，1550年记载冷却酒就是通过这种方法。这就是制冷工艺的起源。 在法国冷饮是在1660年开始流行的。人们用装有溶解的硝石的长颈瓶在水里旋转来使水冷却。这个方法可以产生非常低的温度并且可以制冰。在17世纪末，带冰的酒和结冻的果汁在法国社会已非常流行。 第一次记载的人工制冷是在1784年，威廉库伦在格拉斯各大学作了证明。库伦让乙基醚蒸汽进入一个部分真空的容器，但是他没有把这种结果用于任何实际的目的。 在1799年冰第一次被用作商业目的，从纽约市的街道运河运往卡洛林南部的查尔斯顿市，但遗憾的是当时没有足够的冰来装运。英格兰人Frederick Tuder和Nathaniel Wyeth看到了制冰行业的巨大商机，并且在18世纪上半叶，通过自己的努力革新了这个行业。Tudor主要从事热带地区运冰，他尝试着安装隔热材料和修建冰房，从而使冰的融化量从66%减少到8%，Wyeth发明了一种切出相同冰块的方法，即快速又便捷，从而使制冰业发生了革命性变化，同时也减少了仓储业，运输业和销售业由于管理技术所造成的损失。 在1805年，一名美国发明者Oliver Evans设计了第一个用蒸汽代替液体的制冷系统，但Evans从来没有制造出这种机器。不过美国的一位内科医生John. Gorrie制造了一个相似的制冷机器。

示波器文献综述

目录 目录 目录 (1) 1、项目概述 (2) 2、数字示波器的基本原理及特点 (2) 2.1、基本原理 (2) 2.2、主要特点 (2) 2.3、主要技术指标 (3) 3、系统总体设计方案 (4) 3.1、方案论证比较 (4) 3.2、系统详细功能图 (7) 3.2.1、程控放大 (7) 3.2.2、高速A/D (7) 3.2.3、FPGA (8) 3.2.4、ARM处理器 (8) 4、参考文献 (8)

1、项目概述 示波器作为电子工程师常用的一种电子测量仪器，它能测试出高速变化的信号的不同电量，如电压、电流、频率、相位、调幅度等等。能够帮助工程师快速发现设计者存在的问题，用途十分广泛。然而传统的示波器体积大、功耗高、价格昂贵、对工作电压要求高等等的特性，让传统的示波器只能使用在实验室中，对于需要现场测量的一些信号，就可能有心无力了。相比较而言，手持示波器体积小，功耗低，工作电压要求低，使用方便灵活。手持示波器正在以这些优秀的性质，在市场上占据越来越多的比重。目前，国内具有自主知识产权的数字存储示波器产品还非常少，高昂的价格阻碍了数字存储示波器在生产和试验中广泛的应用。在研究剖析数字存储示波器产品工作原理的基础上，本文利用ARM+FPGA设计示波器，并详细论述了其设计和实现过程 2、数字示波器的基本原理及特点 2.1、基本原理 数字示波器就是利用A/D转换器将模拟信号转换为数字信号，然后存储在半导体存储器FIFO中，需要时从FIFO读取相应的数据，通过ARM处理器将读取到的数据显示在TFT 彩屏之上。数字示波器的主要性能取决于A/D转换器、FIFO读写速度、微处理器等，因此，相比较模拟示波器而言，数字示波器精度更高，处理速度可以达到更快。 2.2、主要特点 与模拟示波器相比较，数字示波器有很多特点，主要如下： 1、具备波形存储的功能，存储的时间可以无限延长，对于观察单次脉冲信号极为重要。

外文文献之数据库信息管理系统简介

Introduction to database information management system The database is stored together a collection of the relevant data, the data is structured, non-harmful or unnecessary redundancy, and for a variety of application services, data storage independent of the use of its procedures; insert new data on the database , revised, and the original data can be retrieved by a common and can be controlled manner. When a system in the structure of a number of entirely separate from the database, the system includes a "database collection." Database management system (database management system) is a manipulation and large-scale database management software is being used to set up, use and maintenance of the database, or dbms. Its unified database management and control so as to ensure database security and integrity. Dbms users access data in the database, the database administrator through dbms database maintenance work. It provides a variety of functions, allows multiple applications and users use different methods at the same time or different time to build, modify, and asked whether the database. It allows users to easily manipulate data definition and maintenance of data security and integrity, as well as the multi-user concurrency control and the restoration of the database. Using the database can bring many benefits: such as reducing data redundancy, thus saving the data storage space; to achieve full sharing of data resources, and so on. In addition, the database technology also provides users with a very simple means to enable users to easily use the preparation of the database applications. Especially in recent years introduced micro-computer relational database management system dBASELL, intuitive operation, the use of flexible, convenient programming environment to extensive (generally 16 machine, such as IBM / PC / XT, China Great Wall 0520, and other species can run software), data-processing capacity strong. Database in our country are being more and more widely used, will be a powerful tool of economic management. The database is through the database management system (DBMS-DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) software for data storage, management and use of dBASELL is a database management system software. Information management system is the use of data acquisition and transmission technology, computer network technology, database construction, multimedia

外文翻译----设计加工螺杆式压缩机的内摆线

附录 1 The Original English THE KEY TECHNOLOGY OF DESIGN HOB FOR HOBBING SCREW COMPRESSOR ROTORS WITH CUCLOID-ARC PROFILE ABSTRCT The profile of cycloid-arc screw compressor rotors is not a smooth profile; it has a tip on it. When design the hob cutter used for machining this kind of rotors, the profile of hob edge will appear separation. In this paper, the author made researches on the design theory of hob cutter for hobbing the cycloid-arc rotor with tip profile, and got the best way for design this kind of hob cutter with a separate edge. It is good practice to design the hob cutter and hob the cycloid-arc rotor according to practical design, manufacture and test. (1) INTRODUCTION The efficiency and reliability of screw compressor mainly depend on manufacturing technology of screw rotors. At present, the machining method of our country for machining screw rotors is milling the shortcoming of milling is low productivity and machining accuracy. Hobbing characteristic is high productivity and machining accuracy, so the machining method for hobbing instead of milling screw compressor rotors is now becoming more and more popular. Hobbing instead of milling for machining screw compressor rotors has much more advantage, but the key problem for carrying out hobbing the screw compressor rotors is that the profile of screw compressor rotors must be suited to hobbing. Our national standard profile for screw compressor rotors have no-symmetric cycloid-arc profile and symmetric are profile [1], since no-symmetric cycloid-arc profile screw compressor has much more advantage than symmetric are profile screw compressor, our national factory all adopt the former at present. The property of no-symmetric

数据库管理系统外文翻译

附录：英文资料及翻译 英文原文： DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS You know that a data is a collection of logically related data elements that may be structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of organizations and individuals. there’s nothing new about data bases-early ones were chiseled in st-one, penned on scrolls ,and written on index cards. but mow data bases are commonly recorded on magnetizeable media, and computer programs are required to perform the necessary storage ad retrieval operations. The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating , accessing ,and maintaining data base records is in a DBMS package establish an interface between the data base itself and the users of the data base . ( these users may be applications programmers ,managers and others with information needs , and various OS programs.) A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements from the data base .this capability enables decision makers to search . probe ,and query data base contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t available in regular reports . these questions might initially be vague and /or poorly defined ,but people can “browse” through the data base until they have the needed information . in short, the DBMS will “manage ”the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the common data base in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. In a file-oriented system ,users needing special information may communicate their needs to a programmer , who ,when time permits, will information. The availability of a DBMS ,however, offers users a much faster alternative communications path (see figure). Sequential, direct, and other file processing approaches are used to organize and structure data in single files .but a DBMS is able to integrate data elements from several files to answer specific user inquiries fir information. This means that the DBMS is able to integrate data elements from